RD Sharma Solutions For Class 12 Chapter 17 Increasing and

Decreasing Functions

1. Prove that the function f(x) = loge x is increasing on (0, ∞).

Solution:
Let x1, x2 ∈ (0, ∞)

te
We have, x1 < x2
⇒ loge x1 < loge x2

itu
⇒ f (x1) < f (x2)
So, f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞)
2. Prove that the function f(x) = loga x is increasing on (0, ∞) if a > 1 and decreasing on (0, ∞),
if 0 < a < 1.

st
Solution: In
sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa

3. Prove that f(x) = ax + b, where a, b are constants and a > 0 is an increasing function on R.
Solution:
Given,
f (x) = ax + b, a > 0
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 > x2
⇒ ax1 > ax2 for some a > 0
⇒ ax1 + b> ax2 + b for some b
⇒ f (x1) > f(x2)
Hence, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
So, f(x) is increasing function of R
4. Prove that f(x) = ax + b, where a, b are constants and a < 0 is a decreasing function on R.
Solution:

te
Given,
f (x) = ax + b, a < 0

itu
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 > x2
⇒ ax1 < ax2 for some a > 0
⇒ ax1 + b < ax2 + b for some b
⇒ f (x1) < f(x2)

st
Hence, x1 > x2⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
So, f(x) is decreasing function of R
In
Exercise 17.2 Page No: 17.33
1. Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.
(i) f (x) = 10 – 6x – 2x2
Solution:
sh
ka
Aa
Aa
ka
sh
In
st
itu
te
(ii) f (x) = x2 + 2x – 5

te
Solution:

itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa
(iii) f (x) = 6 – 9x – x2

te
Solution:

itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa
(iv) f(x) = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 15

te
Solution:

itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa

(v) f (x) = 5 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

Solution:
Given f (x) = 5 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 36 + 6x – 6x2
For f(x) now we have to find critical point, we must have
⇒ f’(x) = 0
⇒ 36 + 6x – 6x2 = 0
⇒ 6(–x2 + x + 6) = 0
⇒ 6(–x2 + 3x – 2x + 6) = 0
⇒ –x2 + 3x – 2x + 6 = 0
⇒ x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0

te
⇒ (x – 3) (x + 2) = 0
⇒ x = 3, – 2

itu
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –2< x < 3 and f’(x) < 0 if x < –2 and x > 3
Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–2, 3) and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –2) ∪ (3, ∞)
(vi) f (x) = 8 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3
Solution:

st
Given f (x) = 8 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3
Now differentiating with respect to x
In
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 36 + 6x – 6x2
For f(x) we have to find critical point, we must have
sh

⇒ f’(x) = 0
⇒ 36 + 6x – 6x2 = 0
⇒ 6(–x2 + x + 6) = 0
ka

⇒ 6(–x2 + 3x – 2x + 6) = 0
⇒ –x2 + 3x – 2x + 6 = 0
⇒ x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0
Aa

⇒ (x – 3) (x + 2) = 0
⇒ x = 3, – 2
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –2 < x < 3 and f’(x) < 0 if x < –2 and x > 3
Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–2, 3) and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞)
(vii) f(x) = 5x3 – 15x2 – 120x + 3
Solution:
Given f(x) = 5x3 – 15x2 – 120x + 3
Now by differentiating above equation with respect x, we get
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 15x2 – 30x – 120

For f(x) we have to find critical point, we must have
⇒ f’(x) = 0
⇒ 15x2 – 30x – 120 = 0

te
⇒ 15(x2 – 2x – 8) = 0
⇒ 15(x2 – 4x + 2x – 8) = 0
⇒ x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 = 0

itu
⇒ (x – 4) (x + 2) = 0
⇒ x = 4, – 2
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < –2 and x > 4 and f’(x) < 0 if –2 < x < 4

st
Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞,–2) ∪ (4, ∞) and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–2, 4)
(viii) f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 2
Solution:
In
Given f (x) = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 2
⇒
sh

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 12x – 36

For f(x) we have to find critical point, we must have
⇒ f’(x) = 0
⇒ 3x2 – 12x – 36 = 0
ka

⇒ 3(x2 – 4x – 12) = 0
⇒ 3(x2 – 6x + 2x – 12) = 0
⇒ x2 – 6x + 2x – 12 = 0
Aa

⇒ (x – 6) (x + 2) = 0
⇒ x = 6, – 2
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < –2 and x > 6 and f’(x) < 0 if –2< x < 6
Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞,–2) ∪ (6, ∞) and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–2, 6)
(ix) f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1
Solution:
Given f (x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1
Now by differentiating above equation with respect x, we get
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36

For f(x) we have to find critical point, we must have
⇒ f’(x) = 0

te
⇒ 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 0
⇒ 6 (x2 – 5x + 6) = 0
⇒ 6(x2 – 3x – 2x + 6) = 0

itu
⇒ x2 – 3x – 2x + 6 = 0
⇒ (x – 3) (x – 2) = 0
⇒ x = 3, 2

st
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 2 and x > 3 and f’(x) < 0 if 2 < x < 3
Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞) and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (2, 3)
(x) f (x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x + 20
In
Solution:
Given f (x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x + 20
Differentiating above equation we get
⇒
sh

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 + 18x + 12

For f(x) we have to find critical point, we must have
ka

⇒ f’(x) = 0
⇒ 6x2 + 18x + 12 = 0
⇒ 6(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0
Aa

⇒ 6(x2 + 2x + x + 2) = 0
⇒ x2 + 2x + x + 2 = 0
⇒ (x + 2) (x + 1) = 0
⇒ x = –1, –2
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –2 < x < –1 and f’(x) < 0 if x < –1 and x > –2
Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–2,–1) and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –2) ∪ (–2, ∞)
2. Determine the values of x for which the function f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9 is increasing or
decreasing. Also, find the coordinates of the point on the curve y = x2 – 6x + 9 where the
normal is parallel to the line y = x + 5.
Solution:
Given f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9
⇒

te
⇒ f’(x) = 2x – 6
⇒ f’(x) = 2(x – 3)
For f(x) let us find critical point, we must have

itu
⇒ f’(x) = 0
⇒ 2(x – 3) = 0
⇒ (x – 3) = 0

st
⇒x=3
Clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x > 3 and f’(x) < 0 if x < 3
Thus, f(x) increases on (3, ∞) and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–∞, 3)
In
Now, let us find coordinates of point
Equation of curve is f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9
Slope of this curve is given by
sh
ka
Aa
Aa
ka
sh
In
st
itu
te
 te
itu
st
In
3. Find the intervals in which f(x) = sin x – cos x, where 0 < x < 2π is increasing or decreasing.
Solution:
sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

4. Show that f(x) = e2x is increasing on R.

Solution:
Aa

Given f (x) = e2x

⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 2e2x
For f(x) to be increasing, we must have
⇒ f’(x) > 0
⇒ 2e2x > 0
⇒ e2x > 0
Since, the value of e lies between 2 and 3
So, whatever be the power of e (that is x in domain R) will be greater than zero.
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval R
5. Show that f (x) = e1/x, x ≠ 0 is a decreasing function for all x ≠ 0.
Solution:

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa

6. Show that f(x) = loga x, 0 < a < 1 is a decreasing function for all x > 0.
Solution:

te
itu
st
In
7. Show that f(x) = sin x is increasing on (0, π/2) and decreasing on (π/2, π) and neither
sh

increasing nor decreasing in (0, π).

Solution:
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

8. Show that f(x) = log sin x is increasing on (0, π/2) and decreasing on (π/2, π).
Solution:
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
9. Show that f(x) = x – sin x is increasing for all x ϵ R.
sh

Solution:
Given f (x) = x – sin x
⇒
ka

⇒ f’(x) = 1 – cos x
Now, as given x ϵ R
Aa

⇒ –1 < cos x < 1

⇒ –1 > cos x > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R
10. Show that f(x) = x3 – 15x2 + 75x – 50 is an increasing function for all x ϵ R.
Solution:
Given f(x) = x3 – 15x2 + 75x – 50
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 30x + 75

⇒ f’(x) = 3(x2 – 10x + 25)
⇒ f’(x) = 3(x – 5)2

te
Now, as given x ϵ R
⇒ (x – 5)2 > 0
⇒ 3(x – 5)2 > 0

itu
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R

st
11. Show that f(x) = cos2 x is a decreasing function on (0, π/2).
Solution:
Given f (x) = cos2 x
In
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 2 cos x (–sin x)

sh

⇒ f’(x) = –2 sin (x) cos (x)

⇒ f’(x) = –sin2x
Now, as given x belongs to (0, π/2).
⇒ 2x ∈ (0,
ka

π)
⇒ Sin (2x)> 0
⇒ –Sin (2x) < 0
Aa

⇒ f’(x) < 0
Hence, condition for f(x) to be decreasing
Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval (0, π/2).
Hence proved
12. Show that f(x) = sin x is an increasing function on (–π/2, π/2).
Solution:
Given f (x) = sin x
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = cos x
Now, as given x ∈ (–π/2, π/2).
That is 4th quadrant, where
⇒ Cos x> 0

te
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (–π/2, π/2).

itu
13. Show that f(x) = cos x is a decreasing function on (0, π), increasing in (–π, 0) and neither
increasing nor decreasing in (–π, π).
Solution:
Given f(x) = cos x

st
⇒ In
⇒ f’(x) = –sin x
Taking different region from 0 to 2π
Let x ∈ (0, π).
⇒ Sin(x) > 0
sh

⇒ –sin x < 0
⇒ f’(x) < 0
Thus f(x) is decreasing in (0, π)
ka

Let x ∈ (–π, o).

⇒ Sin (x) < 0
⇒ –sin x > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Aa

Thus f(x) is increasing in (–π, 0).

Therefore, from above condition we find that
⇒ f (x) is decreasing in (0, π) and increasing in (–π, 0).
Hence, condition for f(x) neither increasing nor decreasing in (–π, π)
14. Show that f(x) = tan x is an increasing function on (–π/2, π/2).
Solution:
Given f (x) = tan x
⇒

⇒ f’(x) = sec2x
Now, as given
x ∈ (–π/2, π/2).
That is 4th quadrant, where

te
⇒ sec2x > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Hence, Condition for f(x) to be increasing

itu
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (–π/2, π/2).
15. Show that f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) is a decreasing function on the interval (π/4, π /2).
Solution:

st
In
sh
ka
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

16. Show that the function f (x) = sin (2x + π/4) is decreasing on (3π/8, 5π/8).
Solution:
Aa
 te
itu
st
In
sh
ka

Thus f (x) is decreasing on the interval (3π/8, 5π/8).

17. Show that the function f(x) = cot–1 (sin x + cos x) is decreasing on (0, π/4) and increasing
Aa

on (π/4, π/2).
Solution:
Given f(x) = cot–1 (sin x + cos x)
 te
itu
st
In
sh

18. Show that f(x) = (x – 1) ex + 1 is an increasing function for all x > 0.

Solution:
Given f (x) = (x – 1) ex + 1
ka

Now differentiating the given equation with respect to x, we get

⇒
Aa

⇒ f’(x) = ex + (x – 1) ex
⇒ f’(x) = ex(1+ x – 1)
⇒ f’(x) = x ex
As given x > 0
⇒ ex > 0
⇒ x ex > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x > 0
19. Show that the function x2 – x + 1 is neither increasing nor decreasing on (0, 1).
Solution:
Given f(x) = x2 – x + 1
Now by differentiating the given equation with respect to x, we get
⇒

te
⇒ f’(x) = 2x – 1

itu
Taking different region from (0, 1)
Let x ∈ (0, ½)
⇒ 2x – 1 < 0
⇒ f’(x) < 0
Thus f(x) is decreasing in (0, ½)
Let x ∈ (½, 1)

st
In
⇒ 2x – 1 > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Thus f(x) is increasing in (½, 1)
Therefore, from above condition we find that
sh

⇒ f (x) is decreasing in (0, ½) and increasing in (½, 1)

Hence, condition for f(x) neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, 1)
20. Show that f(x) = x9 + 4x7 + 11 is an increasing function for all x ϵ R.
ka

Solution:
Given f (x) = x9 + 4x7 + 11
Now by differentiating above equation with respect to x, we get
Aa

⇒ f’(x) = 9x8 + 28x6

⇒ f’(x) = x6(9x2 + 28)
As given x ϵ R
⇒ x6 > 0 and 9x2 + 28 > 0
⇒ x6 (9x2 + 28) > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0
Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing
Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R

te
itu
st
In
sh
ka
Aa