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    Ancient Athens

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    kyla maliwat
    This document provides descriptions of various architectural structures from Ancient Athens between the 5th century BC to 2nd century AD. It includes temples dedicated to various Greek gods like Athena, Zeus and Apollo, as well as civic structures like the Bouleuterion council house, Stoa colonnades, the Metroon records office, Arsenal weapons depot, and law courts. Monuments like the Altar of the Twelve Gods and statues of emperors such as Hadrian are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ancient Athens

    Uploaded by

    kyla maliwat
    31 views25 pages
    This document provides descriptions of various architectural structures from Ancient Athens between the 5th century BC to 2nd century AD. It includes temples dedicated to various Greek gods like Athena, Zeus and Apollo, as well as civic structures like the Bouleuterion council house, Stoa colonnades, the Metroon records office, Arsenal weapons depot, and law courts. Monuments like the Altar of the Twelve Gods and statues of emperors such as Hadrian are also summarized.

    Original Title

    ANCIENT ATHENS

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    This document provides descriptions of various architectural structures from Ancient Athens between the 5th century BC to 2nd century AD. It includes temples dedicated to various Greek gods like Athena, Zeus and Apollo, as well as civic structures like the Bouleuterion council house, Stoa colonnades, the Metroon records office, Arsenal weapons depot, and law courts. Monuments like the Altar of the Twelve Gods and statues of emperors such as Hadrian are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views25 pages

    Ancient Athens

    Uploaded by

    kyla maliwat
    This document provides descriptions of various architectural structures from Ancient Athens between the 5th century BC to 2nd century AD. It includes temples dedicated to various Greek gods like Athena, Zeus and Apollo, as well as civic structures like the Bouleuterion council house, Stoa colonnades, the Metroon records office, Arsenal weapons depot, and law courts. Monuments like the Altar of the Twelve Gods and statues of emperors such as Hadrian are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    HISTORY

    OF
    ARCHITECTURE

    ANCIENT
    ATHENS
    SUBMITTED BY:
    KYLA MALIWAT
    SECTION:
    ARC212
    DATE SUBMITTED:
    FEBRUARY 23, 2022
    PROFESSOR:
    AR. LESTER CALUNSOD
    MONOPTEROS
    TEMPLE
    Description:

    DURING ANCIENT GREEK AND


    ROMAN TIMES, MONOPTEROS
    FREQUENTLY SERVED AS
    TEMPLES (REFERRED TO AS
    MONOPTERON TEMPLES)
    WITHOUT INNER CHAMBERS
    OR CELLA. THIS STYLE OF
    BUILDING LATER APPEARED
    IN BAROQUE AND
    NEOCLASSICAL
    ARCHITECTURE, SOMETIMES
    FEATURED IN EUROPEAN
    GARDENS IN THE FORM OF
    FOLLIES, EYECATCHERS,
    PAVILIONS OR GAZEBOS.

    References:

    HTTPS://WWW.DESIGNINGBUILD
    INGS.CO.UK/WIKI/MONOPTEROS

    HTTPS://ANCIENTATHENS3D.CO
    M/ROMAN-AGORA/
    TRITON
    STATUES
    Description:

    THE TRITON, SEATED ON A


    CIRCULAR BASE FORMED OF
    THREE DOLPHINS WITH TAILS
    INTERLACED AND HEADS
    RESTING ON THREE
    INVERTED SCALLOP SHELLS,
    ORIGINALLY SERVED AS A
    FOUNTAIN FIGURE. LIKE
    MOST OF THE SCULPTOR'S
    COMPOSITIONS, THIS WORK
    WAS MEANT TO BE VIEWED
    FROM ALL SIDES.

    References:

    HTTPS://WWW.METMUSEUM.OR
    G/ART/COLLECTION/SEARCH/19
    2729
    TEMPLE OF
    ARES
    Description:

    THE TEMPLE OF ARES WAS A


    SANCTUARY DEDICATED TO
    ARES, LOCATED IN THE
    NORTHERN PART OF THE
    ANCIENT AGORA OF ATHENS.
    THE TEMPLE WAS IDENTIFIED
    AS SUCH BY PAUSANIAS BUT
    THE RUINS PRESENT TODAY
    INDICATE A COMPLEX
    HISTORY. ARES HAD A
    TEMPLE SOMEWHAT LIKE
    ATHENA'S.

    References:

    HTTPS://WWW.ROUTEYOU.COM/
    EN-
    GR/LOCATION/VIEW/50627227/T
    EMPLE-OF-ARES

    HTTPS://WWW.FLICKR.COM/PHO
    TOS/JENO1217/2994729993
    ALTAR OF THE
    12 GODS
    Description:

    THE ALTAR OF THE TWELVE


    GODS WAS AN ALTAR AND
    SANCTUARY AT ATHENS,
    LOCATED IN THE NORTHWEST
    CORNER OF THE AGORA. THE
    ALTAR WAS SET UP BY
    PISISTRATUS (SON OF
    HIPPIAS AND GRANDSON OF
    PISISTRATUS THE TYRANT),
    DURING HIS ARCHONSHIP, IN
    522/1 BC. IT MARKED THE
    CENTRAL POINT FROM WHICH
    DISTANCES FROM ATHENS
    WERE MEASURED AND WAS A
    PLACE OF SUPPLICATION AND
    REFUGE

    References:

    HTTPS://ALCHETRON.COM/ALTA
    R-OF-THE-TWELVE-GODS
    STOA OF ZEUS
    ELEUTHERIOS
    Description:

    THE STOA OF ZEUS


    ELEUTHERIOS WAS BUILT ON
    THE WEST SIDE OF THE
    AGORA BETWEEN 430 AND
    425 B.C. THIS MONUMENT
    WAS ERECTED TO HONOR
    ZEUS, AS GUARANTOR OF
    FREEDOM, FOR HIS ROLE IN
    HELPING THE ATHENIANS
    DEFEAT THE PERSIANS AT
    THE BATTLE OF PLATAEA.

    References:

    HTTPS://PLEIADES.STOA.ORG

    HTTPS://CLASSICALMONUMENT
    S.TUMBLR.COM/POST/167765337
    236/STOA-OF-ZEUS-
    ELEUTHERIOS-ATHENS420-430-
    BCE-THIS
    HELLENISTIC
    TEMPLE
    Description:

    A COMMON FEATURE OF
    GREEK TEMPLES IS THE
    COLLONADE, CONSISTING OF
    ORDERED ROWS OF
    COLUMNS. THE FRONT AND
    REAR OF THE TEMPLES ARE
    TYPICALLY SIX COLUMNS
    ACROSS, A FORM CALLED
    HEXASTYLE. MORE
    UNUSUALLY, LARGER AND
    WIDER TEMPLES INSTEAD
    HAVE EIGHT OR TEN
    COLUMNS - OCTASTYLE OR
    DECASTYLE

    References:

    HTTPS://STORYMAPS.ARCGIS.C
    OM/STORIES/ACDAB2C0C94D43
    F3B6914C3E05F7DF25

    HTTPS://GLOBAL-
    GEOGRAPHY.ORG/AF/GEOGRAP
    HY/ASIA/ARMENIA/PICTURES/Y
    EREVAN/GARNI_-
    _HELLENISTIC_TEMPLE_2
    TEMPLE OF
    APOLLO
    PATROOS
    Description:

    THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO


    PATROOS (MEANING "FROM
    THE FATHERS") IS A SMALL
    RUINED TEMPLE OF IONIC
    ORDER BUILT IN 340–320
    BCE. IT IS 10 M WIDE AND
    16.5 M LONG, AND IS
    LOCATED NORTH-WEST OF
    THE ANCIENT AGORA OF
    ATHENS, NEAR THE STOA OF
    ZEUS.

    References:

    HTTPS://PLACEANDSEE.COM/WI
    KI/TEMPLE-OF-APOLLO-
    PATROOS

    HTTPS://THEOLDENCHAPTERS.C
    OM/STUDYING-ABROAD-IN-
    COLLEGE/TEMPLE-OF-APOLLO-
    PATROOS/
    ARSENAL
    Description:

    RECTANGULAR WITH
    BUTTRESSED WALLS, DOOR
    OPENING EAST. INSIDE
    THERE WERE 2 ROWS OF 8
    SUPPORTS FORMING 3
    AISLES. LARGE CISTERNS
    UNDER THE FOUNDATIONS
    HELD RUN-OFF WATER FROM
    THE ROOF. PROBABLY USED
    FOR STORAGE, POSSIBLY OF
    MILITARY EQUIPMENT, THUS
    THE NAME "ARSENAL."
    CONSTRUCTION DATED TO
    LATE 4TH OR EARLY 3RD
    CENTURY B.C.

    References:

    HTTP://WWW.PERSEUS.TUFTS.E
    DU/HOPPER/ARTIFACT?
    NAME=ATHENS%2C+ARSENAL&
    OBJECT=BUILDING

    HTTP://ATHENS-
    COMMERCIALARCHITECTURE.W
    EEBLY.COM/ARSENAL-OF-
    PHILO-AND-ZEA-SHIPSHED-
    DIGITAL-
    RECONSTRUCTION.HTML
    METROON
    Description:

    BUILT OVER EARLIER


    BOULEUTERION AND EARLIER
    LIMESTONE FOUNDATIONS OF
    TEMPLE OF THE MOTHER OF
    THE GODS. THE DISTINCT
    UNITS OF THE LATER
    METROON WOULD HAVE
    ACCOMMODATED THE
    SANCTUARY OF THE MOTHER
    OF THE GODS, A COUNCIL
    HOUSE AND STATE RECORD
    STORAGE. BUILDING
    INCLUDING A TEMPLE

    References:

    HHTTP://WWW.PERSEUS.TUFTS.
    EDU/HOPPER/ARTIFACT?
    NAME=ATHENS%2C+METROON&
    OBJECT=BUILDING

    HTTPS://AGORA.ASCSA.NET/ID/
    AGORA/MONUMENT/METROON
    HEPHAESTEION
    Description:

    ATHE TEMPLE OF
    HEPHAESTUS OR
    HEPHAISTEION IS A WELL-
    PRESERVED GREEK TEMPLE
    DEDICATED TO HEPHAESTUS;
    IT REMAINS STANDING
    LARGELY INTACT TODAY. IT IS
    A DORIC PERIPTERAL
    TEMPLE, AND IS LOCATED AT
    THE NORTH-WEST SIDE OF
    THE AGORA OF ATHENS, ON
    TOP OF THE AGORAIOS
    KOLONOS HILL.

    References:

    HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WI
    KI/TEMPLE_OF_HEPHAESTUS

    HTTPS://WWW.PRINTS-
    ONLINE.COM/THESEION-
    HEPHAISTEION-V-CENTURY-BC-
    ATHENS-14314538.HTML
    METROONMONUMENT OF THE
    EPONYMOUS HEROES
    Description:

    THE MONUMENT TOOK THE


    FORM OF A LONG BASE FOR
    THE TEN BRONZE STATUES
    REPRESENTING THE TEN
    EPONYMOUS HEROES OF THE
    TRIBES (FIG. 22). IT SERVED AS
    A PUBLIC NOTICE BOARD AND
    ANNOUNCEMENTS
    CONCERNING CITIZENS WOULD
    BE HUNG ON THE FACE OF THE
    HIGH BASE BENEATH THE
    APPROPRIATE TRIBAL STATUE.
    MILITARY CONSCRIPTION,
    PUBLIC HONORS, UPCOMING
    LEGAL EVENTS, AND PROPOSED
    LEGISLATION WOULD ALL BE
    DISPLAYED.

    References:

    HTTPS://AGORA.ASCSA.NET/ID/
    AGORA/MONUMENT/EPONYMOU
    S%20HEROES

    HTTPS://CLASSICALMONUMENT
    S.TUMBLR.COM/POST/146310675
    565/MONUMENT-OF-THE-
    EPONYMOUS-HEROES-ATHENS-
    CA-350-BC/AMP
    BOULEUTERION
    Description:

    THE BOULEUTERION, OR
    COUNCIL HOUSE, WAS THE
    SEAT OF THE OLYMPIC
    SENATE. LYING JUST OUTSIDE
    THE ALTIS TO THE SOUTH, IT
    WAS COMPOSED OF TWO
    DORIC BUILDINGS OF
    DIFFERENT DATE BUT OF
    IDENTICAL OBLONG FORM
    WITH APSIDAL ENDS TOWARD
    THE WEST.

    References:

    HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.CO
    M/TOPIC/BOULEUTERION
    HTTPS://OXFORDRE.COM/CLASS
    ICS/OXFORD/FULLSIZEIMAGE?
    IMAGEURI=/10.1093/ACREFORE/
    9780199381135.001.0001/ACREF
    ORE-9780199381135-E-8112-
    GRAPHIC-020-
    FULL.JPG&URICHAPTER=/10.109
    3/ACREFORE/9780199381135.00
    1.0001/ACREFORE-
    9780199381135-E-8112
    THOLOS
    Description:

    THE THOLOS, RECOGNIZABLE


    BY ITS ROUND SHAPE, SERVED
    AS THE HEADQUARTERS OF
    THE PRYTANEIS OF THE BOULE
    ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE.
    HERE THE FIFTY SENATORS
    WERE FED AT PUBLIC EXPENSE,
    AND AT LEAST SEVENTEEN
    SPENT THE NIGHT IN THE
    BUILDING, AVAILABLE TO DEAL
    WITH ANY EMERGENCY,
    WHATEVER THE HOUR. IN A
    SENSE, THEN, THE THOLOS
    REPRESENTS THE HEART OF
    THE ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY,
    WHERE CITIZENS SERVING AS
    SENATORS COULD BE FOUND
    ON DUTY TWENTY-FOUR HOURS
    A DAY.

    References:

    HTTPS://AGORA.ASCSA.NET/ID/
    AGORA/MONUMENT/THOLOS

    HTTPS://WWW.BROWN.EDU/DEP
    ARTMENTS/JOUKOWSKY_INSTIT
    UTE/COURSES/GREEKPAST/490
    4.HTML
    LATRINES
    Description:

    A LATRINE IS A TOILET OR AN
    EVEN SIMPLER FACILITY THAT
    IS USED AS A TOILET WITHIN
    A SANITATION SYSTEM. FOR
    EXAMPLE, IT CAN BE A
    COMMUNAL TRENCH IN THE
    EARTH IN A CAMP TO BE
    USED AS EMERGENCY
    SANITATION, A HOLE IN THE
    GROUND (PIT LATRINE), OR
    MORE ADVANCED DESIGNS,
    INCLUDING POUR-FLUSH
    SYSTEMS.

    References:

    HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WI
    KI/LATRINE

    HTTPS://ANCIENTATHENS3D.CO
    M/VIDEO-VESPASIANAE/
    SOUTHWESTERN
    FOUNTAIN
    Description:

    CLOSER TO THE AGORA


    PROPER A ROW OF FIVE
    PUBLIC BUILDINGS LINED THE
    SOUTH SIDE OF THE SQUARE
    IN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
    (FIG. 29, 36). THEY COMPRISE
    SEVERAL IMPORTANT
    MONUMENTS, THOUGH THEIR
    STATE OF PRESERVATION IS
    POOR. THEY ARE SLIGHTLY
    MORE COMPREHENSIBLE IF
    VIEWED FROM THE ANCIENT
    ROAD THAT RAN ABOVE
    THEM TO THE SOUTH.

    References:

    HTTPS://AGORA.ASCSA.NET/ID/
    AGORA/MONUMENT/SOUTHWES
    T%20FOUNTAIN%20HOUSE

    HTTPS://ANCIENTATHENS3D.CO
    M/HELLENISTIC-AGORA/
    STATUE OF
    HADRIAN
    Description:

    THIS HEADLESS STATUE FROM


    THE 2ND CENTURY AD MIGHT
    BE HARD TO RECOGNIZE. IT IS
    A LARGER THAN LIFE
    SCULPTURE OF EMPEROR
    HADRIAN LOCATED IN THE
    ANCIENT AGORA. THE
    ELABORATE BREASTPLATE
    (CUIRASS) FEATURES ATHENA
    IN THE CENTER. THE GREEK
    GODDESS IS STANDING ON A
    SHE-WOLF SUCKLING
    ROMULUS AND REMUS, THE
    FOUNDERS OF ROME.
    HADRIAN WAS A ROMAN
    EMPEROR FROM 117 THROUGH
    138 AD.

    References:

    HHTTPS://WWW.ENCIRCLEPHOT
    OS.COM/IMAGE/EMPEROR-
    HADRIAN-STATUE-AT-ANCIENT-
    AGORA-IN-ATHENS-GREECE/

    HTTPS://WWW.ISTOCKPHOTO.C
    OM/PHOTO/STATUE-OF-
    EMPEROR-HADRIAN-IN-THE-
    ANCIENT-AGORA-IN-ATHENS-
    GREECE-GM1086607894-
    291536964
    HELIAIA
    Description:

    ORIGINALLY THE ENCLOSURE


    MAY HAVE BEEN A SIMPLE
    FENCE OR ROPE. EARLY 5TH
    CENTURY B.C. THE BOUNDARY
    WAS CHANGED TO A STONE
    WALL, AND SMALL ROOMS,
    PROBABLY OFFICES, WERE
    ADDED ON THE SOUTH SIDE,
    BUT THE MEETING PLACE
    REMAINING UNROOFED. THE
    HELIAIA WAS THE NAME OF
    THE LARGEST COURT IN
    ATHENS AND THIS BUILDING
    WAS OF APPROPRIATE SIZE,
    DATE AND TYPE FOR ITS
    MEETINGS, BUT THE
    IDENTIFICATION REMAINS
    TENTATIVE.

    References:

    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hoppe
    r/artifactname=Athens%2C+Heliaia&
    object=Building

    http://project.athens-
    agora.gr/index.php?
    view=ktirio&pid=6&lang_id=en
    ALTAR OF ZEUS
    Description:

    THE ALTAR OF ZEUS


    AGORAIOS IS AN ALTAR
    DATING TO THE 4TH CENTURY
    BC LOCATED NORTH-WEST OF
    THE ANCIENT AGORA OF
    ATHENS, CONSTRUCTED FROM
    WHITE MARBLE, 9M DEEP AND
    5.5M WIDE. IT WAS ONE OF
    THE FIRST OBJECTS TO BE
    DISCOVERED INSIDE THE
    AGORA DURING THE
    EXCAVATIONS OF 1931.
    EVIDENCE OF MARKS DONE BY
    MASONS FROM THE AUGUSTAN
    PERIOD SHOW THAT IT WAS
    MOVED FROM AN INITIAL
    SOURCE LATER IDENTIFIED AS
    THE PNYX LOCATED OUTSIDE
    THE ANCIENT AGORA.

    References:

    HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WI
    KI/ALTAR_OF_ZEUS_AGORAIOS

    HTTPS://WWW.TRIPADVISOR.CO
    M/ATTRACTION_REVIEW-
    G189400-D19798708-REVIEWS-
    ALTAR_OF_ZEUS_AGORAIOS-
    ATHENS_ATTICA.HTML
    SOUTHWEST
    TEMPLE
    Description:

    THE STRUCTURE’S
    FOUNDATIONS CONSISTED OF
    LARGE CONGLOMERATE
    STONES, RESTING ON A LAYER
    OF ROCKS HELD TOGETHER BY
    MORTAR. THESE ARE
    PRESERVED IN PLACE ONLY AT
    THE SOUTHWEST CORNER OF
    THE BUILDING. THE TEMPLE IS
    ORIENTED TO THE WEST, AND
    LIES TO THE EAST OF THE
    THOLOS AND IN CLOSE
    PROXIMITY TO IT. IT IS
    THOUGHT THAT IT WAS PLACED
    IN THIS WAY DUE TO ITS
    PROPINQUITY TO THE
    AUDITORIUM, AND ALSO TO
    ENHANCE ITS VISIBILITY FROM
    THE N SECTION OF THE AGORA.

    References:

    HTTP://PROJECT.ATHENS-
    AGORA.GR/INDEX.PHP?
    VIEW=KTIRIO&PID=32&LANG_ID
    =EN

    HTTPS://WWW.ISTOCKPHOTO.C
    OM/PHOTO/AGORA-IN-ATHENS-
    GREECE-SCENIC-VIEW-OF-
    ANCIENT-GREEK-RUINS-AND-
    ACROPOLIS-IN-DISTANCE-
    GM1273392650-375286866
    MIDDLE STOA
    Description:

    TDORIC, TWO-AISLED STOA,


    COMPLETELY SURROUNDED BY
    UNFLUTED DORIC COLUMNS.
    THE CENTER COLONNADE OF
    23 COLUMNS, MAY HAVE BEEN
    IONIC, AND THE CENTER
    COLUMNS MAY HAVE BEEN
    CONNECTED BY SCREENS TO
    DIVIDE THE STOA INTO
    HALVES. THE MIDDLE STOA
    WAS THE NORTHERN SIDE OF
    THE AREA KNOWN AS THE
    SOUTH SQUARE.

    References:

    HTTP://WWW.PERSEUS.TUFTS.E
    DU/HOPPER/ARTIFACT?
    NAME=ATHENS%2C+MIDDLE+ST
    OA&OBJECT=BUILDING

    HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/W
    ATCH?V=6QYY1AY0O7I
    SOUTHEAST
    TEMPLE
    Description:

    THE SE TEMPLE, WHICH WAS


    DISCOVERED IN 1959, LIES IN
    CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE
    ELEUSINIUM, ON THE WEST
    SIDE OF THE PANATHENAIC
    WAY, ON THE SPOT WERE
    UNTIL THE 1ST CENT. A MINT
    EXISTED IT BELONGS TO A
    LARGE GROUP OF
    MONUMENTS RELOCATED
    HERE FROM OTHER PARTS OF
    ATTICA (SW TEMPLE, THE SO-
    CALLED TEMPLE OF ARES,
    ALTAR OF ZEUS AGORAIOS).

    References:

    HTTP://PROJECT.ATHENS-
    AGORA.GR/INDEX.PHP?
    VIEW=KTIRIO&PID=31&LANG_ID=
    EN
    STOA OF
    ATTALOS
    Description:

    DTHE STOA OF ATTALOS IS


    THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN A
    KIND OF ANCIENT
    COMMERCIAL CENTER WITH 21
    SHOPS ON EACH OF THE TWO
    FLOORS LINING THE WESTERN
    WALL. VISITORS MAY GET AN
    IDEA OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN
    ANCIENT ATHENS THROUGH
    THE COLLECTION OF
    EVERYDAY OBJECTS WHICH
    WERE UNEARTHED IN
    EXCAVATIONS. THE STOA'S
    DIMENSIONS ARE 115 BY 20 M
    WIDE (377 BY 65 FT WIDE)
    AND IT IS MADE OF MARBLE
    FROM MT. PENTELI AND
    LIMESTONE.

    References:

    HTTPS://WWW.ATHENSKEY.COM
    /STOA-OF-ATTALOS.HTML
    LIBRARY OF
    PANTAINOS
    Description:

    RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED A


    PANTAINOS OF GARGETTOS AS
    HAVING SERVED AS
    EPONYMOUS ARCHON AFTER
    102, WHICH WAS AROUND THE
    TIME THE LIBRARY WAS BUILT.
    SINCE “PANTAINOS” IS AN
    UNCOMMON NAME, IT HAS
    BEEN ASSUMED THAT THIS
    ARCHON WAS THE SAME
    PERSON WHO BUILT THE
    LIBRARY. THEREFORE, HE WAS
    EITHER AN ATHENIAN CITIZEN
    OR BECAME A CITIZEN. HE AND
    HIS FAMILY PROBABLY ALSO
    HAD ROMAN CITIZENSHIP, AND
    THEY WERE WEALTHY.

    References:

    HTTPS://ANCMODLIBRARIES.OM
    EKA.NET/COLLECTIONS/SHOW/1

    S3.AMAZONAWS.COM
    PANATHENAIC
    WAY
    Description:

    PANATHENAIC WAY, THE


    PRINCIPAL THOROUGHFARE OF
    THE CITY (FIG. 4). IT LED FROM
    THE MAIN CITY GATE, THE
    DIPYLON, UP TO THE
    ACROPOLIS, A DISTANCE OF
    JUST OVER A KILOMETER, AND
    SERVED AS THE PROCESSIONAL
    WAY FOR THE GREAT PARADE
    THAT WAS A HIGHLIGHT OF THE
    PANATHENAIC FESTIVAL.
    HALFWAY ALONG, IT ENTERS
    THE AGORA AT ITS NORTHWEST
    CORNER AND PASSES
    THROUGH THE SQUARE ON A
    DIAGONAL, EXITING AT THE
    SOUTHEAST CORNER.

    References:

    HTTPS://AGORA.ASCSA.NET/ID/
    AGORA/MONUMENT/PANATHEN
    AIC%20WAY

    HTTPS://COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.
    ORG/WIKI/FILE:THE_PANATHEN
    AIC_WAY_IN_ANCIENT_AGORA_
    OF_ATHENS_ON_JUNE_29,_202
    1.JPG

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