@NGUYỄN Thị Thu Trang, [email protected].

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Outline
1. GUI Programming in Java
OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE AND THEORY
2. AWT UI Elements
9. GUI PROGRAMMING WITH AWT & SWING
3. AWT Event Handling
Nguyen Thi Thu Trang 4. Swing GUI Elements
[email protected]
5. Layout Manager

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JavaFX
AWT and Swing
• JavaFX is a software platform for creating and delivering
desktop applications, as well as rich internet
• AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API applications (RIAs) that can run across a wide variety of
• From JDK 1.0 devices.
• Most components have become obsolete and should be replaced • JavaFX is intended to replace Swing as the standard GUI
by Swing components library for Java SE, but both will be included for the
foreseeable future.

• Swing API IFX is just a name, which is normally related with sound or visual
• From JDK 1.1, as a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) effects in the javafx i was in the belief that the fx was function. ...
• A much more comprehensive set of graphics libraries that FIPS stands for the Federal Information Processing Standardization
enhances the AWT
• JFC consists of Swing, Java2D, Accessibility, Internationalization, and Pluggable
Look-and-Feel Support APIs.

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Which should we choose? Outline

• AWT: for simple GUI, but not for comprehensive ones
• Native OS GUI
1. GUI Programming in Java
• Flatform-independent
and device-independent interface
2. AWT UI Elements
• Heavyweight components
3. AWT Event Handling
• Swing: Pure Java code with a more robust, versatile, and
flexible library 4. Swing GUI Elements
• Use AWT for windows and event handling
• Pure-Java GUI, 100% portable and same across platform 5. Layout Manager
• Most components are light-weight, different look-and-feel
• JavaFX: for developing rich Internet applications
• Can run across a wide variety of devices
• More consistent in style and has additional options, e.g. 3D, chart,
audio, video…

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AWT UI Elements AWT Container Classes

• Component: Components are elementary GUI entities,
e.g. Button, Label, and TextField
• GUI components are also called controls (Microsoft ActiveX
Control), widgets (Eclipse's Standard Widget Toolkit, Google
Web Toolkit), which allow users to interact with the application
through these components (such as button-click and text-entry)
• Container: Containers (e.g. Frame, Panel and Applet) are
used to hold components in a specific layout (such as flow
or grid). A container can also hold sub-containers.

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 9 import java.awt.Button; Example: AWT Counter 10
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label; btnCount =

AWT Component Classes import java.awt.TextField;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
new Button("Count");
add(btnCount);
setTitle("AWT Counter");
public class AWTCounter setSize(250, 100);
extends Frame {
private Label lblCount; setVisible(true);
private TextField tfCount; }
private Button btnCount;
public static void main(String args[]){
private int count = 0; //Counter's value
AWTCounter simpleUI = new AWTCounter();
}
// Setup GUI components }
public AWTCounter () {
setLayout(new FlowLayout());

lblCount = new Label("Counter");

add(lblCount);

tfCount = new TextField("0", 10);

// set to read-only
tfCount.setEditable(false);
add(tfCount);

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11 import java.awt.Button; Example: AWT Counter with Event Handling 12

import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label;
import java.awt.TextField;

Outline
import java.awt.event.ActionListener; public static void main(String[] args){
AWTCounter app = new AWTCounter();
public class AWTCounter
}
extends Frame implements ActionListener {
private Label lblCount; /** ActionEvent handler - Called back upon

1. GUI Programming in Java

private TextField tfCount; button-click. */
private Button btnCount; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
private int count = 0; // Counter's value ++count;
// Display the counter value on the TextField
2. AWT UI Elements // Setup GUI components and event handling
public AWTCounter () {
setLayout(new FlowLayout()); }
tfCount.setText(count + "");

}
3. AWT Event Handling lblCount = new Label("Counter");
add(lblCount);

4. Swing GUI Elements tfCount = new TextField("0", 10);

tfCount.setEditable(false); // set to read-only
add(tfCount);

5. Layout Manager btnCount = new Button("Count");

add(btnCount);

//Clicking Button source fires ActionEvent

//btnCount registers this instance as ActionEvent listener
btnCount.addActionListener(this);
setTitle("AWT Counter");
setSize(250, 100;

setVisible(true);
}

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AWT Event Handling

Event Driven / Event Delegation

java.awt.Frame

AWTCounter

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Quiz: Identify Source, Xxx for AWTCounter E.g. MouseListener (XxxListener) interface
//A MouseListener interface, which declares the signature of the handlers
//for the various operational modes.
public interface MouseListener {
// Called back upon mouse-button pressed
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent evt);
// Called back upon mouse-button released
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent evt);
// Called back upon mouse-button clicked (pressed and released)
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent evt);
// Called back when mouse pointer entered the component
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent evt);
// Called back when mouse pointer exited the component
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent evt);
}

Add or remove XxxListener in the source:

public void addXxxListener(XxxListener lis);
public void removeXxxListener(XxxListener lis);

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//An example provides implementation to the event handler methods 19 20
class MyMouseListener implements MouseListener { import java.awt.*;
@Override import java.awt.event.*;
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
public class MouseEventDemo extends Frame {
System.out.println("Mouse-button pressed!");
private TextField tfMouseX; // to display mouse-click-x
}
private TextField tfMouseY; // to display mouse-click-y
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { //setup the UI components and event handlers
System.out.println("Mouse-button released!"); public MouseEventDemo() {
} setLayout(new FlowLayout());
@Override add(new Label("X-Click: "));
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { tfMouseX = new TextField(10); // 10 columns
System.out.println("Mouse-button clicked (pressed and released)!"); tfMouseX.setEditable(false; add(tfMouseX);
} add(new Label("Y-Click: ")); tfMouseY = new TextField(10);
@Override tfMouseY.setEditable(false); add(tfMouseY);
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { /* "super" frame (source) fires the MouseEvent and adds an anonymous
System.out.println("Mouse-pointer entered the source component!"); instance of MyMouseListener as a MouseEvent listener */
} addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
@Override setTitle("MouseEvent Demo"); setSize(350, 100); setVisible(true);
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
}
System.out.println("Mouse exited-pointer the source component!"); public static void main(String[] args) {
}
new MouseEventDemo(); // Let the constructor do the job
}
}
}

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21 //An example provides implementation to the event 22

handler
methods
class MyMouseListener implements MouseListener {
Quiz: MouseEventDemo @Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { }
• Source: ? @Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { }
• XxxEvent:? @Override
• What happens when running the program? public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
tfMouseX.setText(evt.getX() + "");
tfMouseY.setText(evt.getY() + "");
}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
System.out.println(”Enter the source component!");
}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
System.out.println(”Exit the source component!");
}
}
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Exercise: Modify MouseEventDemo with Exercise: Modify AWTCounter with

more mouse events window events
• Show the dialog box with a corresponding message for
MouseEventDemo each event in WindowListener interface
• close/open window
• activate/deactivate window
• iconify/deiconify window

public interface MouseMotionListener {

/* Called-back when a mouse-button is pressed on the
source component and then dragged. */
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e);
/* Called-back when the mouse-pointer has been moved onto the
source component but no buttons have been pushed. */
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e);
}

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Event Hierarchy EventListener Hierarchy

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Java Swing
Outline
• Light Weight: Pure Java code
1. GUI Programming in Java • Freelance of native operational System’s API
• Usethe Swing components with prefix "J", e.g.
2. AWT UI Elements JFrame, JButton, JTextField, JLabel, etc.
3. AWT Event Handling • Advanced controls like Tree, color picker, table controls,
TabbedPane, slider.
4. Swing GUI Elements
• Uses the AWT event-handling classes
5. Layout Manager • Highly Customizable
• Often made-to-order in a very simple method as visual
appearance is freelance of content.
• Pluggable look-and-feel
• Modified at run-time, supported by accessible values.

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Swing – Different Look & Feel AWT and Swing Elements

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Swing Containers and Components Containers and ContentPane

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36 //A Swing GUI application inherits from top-level container 37

public class SwingTemplate extends JFrame {

Swing components // Constructor to setup the GUI components and event handlers
public SwingTemplate() {
// top-level content-pane from JFrame
Container cp = getContentPane();
Swing is huge cp.setLayout(new ....Layout());
(consists of 18
packages of // Allocate the GUI components
737 classes as cp.add(....); //...

in JDK 1.8) and // Source object adds listener

has great depth setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
// Exit the program when the close-window button clicked
Compare to setTitle("......"); //"super" JFrame sets title
AWT: setSize(300, 150); //"super" JFrame sets initial size
setVisible(true); // "super" JFrame shows
12 packages of
}
370 classes public static void main(String[] args) {
new SwingTemplate();
}
}

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public class SwingCounter extends JFrame { 38 39

private JTextField tfCount; /** * BtnCountListener is a "named inner class" used as

private JButton btnCount;
private int count = 0;
Example: SwingCounter ActionListener. This inner class can access private
variables of the outer class. */
public SwingCounter() { private class BtnCountListener implements ActionListener {
// Retrieve the content-pane of the top-level container JFrame @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
// All operations done on the content-pane ++count;
Container cp = getContentPane(); cp.setLayout(new tfCount.setText(count + "");
FlowLayout());
}
cp.add(new JLabel("Counter"));
}
tfCount = new JTextField("0");
tfCount.setEditable(false); cp.add(tfCount); public static void main(String[] args) {
btnCount = new JButton("Count"); cp.add(btnCount); // Run GUI codes in Event-Dispatching thread
// for thread-safety
/* btnCount adds an anonymous instance of BtnCountListener (a SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
named inner class) as a ActionListener */
@Override public void run() {
btnCount.addActionListener(new BtnCountListener());
new SwingCounter();
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }
setTitle("Swing Counter"); setSize(300, 100); });
setVisible(true); }
}
}
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Inner class Properties of inner classes

• a normal class: can contain constructors, member
• A nested class (or commonly called inner class) is a variables and member methods, can also be
class defined inside another class declared static, final or abstract, can be created instances
• Is a member of the outer class, just like any member
public class MyOuterClass {
variables and methods defined inside a class
• Can access the private members (variables/methods) of
// outer class defined here ......
the enclosing outer class, as it is at the same level as
// an nested class defined inside the outer class
these private members
private class MyNestedClass1 { ...... }
• Can have private, public, protected, or the default access,
// an "static" nested class defined inside the outer class just like any member variables and methods defined
public static class MyNestedClass2 { ...... } inside a class
...... • A private inner class is only accessible by the enclosing outer
class, and is not accessible by any other classes
}
• NOT a subclass of the outer class

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 public class SwingCounter extends JFrame { 42 43
private JTextField tfCount;
private JButton btnCount;
private int count = 0; Named Inner Class Outline
public SwingCounter() {
...
btnCount.addActionListener(new BtnCountListener());
1. GUI Programming in Java
}
...
2. AWT UI Elements
//... (main) Anonymous Inner Class 3. AWT Event Handling
/* Allocate an anonymous instance of an anonymous inner
class that implements ActionListener as ActionEvent
listener */
4. Swing GUI Elements
btnCount.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
5. Layout Manager
@Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
++count;
tfCount.setText(count + "");
}
});
}

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AWT and Swing Layout Layout management

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 46 47

Set layout for a container Setup a layout for a container

// java.awt.Container
• Construct an instance of the chosen layout object,
public void setLayout(LayoutManager mgr) via new and constructor, e.g., new FlowLayout())
• Invoke the setLayout() method of the Container, with the
layout object created as the argument;
• Place the GUI components into the Container using
the add() method in the correct order; or into the correct
zones.
Panel pnl = new Panel();
// Add a new Layout object to the Panel container
pnl.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
// The Panel container adds components in a proper order
pnl.add(new JLabel("One"));
pnl.add(new JLabel("Two"));
pnl.add(new JLabel("Three"));

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E.g. FlowLayout
public class AWTFlowLayoutDemo extends Frame { E.g. GridLayout
private Button btn1, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6;
public AWTFlowLayoutDemo () {
// from left-to-right, and flow from top-to-bottom
setLayout(new FlowLayout()); ...
btn1 = new Button("Button 1"); add(btn1);
/* set layout to 3x2
btn2 = new Button("This is Button 2"); add(btn2);
btn3 = new Button("3"); add(btn3); GridLayout, horizontal and vertical gaps of 3 pixels,
btn4 = new Button("Another Button 4"); add(btn4); components are added from left-to-right, top-to-bottom */
btn5 = new Button("Button 5"); add(btn5); setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2, 3, 3));
btn6 = new Button("One More Button 6"); add(btn6);
btn1 = new Button("Button 1"); add(btn1);
setTitle("FlowLayout Demo"); btn2 = new Button("This is Button 2"); add(btn2);
setSize(280, 150); setVisible(true); btn3 = new Button("3"); add(btn3);
} btn4 = new Button("Another Button 4"); add(btn4);
public static void main(String[] args) {
btn5 = new Button("Button 5"); add(btn5);
new AWTFlowLayoutDemo();
} btn6 = new Button("One More Button 6"); add(btn6);
} ...

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