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Umer Practical 1

This experiment uses a potentiometer and thermistor in a voltage divider configuration connected to an Arduino board to measure temperature. A thermistor's resistance changes with temperature, allowing its resistance to be measured and correlated to temperature. The experiment measures the thermistor's resistance at various temperatures, plots a calibration graph, and uses the Arduino to read and calculate temperature based on thermistor resistance. This simple thermistor circuit provides an effective way to measure temperature through resistance variations.

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Abdullah Zubair
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23 views5 pages

Umer Practical 1

This experiment uses a potentiometer and thermistor in a voltage divider configuration connected to an Arduino board to measure temperature. A thermistor's resistance changes with temperature, allowing its resistance to be measured and correlated to temperature. The experiment measures the thermistor's resistance at various temperatures, plots a calibration graph, and uses the Arduino to read and calculate temperature based on thermistor resistance. This simple thermistor circuit provides an effective way to measure temperature through resistance variations.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Zubair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment # 1

Using the potentiometer and resistor to make a thermistor

Objective:
In this practical using the potentiometer as an analog input in Arduino Uno to observe the
measure value of Resistor and different Temperatures

Apparatus:
 Potentiometer
 Arduino UNO R3 board
 Bread board
 Jumper wires
 Arduino IDE
Theory:
A thermistor is a specialized resistor whose electrical resistance varies significantly with
temperature. There are two main types: negative temperature coefficient (NTC) and positive
temperature coefficient (PTC). In NTC thermistors, resistance decreases as temperature rises,
while PTC thermistors exhibit an increase in resistance with temperature.
The basic principle of a thermistor lies in its property of exhibiting a significant change in
electrical resistance in response to changes in temperature. Thermistors are typically made
from semiconductor materials with characteristics that cause their resistance to vary
nonlinearly with temperature.
Circuit Diagram:
Fig 1 :Measurement with LDR

Procedure:
 Write the code on Arduino Ide software for the required information and instruction.
 Connect the Arduino Board to the laptop and upload the Program.
 Connect the thermistor ,potentiometer, and a fixed resistor in a voltage divider configuration
 Connect the voltage divider to an Arduino analog input pin.
 Read the analog voltage using Arduino's analogRead() function.
 Use the analog voltage and the Arduino's ADC resolution to calculate the thermistor resistance.

Code:
const int analogPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to the voltage divider

const int referenceResistance = 10000; // Reference resistance value of the thermistor

const int potentiometerResistance = 10000; // Resistance of the potentiometer

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {

int sensorValue = analogRead(analogPin);

// Calculate the thermistor resistance using the voltage divider formula

float thermistorResistance = (float)potentiometerResistance / (1023.0 / sensorValue - 1.0);

// Use a Steinhart-Hart equation or lookup table to convert resistance to temperature

float temperature = calculateTemperature(thermistorResistance);


Serial.print("Sensor Value: ");

Serial.print(sensorValue);

Serial.print(", Thermistor Resistance: ");

Serial.print(thermistorResistance);

Serial.print(" ohms, Temperature: ");

Serial.println(temperature);

delay(1000);

float calculateTemperature(float thermistorResistance) {

// Implement your temperature calculation logic here

// You can use the Steinhart-Hart equation or other methods

// Placeholder: Linear approximation for demonstration purposes

float temperature = 25.0 + (thermistorResistance - referenceResistance) / 100.0;

return temperature;

Observation and Calculation:

Temperature Resistance Beta factor β Resistance


(273K-300K) 25 Celsius R
273 10000 3328.41 27966.96674
274 10000 3328.41 26749.81785
275 10000 3328.41 25593.92155
276 10000 3328.41 24495.81278
277 10000 3328.41 23452.24285
278 10000 3328.41 22460.16468
279 10000 3328.41 21516.71919
280 10000 3328.41 20619.22267
281 10000 3328.41 19765.155
282 10000 3328.41 18952.14885
283 10000 3328.41 18177.97953
284 10000 3328.41 17440.55562
285 10000 3328.41 16737.91028
286 10000 3328.41 16068.19314
287 10000 3328.41 15429.66278
288 10000 3328.41 14820.67969
289 10000 3328.41 14239.69983
290 10000 3328.41 13685.2685
291 10000 3328.41 13156.01469
292 10000 3328.41 12650.64587
293 10000 3328.41 12167.94305
294 10000 3328.41 11706.75618
295 10000 3328.41 11265.99996
296 10000 3328.41 10844.64977
297 10000 3328.41 10441.73802
298 10000 3328.41 10056.35065
299 10000 3328.41 9687.623916
300 10000 3328.41 9334.741317
Table 7: Readings for Thermistor
Graph:
Figure 2: Calibrated Graph for Thermistor

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the practical application of a thermistor circuit with a potentiometer and resistor
allows for temperature sensing through variations in resistance. The potentiometer enables
calibration, adjusting the circuit for accurate temperature readings. This simple yet versatile
setup finds applications in temperature measurement and control systems, providing a cost-
effective and adaptable solution for diverse environments.

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