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4.1 - Worksheet

Water is a renewable resource that circulates through the hydrological cycle. The cycle involves evaporation and transpiration of water from oceans, lakes, and vegetation into the atmosphere. Water vapor condenses to form clouds and precipitation falls back to the Earth's surface, where some infiltrates soils and replenishes groundwater, and some runs off into streams, rivers, and lakes, eventually returning to the oceans, to complete the cycle. Human activities like agriculture, deforestation, and irrigation can impact surface runoff and infiltration rates and alter the natural cycle.

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98 views4 pages

4.1 - Worksheet

Water is a renewable resource that circulates through the hydrological cycle. The cycle involves evaporation and transpiration of water from oceans, lakes, and vegetation into the atmosphere. Water vapor condenses to form clouds and precipitation falls back to the Earth's surface, where some infiltrates soils and replenishes groundwater, and some runs off into streams, rivers, and lakes, eventually returning to the oceans, to complete the cycle. Human activities like agriculture, deforestation, and irrigation can impact surface runoff and infiltration rates and alter the natural cycle.

Uploaded by

Akshitha Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IBDP ESS 4.

1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER SYSTEMS Year 2

1. Flows in the hydrological cycle include evapotranspiration, sublimation, evaporation,


condensation, convection, precipitation, melting, freezing, flooding, surface runoff, infiltration,
percolation, and stream-flow or currents. Provide meaning for the highlighted terms.

Evapotranspiration - water evaporates from plants, mainly through their leaves. This gets water vapor back into the
air.

Sublimation - the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage.
Used to describe the process of snow and ice changing into water vapor in the air without first melting into water.

Evaporation - the process of changing water from liquid to gas. Only fresh water makes its way up to the clouds, as
ocean water leaves behind salt, minerals and metals when it evaporates.

Condensation - the process of changing water from gas to liquid.. As water vapour rises, it becomes cooler and
changes back into tiny liquid water droplets. These merge together to form clouds.

Advection - Transport of an atmospheric property by the wind. This horizontal transport or transfer of a quality such
as heat and cold from one point to another. Advective transfers occur either in the oceans by currents of seawater or
by large-scale movement in the atmosphere where humidity (atmospheric moisture) is another important property.
In both cases a major example is the transport of cold air or water masses from the polar regions to lower latitudes.

Precipitation - when rain, snow, sleet or hail falls from the sky. Depending on the air temperature, water can take a
liquid form (rain), or a solid form (snow, sleet or hail).

Melting - the process by which ice or snow changes into water

Freezing - the process by which water changes from liquid to solid


IBDP ESS 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER SYSTEMS Year 2

2. Using the words on the worksheet label the water (hydrological) cycle diagram.

Highlight the storages and flows in different colours

Ocean Transport Evapotranspiration

Human management Infiltration Ice and Snow

Groundwater (aquifer) Lake Condensation

Reference: A system is comprised of storages and flows.


The flows provide inputs and outputs of energy and matter.
The flows are processes that may be either transfers (a change in location) or transformations (a change in
the chemical nature, a change in state or a change in energy).
In system diagrams, storages are usually represented as rectangular boxes and flows as arrows, with the
direction of each arrow indicating the direction of each flow. The size of the boxes and the arrows may be
representative of the size/magnitude of the storage or flow.

Surface run-off Percolation River Discharge

Evaporation Stream flow Precipitation

3.
Describe the Earth’s water Budget.
IBDP ESS 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER SYSTEMS Year 2

4. How do human activities such as agriculture, deforestation and irrigation have a significant impact on
surface runoff and infiltration?

Agriculture- Tillage of land changes the infiltration and runoff characteristics of the land surface, which affects
recharge to ground water, delivery of water and sediment to surface-water bodies, and evapotranspiration.

Applications of pesticides and fertilizers to cropland can result in significant additions of contaminants to water
resources.
Point sources of contamination to surface-water bodies are an expected side effect of urban development. If a
contaminant is soluble in water and reaches the water table, the contaminant will be transported by the slowly
moving ground water. If the source continues to supply the contaminant over a period of time- non point

Deforestation leads to the decreasing of interception and infiltration, because there are not trees to trap rainfall The
erosive power is enhanced by the running water. Because there are few trees, lesser roots of vegetation bind the soil
particles. This makes to the increase of soil erosion. Moreover, sediment yields in rivers increase. The river is silted
up. Finally, the river is risk to be flooded. This is the result of the raise of riverbed and reducing carrying capacity of
the channel.

5. Justify whether water is renewable or non-renewable resource.

6. Ocean circulation systems are driven by differences in temperature and salinity. The resulting difference
in water density drives the ocean conveyor belt, which distributes heat round the world, and thus affects
climate.
IBDP ESS 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER SYSTEMS Year 2

a. Label each of the currents on the blank ocean currents map by writing the name next to the arrow.

b. Choose two different colored pencils. Shade in the arrows that represent the cold-water currents in
one color and the warm-water currents in another color.

c. Include a key to identify which colors represent the cold and warm currents.

Number Name of Surface Current Characteristic Temperature of


Water Transported by Current

1 Kuroshio Current warm

2 California Current cold

3 East Australian Current warm

4 Antarctic Circumpolar Current cold

5 Peru Current (Humboldt) cold

6 Gulf Stream warm

7 Canary Current cold

8 Brazil Current warm

9 Benguela Current cold

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