AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Introduction To Electric Circuit Lab
Fall 2023-2024
Section: N, Group:06

LAB REPORT ON

Study of Thevenin’s Theorem

Supervised By

DR. MD. KABIRUZZAMAN

Submitted By

Name ID Contribution

1. Meer Mursalin 23-50298-1 Experimental Procedure, result

& calculation

Procedure, Discussion ,
2. Mostafa Seum 23-50299-1
conclusion
3. MD. Sakib Hasan 23-50316-1 Analysis and Calculation,
Discussion , Experimental
Data,
4. Md Abdur Rahman Shahed 23-51741-2 Calculations & Discussion

Date of Submission: 13-Oct-2023

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1

Introduction:

Thevenin’s theorem is a very powerful circuit analysis technique. It can convert complex circuits to a
simpler series equivalent circuit for easier analysis. Analysis involves removing part of the circuit across
two terminals to aid calculation, later combining the circuit with the Thevenin equivalent circuit.

Theory and Methodology:

The Thevenin Theorem is a process by which a complex circuit is reduced to an equivalent series
circuit consisting of a single voltage source, VTH, a series resistance RTH and a load resistance, RL.
After creating the Thevenin equivalent circuit, you may then easily determine the load voltage VL
and the load current IL.

Apparatus:

1. Trainer Board
2. Voltmeter
3. Ammeter
4. AVO meter or Multimeter
5. DC source
6. Resistors
7. Potentiometer.

Experimental Procedure:

1. For figure 2, separate the portion of the circuit for which Thevenin’s equivalent circuit will be
determined by removing load resistor RL between points a and b.
2. Remove any voltage source by a short circuit and replace any current source by an open
circuit.
3. Determine the Thevenin equivalent resistance RTH between points a and b.
4. Now return any sources to their original position and determine the open circuit voltage
between the terminals and b. This is the Thevenin equivalent voltage.
5. Complete the circuit in figure 2 by returning load resistor RL. Measure voltage across and
current through RL.
6. Construct the Thevenin Equivalent circuit. Measure voltage across and current through RL
again to verify the Thevenin’s theorem.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 2

Simulation and Measurement:

Simulation:

Figure:1 (measuring Eth)

Figure:2 (measuring Rth)

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 3

Calculation:

R1 R2
2.246 k 3.373 k

E
1.654 V RL
A B
1.215 k

R3 R4
3.356 k 1.222 k

A B

R1 R3 R2 R4
2.246 3.356 3.373 k 1.222 k

A B

R1ll3 R2ll4
1.3455 k 0.897k

R(1ll3) = 1.3455KΩ and R(2ll4) = 0.897KΩ

∴RTh = R(1ll3) + R(2ll4) =1.3455+0.897 = 2.246KΩ

Now,

(5×2.246) (5×3.356)
VA = =1.99V and VB = = 3.665V
(2.246+3.356) (3.356+1.22)

ETh= VAB= VB – VA = 3.3665 – 1.99 = 1.66V

Result:
ETh=1.666V

And RTh =2.243KΩ

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 4
 Data table:

Thevenin Equivalent Voltage Thevenin Equivalent Resistance

(Eth) (Rth)

Measured Value Calculated Value Measured Value Calculated Value

1.666V 1.66V 2.243KΩ 2.246KΩ

Load Voltage (VL) Current (IL)

Measured Value Calculated Value Measured Value Calculated Value

(Experimental) (Experimental)
For Compete 2.24V 2.24V 0.98mA 0.995mA
Circuit
For Thevenin 1.66V 1.45V 0.67mA 0.63mA
Equivalent
Circuit

1. Verify Thevenin Theorem for the following circuit:

• The Thevenin Theorem states that any linear circuit can be replaced with an
equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source (Thevenin voltage) and a series
resistor (Thevenin resistance). To verify this, compare the values of Thevenin
equivalent voltage (Eth) and resistance (Rth) obtained from the experiment to those
calculated theoretically. In your table:

• Measured Eth = 1.666V, Calculated Eth = 1.66V

• Measured Rth = 2.243KΩ, Calculated Rth = 2.246KΩ

• The measured and calculated values are quite close, which suggests that the circuit
follows Thevenin's Theorem reasonably well.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 5

 2. Verify the measured value of total circuit current with theoretical value:
• To verify the measured total circuit current, you need to compare the experimental
values with the theoretical values for both the complete circuit and the Thevenin
equivalent circuit. In your table:

• For the Complete Circuit:

• Measured VL = 2.24V, Calculated VL = 2.24V

• Measured IL = 0.98mA, Calculated IL = 0.995mA

• For the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit:

• Measured VL = 1.66V, Calculated VL = 1.45V

• Measured IL = 0.67mA, Calculated IL = 0.63mA

• The measured and calculated values are reasonably close for the complete circuit.
However, there is a larger discrepancy between the measured and calculated values
for the Thevenin equivalent circuit.

3. Comment on the result as a whole:

• The results indicate that the circuit's behavior follows Thevenin's Theorem quite
closely for the complete circuit, as the measured and calculated values of voltage
and current are in good agreement. However, for the Thevenin equivalent circuit,
there seems to be a larger discrepancy, especially in the calculated current (IL). This
might be due to various factors such as measurement errors, component tolerances,
or assumptions made in the theoretical calculations.

Discussion:

1. Prior to commencing the experiment, an assessment of the trainer board and multimeter's
functionality was conducted.
2. The resistor was positioned in accordance with the diagram's specifications.
3. The voltage magnitude was incrementally raised to prevent potential resistor damage from
excessive voltage.
4. Subsequently, all acquired data was meticulously recorded in the data table, culminating in the
derivation of a result based on the provided equation.

Conclusion:

In this experiment, the data and findings were analyzed to assess the degree to which the
experiment conformed to its initially established goals. The study involved enhancements to
the methodology, exploration, and description of Thevenin's Theorem through measurements,
conversions, and circuit calculations.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 6

Reference(s):

1. Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, Prentice Hall, 12th Edition, New York,
2010, ISBN 9780137146666.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 7