IOT HOME AUTOMATION

A Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics & Communication Department submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)

Major Project-I

Submitted by
Arushi Adhruj(0103EC201037) Archi Vatab(0103EC201035)

Divyanshu Gupta(0103EC201063) Piyush Mishra(0103EC201117)

Yash Shrivastava(0103EC201200)

under the supervision of

(Dr. Vijay Yadav) (Prof. Shraddha Shrivastava)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal

Session 2023 -2024

 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in this Project Report entitle
“IOT HOME SYSTEM ” has been satisfactorily completed by Arushi
Adhruj, Archi Vatab, Divyanshu Gupta, Piyush Mishra and Yash
Shrivastava. It is a bonafide piece of work, carried out under our
supervision and guidance in the Department of Electronics and
Communication, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, for
partial fulfilment of the Bachelor of Technology during the academic
year 2023-24.

Under supervision of

Dr. Vijay Yadav Prof. Shraddha Shrivastava

Approved By

-----------------------
Professor & Head
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering

Declaration
We, Arushi Adhruj, Archi Vatab, Divyanshu Gupta, Piyush Mishra and
Yash shrivastava, students of Bachelor of Engineering, Electronics and
Communication Department, Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of
Technology, Bhopal, hereby declare that the work presented in this Major
Project is outcome of our own work, is bonafide, correct to the best of our
knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Engineering
Ethics. The work presented does not infringe any patented work and has not
been submitted to any University for the award of any degree or any
professional diploma.

Arushi Adhruj Archi Vatab

0103EC201037 0103EC201035
Divyanshu Gupta
Piyush Mishra
0103EC201063
0103EC201117
Yash Shrivastava
0103EC201200

Date :
 Acknowledgement

Words shall never be able to pierce through the Gamut’s of emotions

that are suddenly exposed during the routine of our college life. We
would like to thank Dr. Vijay Yadav, Project Guide for guiding and
correcting us at each instant and for his continuous motivation. At
the same time we would also like to thank Prof. Shraddha
Shrivastava, Project Incharge of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, for her well-wishes and also to provide his kind support
and valuable knowledge on the subject from time to time. We
express our heart-felt thankfulness to Dr. Soni Changlani, H.O.D. of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, LNCT, Bhopal for her
unfailure inspiration, whole hearted co-operation and constant
encouragement throughout the progress of the dissertation and
incisive comments gave immense confidence to complete the work.
Also, we are grateful to Dr. Ashok Kumar Rai, Director of
Administration, LNCT for providing us a positive learning
environment and to Principal, LNCT for giving us a chance to fulfil our
potential.

Arushi Adhruj(0103EC201037) Archi Vatab(0103EC201035)

Divyanshu Gupta(0103EC201063) Piyush Mishra(0103EC201117)

Yash Shrivastava(0103EC201200)
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CONTENTS
List of Abbreviation…............................7
List of Figures….................................8
List of Tables…................................9
Photographs of the Project…......................10.
Abstract…........................................11
Project Specification…...........................12
About us........................................13
Chapter 1: Introduction…...........................14
1.1 Block Diagram
1.2 Block Diagram Description
Chapter 2: Principle….............................16
Chapter 3: Circuit Details...........................17
3.1 Circuit Description
3.1.1 NodeMCU ESP8266
3.1.2 16X2 LCD Matrix
3.1.3 LED
3.1.4 Arduino IDE
3.2 Circuit Layout
3.3 Bill of Material
Chapter 4: Working…..............................24
Chapter 5: Source Code…..........................25
Chapter 6: Flowchart..............................26
Chapter 7: Breadboard Implementation…..........27
7.1 Breadboard Connections
7.2 Breadboard power supply
7.3 Types of Breadboards
Chapter 8: PCB Details…..........................31
8.1 Major Advantages of PCB
8.2 PCB Implementation

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8.3 Conclusion
Chapter 9: Simulation and Testing…....................38
Chapter 10: Result and Conclusion…...................39
Chapter 11: Expectation and Achievement…............40
Chapter 12: Shortcomings and Limitations…...........41
Chapter 13: Future Scope and Applications…..........43
Chapter 14: Ideas which could not be implemented…....45
Chapter 15: Literature Survey…........................46
References…........................................47
Annexure I: Presentation Slides….......................48
Annexure II: Impact on Society….......................52
Annexure III: Environment and stability…...............53

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. LCD……………….Liquid Crystal Display

2. LED……………… Light Emitting Diode
3. NodeMCU…………Node Micro Controller Unit
4. WIFI ………………Wireless Fidelity
5. IDE……………….Integrated Development Environment
6. USB……………….Universal Serial Bus
7. IOT……………….Internet of Things

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List of Figures

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List of Tables

1. Table 1 : Project Specifications

2. Table 3.3: Bill of Material

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PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROJECT

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ABSRACT

Internet of Things(IOT) conceptualizes he idea of remotely connecting and

monitoring real world objects through the internet. When it comes to our house,this
concept can be incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IOT
project focuses on a smart wireless home security system which sends alerts to the
owner by using Internet in case of any trespass and raises an alarm optionally.
Besides, the same can also be utilized for home automation by using same set of
sensors.
The Internet of Things (IOT) belief system looked as an exceptionally unique and
radically distributed networked system composed of a verylarge number of
identifiable smart objects. These objects can convey and interface among
themselves, with end-users ordifferent elements inthesystem.

The proposed system reduces the resources like manpower and time. Inthis
project, IOT technology has been adopted in which internet used asa tool
to connect and exchange the data among the different types of devices.

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PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

S.No. Parameter Value

1. Bulb 230 volts AC

2. Relay 5 volts

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ABOUT US

My name is Arushi Adhruj . I am pursuing Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics and Communication from Lakshmi Narain College Of
Technology, Bhopal. My current GPA is 9.34. I am a hardworking fresher
seeking for an Opportunity to work in a fun and challenging environment .

My name is Archi Vatab. I am pursuing Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics and Communication from Lakshmi Narain College Of
Technology, Bhopal. My current GPA is 8.9. I am a hardworking fresher
seeking for an Opportunity to work in a fun and challenging environment

My name is Divyanshu Gupta. I am pursuing Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics and Communication from Lakshmi Narain College Of
Technology, Bhopal. My current GPA is 8.57. I am a hardworking fresher
seeking for an Opportunity to work in a fun and challenging environment

My name is Deepak Dangi. I am pursuing Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics and Communication from Lakshmi Narain College Of
Technology, Bhopal. My current GPA is 8.38. I am a hardworking fresher
seeking for an Opportunity to work in a fun and challenging environment

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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

We live in an exciting time where more and more everyday

things are becoming smart. Appliances have sensors and can
communicate to other things and can provide control to more
things. The Internet of Things, IoT, is in a huge way and
people are rapidly inventing new gadgets that enhances lives.
The price of microcontrollers with the ability to talk over a
network keeps dropping and developers can now tinker and
build things inexpensively. IoT based home automation project
is done using low cost ESP8266 Espino ESP-12 WiFi Module,
It uses relays and few simple components, four electrical
devices can be controlled and temperature can be monitored .
ESP-12 is low cost module is used here. Homes of the
21st century will become more and more self - controlled and
automated due to the comfort it provides, especially when
employed in a private home. A home automation system is a
means that allow users to control electric appliances of varying
kind.Many existing, well- established home automation
systems are based on wired communication. This does not pose
a problem until the system is planned well in advance and
installed during the physical construction of the building. But
for already existing buildings the implementation cost goes very
high. In contrast, Wireless systems can be of great help for
automation systems. With the advancement of wireless
technologies such as Wi-Fi, cloud networks in the recent past,
wireless systems are used every day and everywhere.

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Internet of things is a growing network of everyday objectfrom

industrial machine to consumer goods that can share information
and complete tasks while everybody is busy with other
activities. Wireless Home Automation system(WHAS) using
IoT is a system that uses computers or mobile devices to control
basic home functions and features automatically through internet
from anywhere around the world.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Chapter 2: PRINCIPLE

IOT or internet of things is an upcoming technology that allows

us to control hardware devices through the internet. Here we
propose to use IOT in order to control home appliances, thus
automating modern homes through the internet. This system
uses three loads to demonstrate as house lighting and a fan. Our
user friendly interface allows a user to easily control these home
appliances through the internet. For this system we use an AVR
family microcontroller. This microcontroller is interfaced with a
wifi modem to get user commands over the internet. Also we
have an LCD display to display system status. Relays are used to
switch loads. The entire system is powered by a 12 V
transformer. After receiving user commands over the internet,
microcontroller processes these instructions to operate these
loads accordingly and display the system status on an LCD
display. Thus this system allows for efficient home automation
over the internet.

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Chapter 3: CIRCUIT DETAILS

3.1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

To make IOT Based Home automation using node mcu, we

need to interface 16X2 LCD Display with NodeMCU
ESP8266 Board. So, the circuit diagram with detailed
connection is given below.

We need following connections between NodeMCU & LCD

Display.
1. RS pin of LCD — D0 pin of NodeMCU
2. EN pin of LCD — D1 pin of NodeMCU
3. D4 pin of LCD — D2 pin of NodeMCU
4. D5 pin of LCD — D3 pin of NodeMCU
5. D6 pin of LCD — D4 pin of NodeMCU
6. D7 pin of LCD — D5 pin of NodeMCU
Similarly connect pin 1, 5, 16 of LCD to GND & Pin 2, 15 to
5V VCC. A 10K Potentiometer should be used at pin 3 of LCD
to adjust the contrast. The whole device operates at 5V.

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3.1.1 NodeMCU ESP8266

NodeMCU is an open-source platform based on ESP8266

which can connect objects and let data transfer using the Wi-Fi
protocol. In addition, by providing some of the most important
features of microcontrollers such as GPIO, PWM, ADC, and
etc., it can solve many of the project’s needs alone.
The general features of this board are as follows:
• Easy to use

• Programmability with Arduino IDE or IUA languages

• Available as an access point or station

• practicable in Event-driven API applications

• Having an internal antenna

Containing 13 GPIO pins, 10 PWM channels, I2C, SPI,
•

ADC, UART, and 1-Wire

3.1.2 16X2 LCD MATRIX

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display

module and has a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display

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is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices

and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per
line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is
displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric
dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different characters
and symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and
Data.
Command registers stores various commands given to the display.
Data register stores data to be displayed. The process of
controlling the display involves putting the data that form the
image of what you want to display into the data registers, then
putting instructions in the instruction register. Contrast of the
display can be adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer.

3.1.3 LED

In the simplest terms, a light-emitting diode (LED) is a

semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is
passed through it. Light is produced when the particles that carry
the current (known as electrons and holes) combine together

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within the semiconductor material.

Since light is generated within the solid semiconductor material,
LEDs are described as solid-state devices. The term solid-state
lighting, which also encompasses organic LEDs (OLEDs),
distinguishes this lighting technology from other sources that
use heated filaments (incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps)
or gas discharge (fluorescent lamps).
Inside the semiconductor material of the LED, the electrons and
holes are contained within energy bands. The separation of the
bands (i.e., the bandgap) determines the energy of the photons
(light particles) that are emitted by the LED.
The photon energy determines the wavelength of the emitted
light, and hence its color. The precise wavelength (color) can be
tuned by altering the composition of the light-emitting, or active,
region.
LEDs are comprised of compound semiconductor materials,
which are made up of elements from group III and group V of
the periodic table (these are known as III-V materials).
Examples of III-V materials commonly used to make LEDs
are gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP).

Until the mid-90s LEDs had a limited range of colors, and in

particular commercial blue and white LEDs did not exist. The
development of LEDs based on the gallium nitride (GaN)
material system completed the palette of colors and opened up
many new applications.
The main semiconductor materials used to manufacture LEDs
are:
• Indium gallium nitride (InGaN): blue, green and ultraviolet
high brightness LEDs

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• Aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP): yellow,

orange and red high-brightness LEDs
• Aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs): red and infrared LEDs
• Gallium phosphide (GaP): yellow and green LEDs.

3.2 CIRCUIT LAYOUT

The hardware used in this project are:

1. NodeMCU
2. Jumper Wires
3. Zero PCB
4. 10K Port
5. Soldering Wire
6. Buzzer
7. Transistor
8. Resistor
9. LCD 16X2 Matrix

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BILL OF MATERIAL

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Chapter 4: WORKING
The Home Automation System is operating with NodeMCU ESP8266 controller
and the command is given by the Blynk application in a mobile phone using
the WiFi network. The NodeMCU ESP8266 has an inbuilt WiFi module and
the devices connected with Home Automation System. Both WiFi is connected
with an authentication token.
The heart of today’s project is the WiFi enabled board that needs no introduction to
the ESP8266 based NodeMCU_development board. It is an open source
platform for developing WiFi based embedded systems and it is based on the
popular ESP8266 WiFi module, running the NodeMCU firmware. NodeMCU was
born out of the desire to overcome the limitations associated with the first versions
of the ESP8266 module which was not compatible with breadboards. It was
difficult to power and even more difficult to program. The NodeMCU board is
easy to use. Low cost and that quickly endeared it to the heart of makers and it
is one of the most popular boards today. For this project two channel relay modules
are added to the ESP8266 board. The project flow involves the control of
NodeMCU’s GPIO from a webpage on any device connected on the same network
as the board. The status of the GPIO’s control the coil of the relays and causes
the relay to alternate between normally open(NO) and normally close(NC)
condition depending on the state of the GPIO, thus effectively turning the
connected appliance “ ON” or “
OFF”.
Now the operation is gone by giving supply either Micro USB or Vin, GND. It
can operate by Blynk application in mobile phone i.e., Android or iPhone by
manual and via Google Assistant with voice. The Hardware is well operated
according to our action.

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Chapter 5: SOURCE CODE

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Chapter 6: FLOWCHART

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Chapter 7: BREAD BOARD IMPLEMENTATION

A breadboard is a rectangular board with many mounting holes.

They are used for creating electrical connections between
electronic components and single board
computers or microcontrollers such as Arduino and Raspberry
Pi. The connections aren’t permanent and they can be removed
and placed again. In fact, you can even replace components to
customize your project or work on a completely different one,
using the same breadboard.
The vertical columns of the breadboard are called terminals,
while the horizontal long rows are called power rails because
they are mostly used to connect the power supply to the
breadboard. The positive rails are indicated by red lines, while
the negative rails are indicated by black ones.
Breadboards are used to help you connect components to
complete your basic circuit. The reason it's called breadboard,
dates back to when electronics components were much bigger
and people would actually use wooden breadboards (boards used
to cut bread) to connect electronic circuits. Fortunately, things
have changed since then and only the name has been retained.

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7.1 BREADBOARD CONNECTIONS

A breadboard connection with an electronic component is made

with the help of leg-like structures made of metal. These are
called “leads”, and they can vary in size. The shorter ones are
often referred to as pins. So, if your electronic component has
leads, it can be connected directly to the breadboard. DIP-based
(that's dual inline package) integrated circuits are built to fit
perfectly into a breadboard, with each pin fitting over a
breadboard hole.

These leads can be pushed into the holes that are designed to
hold them in place and prevent them from getting loose or
falling out of the breadboard. You can even turn the breadboard
upside down and these connections wouldn’t come off. They are
tight enough to insert and remove, but not enough for
breadboard connections to come off on their own.

The tightness comes from the fact that breadboards have small
metal clips hidden under these holes, which hold everything in
place. They basically grab onto the leads that you insert. Other
than that, breadboards usually have a backing layer as well, to
hold the clips themselves in place. This backing layer is
normally made of a double-sided tape. One side of the tape is
usually covered to prevent the sticky layer from being exposed.

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7.2 BREADBOARD POWER SUPPLY

There are plenty of ways to supply power to a breadboard. For

starters, you can always borrow power from development boards
such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi. Arduino boards come with
female headers from which power can be sourced. You have a
range of pins for ground and power that can be connected to a
breadboard’s power rows. The Arduino board itself receives
power from an external power source that is connected to the
circuit. This could be a battery or even a wall unit.

Apart from that, you have binding posts on certain breadboards.

These posts first need to be connected to the board using
jumper cables and then, you connect wires to the binding posts.
Other than that, you have breadboard power supply options
such as benchtop power supply and special power supply units
built exclusively for breadboards. These units usually come as
part of a breadboard kit. Some of them let you draw power
directly from a wall unit or through your computer via the USB
port.
One of the commonly used breadboard power supply modules is
a circuit board that is connected to the top of a breadboard. This
module provides power via the breadboard’s power rails. These
modules can be either in 3.3 V or 5 V fixed dual output
regulated configurations. There are a few that come with
variable power supplies as well. This can be helpful if you need
over 5 V.

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7.3 TYPES OF BREAD BOARD

Today’s breadboards are made from all sorts of materials and

they vary in size and shape as well. Larger breadboards are great
for prototyping complex projects; mini breadboards are suited to
smaller ones.

However, if you were to divide breadboards into broader

categories, you would end up with two key types of breadboards
– solderless and soldered. Solderless breadboards are what we
have been discussing so far and they are the best option,
especially when you’re a beginner. They are called “solderless”
because there is no soldering required to create connections or
to hold things in place. For those who are wondering what
soldering is- it’s a method of connecting electronic components
together by melting a metal known as solder. The melted solder
conducts electricity, which helps create the circuit and it fuses
with the connected ends to hold the connection together.

Which brings us to the topic of soldered breadboards. These are

breadboards where the connections are soldered. There are no
metal clips to hold the leads. Soldered breadboards are rarely
used. In fact, soldering is mostly done on PCBs or Printed
Circuit Boards. Before that happens, engineers or technicians
will actually use a solderless breadboard for prototyping. They
move onto a soldered PCB only if the prototype is a success. So,
these are the two main breadboards you are likely to come
across.

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Chapter 8: PCB DETAILS

Printed circuit board (PCB) is a highly reliable and durable

physical circuit design that has become an essential component
of any electronic device. Printed circuit boards are made of a
very thin substrate board embedded with electronic
componentsinterconnected using thin-layer of copper
interconnecting traces.The board substrate is usually made of
fiberglass composite epoxy substrate or other laminate materials.
The circuit will contain both active and passive components.
With more advanced and smaller component availability it is
possible to accommodate a very large and complex circuit in a
small PCB design.

PCBs are of three types. Single side, Double side, and Multi-
layered boards. Single-sided boards have the components on
oneside of the substrate. Double side have components on both
sides. In a multi-layered board, multiple layers of printed circuits
are separated by insulation layers. In double-sided and multilayer
PCBs components are interconnected by drilling holes at
appropriate points and plating them with conducting materials.

MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF PCB

1. Smaller and Thinner in size

2. Highly customizable in design and application
3. Durable, Reliable and long life
4. Easy todebug andeasy torepair
5. Low cost

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PCB IMPLEMENTATION

Step 1: Requirement analysis and Component selection

The first step in PCB design is to analyze the requirement andselect

the appropriate components such as processor, powersupply. Create a
blueprint that fulfills all the requirements

Step 2: In-System Front enddesign

PCB layout is initially designed using a PCB design software. Altium

Designer, Autodesk EAGLE, KiCad EDA, OrCAD are some
commercially available software used for PCB design.

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Step 3: Photo tool Initiation

Next step is to run Design for Manufacture (DFM) check

beforecircuit boards fabrication starts. This is to avoid any
discrepancies in design. After this, a photo film is made to
imagethe PCB using a laser printer/plotter. Different layers of
the PCB photo film are aligned by punching precise registration
holes in each sheet of film. The film is created to help in
creatinga figure of copper path.

Step 4: Printing the inner layers

The substrate, usually a composite epoxy substrate is taken, cut,

cleaned and dried. Copper is pre-bonded on both sides of the
substrate. Cleanliness of the panel is the most important factor to
avoid short oropen circuit errors. The copper is coated with alayer
of photoresist, which then treated with UV light to harden it.
The film formed in the previous step is placed over the copper
layer and aligned using pin positions.

Later the panel is again UV treated. The dark areas on the film
do not allow UV light, thus the areas below dark areas of the
film are not hardened. While the light areas that are meant for
copper wiring are hardened.

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Step 5: Etching out the unwanted copper

The panel is then washed with analkaline solution to wash away

unhardened copper material. The desired copper layer is fully
protected beneath the hardened layer of photoresist.
Next, the photoresist that is over the copper layer is also removed. This,
in turn, leaves only the required copper layerintact.

Step 6: Register punching for layer alignment

The different layers are aligned and optically punched to create

registration holes. This will align the inner layers to the outer layers.

Step7: Automated optical inspection

After lamination, it is impossible to sort out errors in inner

layers. Hence the panel is subjected to automatic optical
inspection before bonding up and lamination. The machine
scans the layers using a laser sensor and compares it with the
original Gerber file tolist out discrepancies, if any.

Step 8: Layer up and Bond

The layers of the PCB panel are bonded together by

aluminium press plate. For double and multi later PCB further
copper foilsare pressed over original layers with insulating
layers placed in between and the etching process is repeated.
Finally, all the layers are laminated together to provide the final
shape to thePCB panel.

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Step 9: Drilling

The PCB stack is then drilled for holes. These holes are where
the electronic components of the PCB including via holes are
tobe placed and interconnected. Holes are drilled with a
diameter of approximately 100 to 150 microns. Precision is the
key to thedrilling process. Laser locator or X-Y coordinate
systems are used to achieve precision.
Step 10: Copper Deposition andPlatting

This step is to cover the entire panel with a fresh layer of copperafter
drilling. It bonds the panels and also covers the nonconductive materials
opened upafter drilling. A chemical electrolysis setup is used for
plating. The drill holes are covered with around 25 microns of copper to
ensure proper connection.

Step 11: Outer layer imaging and copper etching

Similar to step 3 a photoresist material is applied over the outer

copper layer and then they are imaged. Tin guard covering is
provided over therequired copper area asaprotection andthe
other unwanted copper is removed. PCB connections are
established after this step.

Step 12: Solder Mask Application

The board is now cleaned and the solder mask is applied.

Solder mask is to protect the board from copper oxidation,
damage, and corrosion. An Expoxy is applied along with a
solder mask which gives the usual green color to the board.
Unwanted soldermask is removed by exposure to UV light.
Then the board is oven-baked.

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Step 13: Gold or Silver surface finish

The PCB is then plated with gold, silver or lead-free HASL or

hot air solder leveling finish. This is done so that the
components areable to besoldered to the pads created andto
protect the copper.

Step14:Silkscreen

The silk-screening or profiling is the process of printing all of

the critical information on the PCB, such as manufacturer id,
company name component numbers, debugging points. This
stands useful while service and repair.

Step 15: Electrical test

Electrical test isdone using probe testers. Open andshort circuit

tests are performed. Electrical tests ensure functional reliability.
Durability testing are also performed after functional test.

Step 16: V-Scoring

The actual PCB is cut out from the manufactured panel. PCB
iscut out in specific sizes and shapes based upon the
customer design and asper the original Gerber file date.

V-cuts are made along the sides of the board which permits
theboard to easily pop out from the panel.

Step 17: Final inspection andpacking

PCB is subjected to final visual inspection and quality inspection.

Test reports are provided for customer verification. Vacuum
sealed or airbag/air pocket packaging is done to prevent any
physical damage to the boards.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 37 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

CONCLUSION

The Home automation using Internet of Things has been experimentally proven
to work satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and the appliances
were successfully controlled remotely through internet. The designed system not
only monitors the sensor data like temperature, gas, light, motion sensor but
also actuates a process according to the requirement. For example, the switch
gets dark. It also stores the sensor parameters in the cloud (Gmail) in a timely
manner. This will help the user to analyse the condition of various parameters in
the home anytime anywhere.

The home automation using Internet of Things has been experimentally proven to
work satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and the appliances were
successfully controlled remotely through Internet. Home automation is undeniably
a resource which can make a home environment automated. People can control
their electrical devices via these home automation devices and set up controlling
actions through mobile. In future this product may have high potential for
marketing. Further it can be demonstrated from computer instead of mobile phones
for controlling appliances of any large places like industries, hospitals, institutions
etc., centrally.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 38 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 9: SIMULATION AND TESTING

System testing is actually a series of different tests whose

primary purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system.
Although each test has a different purpose, all work to verify
that all the system elements have been properly integrated and
perform allocated functions.

The testing process is actually carried out to make sure that the
product exactly does the same thing what is supposed to do.

In the testing stage following goals are tried to achieve:-

→ To affirm thequality of theproject.

→ To find and eliminate any residual errors from previous stages.
→ To validate the software as a solution to the original problem.
→ To provide operational reliability of the system.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 39 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 10: RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The Home automation using Internet of Things has been

experimentally proven to work satisfactorily by connecting

simple appliances to it and the appliances were successfully

controlled remotely through internet. The designed system not

only monitors the sensor data like temperature, gas, light,

motion sensor but also actuates a process according to the

requirement. For example, the switch gets dark. It also stores

the sensor parameters in the cloud (Gmail) in a timely

manner. This will help the user to analyse the condition of

various parameters in the home anytime anywhere.

The home automation using Internet of Things has been experimentally

proven to work satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and
the appliances were successfully controlled remotely through Internet.
Home automation is undeniablya resource which can make a home
environment automated. People can control theirelectrical devices via
these home automation devices and set up controlling actions through
mobile. In future this product may have high potential for marketing.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 40 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 11: EXPECTATION AND ACHIEVEMENT

T h e Io T b a sed H o m e A u to m a tio n w il en a b le th e u ser

to u se a Hom e A u to m a tio n S ystem
b a sed on In tern et o f T h in g s (Io T ). T
h e m o d ern h o m es a re a u to m a ted th ro u g h th e in tern et
a n d th e h o m e a p p lia n ces a re co n tro led . T h e u ser co m m
a n d s o ver th e in tern et w il b e o b ta in ed b y th e W i-F i m
o d em s. T h e M icro co n tro ler h as a n in terfa ce w ith th is m
o d em . T h e system sta tu s is d isp la yed th ro u g h th
e LC D d isp la y, a lo n g w ith th e system d a ta . T h is
is a typ ica l Io T b a sed H o m e A u to m a tio n
system , fo r co n tro lin g a l yo u r h o m e a p p lia n ces. T h e
sm a rt h o m e m a rket is ta kin g o ff a s Io T d evice p rices co
m e d o w n a n d th e g en era lp u b lic co m es to u n d ersta n d th e
b en efits o f th ese p ro d u cts. A n d fro m sm a rt h o m
es, th e n ext lo g ica l step is sm a rt cities, w h ich w o u ld
ta ke th e Io T to th e n ext level. A n d yet,sm a rt h o m es a re
ju st o n e sm a l p a rt o f o u r d a ily lives th a t th e In tern et o
f T h in g s w il tra n sfo rm in th e co m in g yea rs.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 41 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 12: SHORTCOMINGS AND LIMITATIONS

In the world of technology, new developments can be so fast

that
predicting what may happen in the future can be redundant as it
appears
as soon as it is predicted. Although the future of smart home is
definitely
bright but we need to take a holistic view of these
developments,
understanding negative effects that such growth
creates.
Disadvantages of Home Automation:

1. Security Issues:

As with all computing devices, security will become a greater issue as

more people use smart home devices. Certainly there will be a range
of security concerns that arise and a subsequent mushrooming of
smart home security software and devices.

a) App security:Smart home devices are usually linked to companion

apps that can be used to control the devices. However, to do this they
are granted a range of permissions that influence the functionality of the
device, such as being able to open and close a smart lock that is
securing your home.
If hackers gain access to these apps then it could have considerable
security implications, as they will be able to control access to your
home.

b) Wireless security:Almost all smart devices derive their

functionality from some form of wireless communication (Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth). As with all digital communications, there is potential for
hackers to intercept wireless communications and use this to gain
access to your smart home devices. Wi-Fi is one of the most common
ways to connect to smart home devices, so it is important that you
protect your home Wi-Fi router as well as you can.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 42 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

c) Integrated systems:Some manufacturers offer integrated smart

home systems, where one system is used to control all of the smart
home devices. The obvious risk here is if hackers gain access to the
system then they can control everything in your smart home.

2. Cost: Extremely expensive:

Although a lot of smart home devices are now affordable for many,
but still it is extremely expensive to fully equip a home with smart
devices. However, most computing technology becomes progressively
more powerful & less expensive and
this will be undoubtedly applicable for smart home devices as well.
3. Greater acceptance:

A lot of new technology can sometimes be seen as unnecessary &

some people may currently view smart home devices in this way. But
in the same way that, over the years, we have seen devices such as
washing machines, microwave ovens & TV remote controls become
indispensable in the home, it is probable that in a few years, no one
will question the fact that they control their lights with a voice
command or
clean their home with a robotic vacuum cleaner.
Attacks on smart home devices are not unheard of, but they are
relatively rare. It is a personal choice to weigh up the security &
financial risks against the range of benefits that smart home devices
offer.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 43 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 13: FUTURE SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS

Using this system as a framework. The system can be expanded to

include various other options which could include home security
features like capturing the photo of a person moving around the house
and storing it onto the cloud. This will reduce the data storage that
using the CCTV camera which will record all the time and stores it.
The system can be expanded for energy monitoring or weather stations.
This kind of a system with respective changes can be implemented in
the hospitals for disable people or in industries where human invasion
is impossible or dangerous and it can also be implemented for
environmental monitoring.
Future scope for the home automation systems involves making homes
even smarter. Homes can be interfaced with sensors including
motion sensors, light sensors and temperature sensors and provide
automated toggling of devices based on conditions. Home
automation offers a global standard for interoperable products.
The home automation market is primarily driven by growing need for
effective solutions in various domestic applications such as lighting,
safety and security, energy management, entertainment, heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 44 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Applications :

● Lighting control
● Lawn/Gardening management
● Smart home appliances
● Improved home safety and security
● Home air quality and water quality monitoring
● Better infotainment delivery
● Most preferable language based voice assistant

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 45 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 14: IDEAS WHICH COULD NOT BE

IMPLEMENTED
1. Insufficient features and functionality
2. Too many home automation control apps
3. Lengthy delays during the construction of your project
4. Sub system suppliers lacking smart knowledge

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 46 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Chapter 15: LITERATURE SURVEY

There are several researches related to home Automation

Platform using IOT device. Along with this in the past, the
research on the IOT has been made along with the study on
various applications of internet of things. The growth of
Internet of Things (IOT) in future is totally depending upon us.

This paper has presented a design and prototype implementation of new

home automation system that uses WiFi technology as a network
infrastructure connecting its parts.

Hence they concluded that the required goals and objectives of home
automation system have been achieved. The system design and
architecture were discussed, and prototype presents the basic level of
home appliance control. and remote monitoring has been implemented.

Finally, their system is better from the scalability and flexibility point of
view than the commercially available home automation system.
This system is designed to be low cost and expandable allowing a
variety of devices to be controlled.
The home automation using Internet of Things has been experimentally
proven to work satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and
the appliances were successfully controlled remotely through internet.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 47 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

REFRENCES
1) Arduino Temperature Sensor Using LM35. Groups of
Electronics Hobbyist, Roboticist. We Developed Electronics
Project Tutorials Make Open for Everyone.
2) BOHORA, Bharat; MAHARJAN, Sunil; SHRESTHA, Bibek Raj.
IOT Based Smart Home Using Blynk Framework. Zerone Scholar, p.
26-30, Dec. 2016. ISSN 2542- 2774. google scholar.
3) DC-DC Step Down Converter Power Supply Provides
Regulated 5VDC Output with Range Input of 10-32VDC, Model
GTD21088L-1505-T2.
4) Home Automation Using Internet of Thing 2016 IEEE 7th
Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile
Communication Conference (UEMCON) Published: 2016.
Google Scholar.
5) Internet of Things in Home Automation and Energy Efficient
Smart Home Technologies Simon G. M. Koo Department of
Computer Engineering, Santa Clara University, CA 95053, USA
.
6) Low-Cost Implementation of Smart Home Automation Ravi
Kishore Kodali Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering National Institute of Technology, Warangal ,
506004 India.
7) Mobile based home automation using Internet of Things
(IoT) 2015 International Conference on Control,
Instrumentation, Communication and Computational
Technologies (ICCICCT) Published: 2015.
8) NodeMCU Features and Pinout. A Brief Tutorial on the
Introduction to NodeMCU V3.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 48 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Annexure I

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 49 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 50 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 51 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 52 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Annexure II

Impact onsociety

In recent years, due to substantial evolution in the field of consumer

electronics, the society is striving to optimize efficiency, energy
savings, green technology and environmental sustainability in their
daily lives at homes. Most of the people are controlling and monitoring
home appliances manually and therefore, facing lots of problems in
managing natural resources, cost, effort and security which lead
towards an un- comfortable and un-reliable life. Numerous ‘intelligent’
devices such as smartphones, tablets, air-conditioners, etc. have
promoted the key concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) based home
automation. Entrenched with technology, these devices can be distantly
monitored and controlled over the Internet at home and anywhere in the
world. Over the past few decades, global warming has become a severe
worldwide challenge. However, sustainable development and green
technology play an important role in climate change. The primary
purpose of this study is to save natural resources, reduce energy
consumption, and to understand the impact of home automation on the
society in order to achieve the goal of green technology and
environmental sustainability. In this paper, IoT based home automation
approach integrated with the smart meter, solar, wind, geothermal
renewable energy resources and government green awareness program
to extensively optimize the need of energy consumption, security, cost,
convenience and cleaner environment for the society is proposed. In
addition, a survey was conducted among the target audience for the
purpose of identifying and evaluating its least impact on the
environment and society in a sustainable development perspective. The
results of this survey are statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS
statistics version 23. The results revealed that there is a significant
impact of home automation on the society thereby contributing to its
solution.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 53 IOT HOME AUTOMATION

Annexure III

Environment and Sustainability

To become more environmentally sustainable, customers commonly

introduce Internet of Things (IoT) devices. These connected devices
collect and analyze data from commercial buildings, factories, homes,
cars, and other locations to measure, understand, and improve
operational efficiency.

IoT devices offer several efficiencies. However, you must consider

their environmental impact when using them. Devices must be
manufactured, shipped, and installed; they consume energy during
operations; and they must eventually be disposed of. They are also a
challenge to maintain— an expert may need physical access to the
device to diagnose issues and update it. This is especially true for
smaller and cheaper devices, because extended device support and
ongoing enhancements are often not economically feasible, which
results in more frequent device replacements.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal