DAY 1

PROCESS

Go over the procedures and try to answer all the questions using the pre-selected links.

Prequisite Knowledge

Before we proceed with the First Law of Motion, it is a requirement that we should be familiar with
contact and non-contact forces. Kindly visit the links given BBC Bitesize - GCSE Combined Science -
Contact and non-contact forces - AQA - Revision 1 and BBC Bitesize - GCSE Combined Science -
Contact and non-contact forces - AQA - Revision 2 to differentiate the two forces. Use the space
provided to cite three of your own examples of contact and non-contact forces.

CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT FORCES

CONTACT FORCES NON-CONTACT FORCES

Example 1. Reaction force Example 1. Magnetic force
Example 2. Tension force Example 2. Electrostatic force
Example 3. Tension force Example 3. Gravitational force

Forces are vector quantities usually represented by arrows. In situations where two or more forces are
present, free-body diagrams are illustrated. To practice drawing free-body diagrams, kindly open the link
Drawing Free-Body Diagrams. In the same link, try to practice drawing the situations stated under
“Practice” and validate your answers by scrolling down. This is very important because you will apply
this skill in the succeeding lesson.

DAY 2
TOPIC 1: First Law of Motion

Newton’s First Law of Motion states that an object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion,
remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.

Forces can be observed in objects in the international space station. Visit the link Space Station
Astronauts Eat a Floating Dinner - ISS Science Video and answer the following questions.

1. Why do the food packs, food opener, scissors and the astronauts keep on moving?
The food packs, food opener, scissors and the astronauts keep on moving due to the absence or weak
gravitational force.

2. Why do some untouched objects not in motion?

Some untouched objects are not in motion because there are no external force applied to these objects
thus, these do not move or change in position.
 3. Observe the movements of the objects. Do they move faster? Slower? Or with constant speed?
Why do you think so?
The objects move with constant speed because these objects’ motion was dependent on the amount of
force exerted. These objects continue to move at constant speed because there are no external forces that
oppose their movement.

To validate your answers, kindly open the link NASA Newton’s First Law as this explains how
Newton’s First Law of Motion is applied in space stations.

To further enrich your concepts about forces, open the simulation, forces-and-motion-
basics_en. Click on the “Motion” tab. Check “Force” “Values” and “Speed” in the yellow box located at
the top right corner. This screen appears:

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-and-motion-basics_en.html

Follow the procedures:

a. Using the double-arrow button next to the box, set the force to 100 Newtons.
b. Let the simulation run until the “force”, or the player pushing the box, releases.
c. Answer the following questions:
4. What contact and non-contact forces are applied?
The contact and non-contact forces are frictional force and gravitational force respectively.

5. What did you notice about the speed on the speedometer as the player continued to push the box?
The speed on the speedometer as the player continued to push the box continues to increase in value.

6. What happened when the orange man released the force on the box?
Upon releasing the force, the box moved to the opposite at constant speed.
 a. Reset the simulation by clicking the orange “Reset” button, and check the boxes for
“Force,” “Values,” and “Speed” again. Remove the box from the board.

7. Which object will take the longest amount of time to increase the speed of the board? Circle your
answer below
Refrigerator Trash can Mystery Box

8. Using the objects in no 8, what happens with the speed and the force when the orange man
released the different objects?
The speed of the orange man slowed down when the force is transferred to the different objects thus
increasing their speed.

9. How does this apply Newton’s First Law of Motion?

The simulation applies Newton’s First Law of Motion as it

In the first activity, it was stressed that an object in motion remains to be in motion at a constant
velocity. This was shown by the orange man once he released the object. But what happened to the forces
once he released the object? Were there any external force or there were none? In the same case, what if
the object is at rest? Does it mean that there are no forces involved? To clarify these questions, kindly
open the link Introduction to Equilibrium.mp4 and answer the following questions.

Situation 1: A book is at rest in an inclined plane

10. Are there forces acting on the book?

Yes there are forces acting on the book.

11. If yes, what contact and non-contact forces are involved?

Normal force for the contact force and gravitational force for the non-contact force.

12. If yes, why is it at rest?

The book is at rest because the forces acting on the book cancel each other since the amount of
the force exerted is equal but in opposite direction.

Situation 2: A car moves in a constant velocity

13. Are there forces acting on the car?

Yes there are forces acting on the car.

14. If yes, what contact and non-contact forces are involved?

Frictional force for the contact force and gravitational force for the non-contact force.
 15. If yes, why isn’t it accelerating?
It is not accelerating because the values of the initial and final velocities are equal thus, having a
constant velocity. As a result the acceleration is equal to zero.

When all the forces that act upon an object are balanced, then the object is said to be in a state
of equilibrium whether it is at rest or it moves at a constant velocity. Applying your idea about
addition of vectors and trigonometry, kindly read the discussion then follow the sample problems
on this link Equilibrium and Statics. Afterwhich, kindly answer the following problems below. You may
use a separate sheet for your solutions.

1. The following picture is hanging on a wall.

a. If each rope holding the frame has a tension of 60 N, determine the weight of the picture.

The weight of the picture is 60 N if the angle used is 30 just

like in the sample problem link.
https://www.tenstickers.co.uk/stickers
/hanging-photo-frame-sticker-6360

b. After its most recent delivery, the infamous stork announces the good news.
If the sign has a mass of 15 kg, then what is the tensional force in each cable?
y
Use trigonometric functions and a sketch to assist in the solution.

weight = 15kg (9.8 m/s2) = 147 N = y

h
sin 30 = 147 N(y) / h
x

https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/a-stork-

holding-a-big-blank-paper-in-his-beak-vector-1607802
Real life examples of this first law in action are literally unlimited. One of the best illustrations, in fact,
involves something completely outside the experience of Newton himself: an automobile. Know the
importance of this law in road safety by opening the link Real-life applications-Laws of Motion.

Apply in Real Life

You are a member of the technical committee in the

Philippine adaptation of the musical “Phantom of the
Opera”. In setting up the production, you need to
hang the huge chandelier, which the musical is
popular for. As a new twist to the story, three
chandeliers of different sizes and positions will be
https://www.westelm.com/products/sculptural-glass-
hung from a circular slab as shown in the figure. geo-3-light-chandelier-mixed-w2747/
The head of the technical committee asked you to
explain the Physics on how these chandeliers should be arranged. As a student who recently learned the
First Law of Motion, how will you apply these concepts?

(Answers may vary.) As a member of the technical committee, I would propose that the three chandeliers
of different sizes and positions that will be hunged from a circular slab should be arranged by …

As a review to the concepts of the First Law of Motion, kindly open the link Newton's First Law of
Motion - Class 9 Tutorial

DAY 3
Topic 2: Second Law of Motion

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-and-motion-basics_en.html

Use the simulation to answer the following questions.

1. How do you make the box speed up?

A. Apply a 50N force
B. Apply a -50N force
C. Do not apply a force
2. How do you make the box move at a constant speed?
A. Increase the applied force
B. Deecrease the applied force
 C. Do not apply a force
3. Once the box is moving how do you make it stop?
A. Apply a force opposite to the movement
B. Apply a force with the same direction of the movement
C. Release the box
4. Use the given values in the simulation. Record your data.
Part 1. Force is fixed

Forces Sum of Forces Masses Speed Acceleration

250 Newtons 250 N 50 kg 40 m/s 5 m/s2
250 Newtons 250 N 100 kg 40 m/s 2.50 m/s2
250 Newtons 250 N 200 kg 40 m/s 1.25 m/s2
5. What happened with the acceleration when the object was twice as large?
If the mass of the object was doubled, the acceleration is halved.

Part 2. Mass is fixed

Forces Sum of Forces Masses Speed Acceleration

100 Newtons 100 N 80 kg 20 m/s 1.25 m/s2
200 Newtons 200 N 80 kg 40 m/s 2.50 m/s2
400 Newtons 400 N 80 kg 40 m/s 5.00 m/s2

6. What happened with the acceleration when the force was doubled?
When the force was doubled the acceleration was also doubled.

7. Based on the data you have recorded (note: formula is derived from the tables), answer the
following:
a) How do you compute for force?
Force = _____mass_____ x _____acceleration______

b) How do you compute for acceleration?

Acceleration = force ❑ mass

❑

c) How do you compute for Mass?

Mass = force ❑ acceleration

❑
 8. How much force would the orange man need to use for the 200kg Fridge to accelerate at 5m/s 2?
Use the simulation to support your answer and present your solution on a separate sheet.

Simulation:
Computation:

F = ma = 200 kg (5 m/s2) = 1 000 N

Your observations about the relationship of force, mass and acceleration explains the Second Law of
Motion. You have studied that this law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force
is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and
inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Applying your knowledge about the formula of Newton’s Second Law of Motion and kinematics, kindly
open this link Force-Mass and Acceleration. Go to “Relationship to Kinematics Formula” and read the
discussion then follow the sample problems.

As an assessment, show your solutions (answers are already given, you only need to show the
solutions) to numbers 6 to 8 on this link Lessson 003 Newton’s Second Law Worksheet . You may use
a separate sheet.

11 m m
#6)
a=
( V f −Vi )
=
[( )
s
2−0
s ] =1.83
m #7)
time 12 s s
2

3m m
a=
( V f −Vi )
=
( s )−( 0 )
s
=0.73
m
time 4.1 s s2

m
ave velocity=( displacement ❑ time)=
( 3+0 )
s
=d ❑ 4.1 s
❑ 2 ❑

m
d=1.5 ( 4.1 s )=6.1 meters
s

#8 The same concept applies with weight and many people confuse mass with weight. Mass is the
property of an object itself whereas weight is a force with the influence of gravity. Observe the difference
of mass and weight of a car in different planets by watching this video BCLN - Mass and Weight on the
Moon and Other Planets.
9. Compute for mass and weight in different planets by completing the table. Place your
computations on a separate sheet.
Object Gravity (m/s2) Mass (kg) Weight (N)
Man 1.6 75kgs 120 N
Truck 25 m/s2 1600 40 000
Cart 25 9.8 kg 245N

As a supplement to the lesson mass and weight, you might want to open the Podcast_Forces_Weight
which presents a short movie of "Orville and Wilbur Wright. This presents how weight force is affecting
the flight in airplanes.

It is undeniable that the Law of Acceleration is applied to a lot of real life applications. It again supports
our awareness of road safety, sports and etc. To have a deeper understanding about how this law is
applied, kindly open the link Applications of Newton's Second Law of Motion

Apply in Real Life

A roller coaster, a modern invention that uses the laws of motion to

thrilling ends, is one of the use of Newton’s Laws of Motion. Roller
coasters, with their twists, turns, and loops seem to defy everything we
know about how people and objects move. Roller coaster designers,
however, simply use Newton’s laws to push people past their usual limits. With your knowledge about
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/new-us-roller-
Newton’s Second Law of Motion, coasters-for-2017/index.html

how is this law applied in the design of roller coaster?

Answers may vary. The following concepts should be mentioned in their explanation:

a) acceleration due to gravitational force

b) centripetal force
c) weight
d) inertia
e) height
f) etc.
As a review to the concepts of the Second Law of Motion, kindly open the link Physics - Newton's
Second Law of Motion

DAY 4
TOPIC 3: Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Rocket propulsion is also a common example of Newton's Third Law. The law states that for every action
there is an equal and opposite re-action.

To start, open the PHET simulation on this link forces-and-motion-basics_en. This is about the game tug-
o-war. Briefly explore this simulation by clicking around and manipulating the players. Place various blue
and red players on either side of the rope. Click “Go” to play tug-o-war with the players. Explore different
combinations and placements of players. Notice the reset button in the bottom right hand corner.

10. How do you make the blue team win?

The Blue team was made to win by placing a bigger or stronger person to pull the rope than the
Red team.

11. How do you make the red team win?

To make the Red team win, the strategy was reversed by placing a stronger or bigger person to
pull the rope of the Red team than that of the Blue team.

12. How do you make neither team win?

To allow neither of the two teams to win, equal size, number and positions of persons were placed
on both the Red and Blue teams.

13. How does this show Newton’s 3rd Law?

This simulation showed the Law of Interaction by demonstrating the action and reaction of the
two opposing teams depending on the amount of force (size of person/s) assigned to each team.
Thus, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

From the activity, we already had an idea about the action-reaction pairs as stressed in Newton’s
Third Law. There are a lot more examples of this law. Open and read on this link Newton's 3rd
Law. Use the information provided to help answer the questions below.
 14. Describe what happens when you bump a car from the perspective of the 3rd Law.

When I bumped the car, I would feel the impact of contact for the car would also exerted an equal
amount of force towards me.

15. Suppose you just had a boat ride in Burnham Lake and you suddenly jumped from the boat
onto a dock. Describe what happens from the perspective of the 3rd Law

Considering the perspective of the 3rd Law of Newton, the boat would also move opposite to my
jumping direction as a result I may not be able to land safely on the dock.

Now that you have already a good grasp of the last law, you might like to answer tricky questions
concerning this law.

1. While driving down the road, a fly strikes the windshield of a bus and makes a quite obvious
mess in front of the face of the driver. This is a clear case of Newton's third law of motion. The
firefly hit the bus and the bus hits the firefly. Which of the two forces is greater: the force on the
firefly or the force on the bus? Why?

The two forces exerted equal amount of force considering their mass and acceleration. For the
firely, it is light but moves very fast. Meanwhile, the bus is heavy but moves slower.

2. When Ronda Rousey got kicked in the face, explain the interaction pair? If the force
exerted by the foot is 50 Newtons, how would you explain the impact on the face of Ronda
Rousey?

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/581bf2b26e3219f9329dc918/newton%27s-3rd-law

When Rousey was kicked in the face, her face and neck also interacted against the foot of ther
opponent by opposing the force. If her face and neck cannot without the force of the kick, her entire
body may react buy being thrown away or worse she gets unconscious after the kick in the face.

http://www.perkinselearning.org/accessible-
Apply in Real Life
A lot of astronomers question Newton’s Third Law of Motion as one of the governing laws of the
attraction forces between the Earth and the Moon. You are the most credible astronomer, thus you were
asked to validate or invalidate the problem. What will you tell them?
As an astronomer, I would present another universal law that is, Law on Universal Gravitation whereby
“Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them” to explain the attraction
between the Earth and the moon. Thus, it is more related to the non-contact forces than the contact forces
of the 3rd law of motion of Newton. However, it also shows how two objects exerts opposing forces
against each other considering their distance to each other and masses.

As a review to the concepts of the Third Law of Motion, kindly open the link Newton's Third Law of
Motion: Action and Reaction