Scribd
Upload
36 views5 pages

Cation Lab Report

This document describes an experiment to test for different cations. It lists the materials needed and provides the procedures to test for copper(II), iron(II), iron(III), lead(II), zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and calcium cations. Observations are recorded for each test, such as copper(II) forming a deep blue solution in ammonia and lead(II) forming a white precipitate in potassium iodide. The document also discusses cations, how they form, their importance, and the colors of different salt precipitates formed in the tests. Precautions for safe laboratory work are outlined.

Uploaded by

2020-1-77-042
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views5 pages

Cation Lab Report

This document describes an experiment to test for different cations. It lists the materials needed and provides the procedures to test for copper(II), iron(II), iron(III), lead(II), zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and calcium cations. Observations are recorded for each test, such as copper(II) forming a deep blue solution in ammonia and lead(II) forming a white precipitate in potassium iodide. The document also discusses cations, how they form, their importance, and the colors of different salt precipitates formed in the tests. Precautions for safe laboratory work are outlined.

Uploaded by

2020-1-77-042
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Name of the Experiment

Confirmation Test for Cations

Principle
Ion that has lost one or more electrons, gaining a positive charge is called cation. A cation has
more protons than electrons, consequently giving it a net positive charge. For a cation to form,
one or more electrons must be lost, typically pulled away by atoms with a stronger affinity for
them. Testing for cations is a test used in chemistry to identify metal or metal ions (cations)
found in compounds. This test uses sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia to test and identify
metal ions by the precipitation formed.

Materials
i. Test tube
ii. Beaker
iii. Dropper bottles
iv. Centrifuge
v. Spatula

Procedure
Chemical Test Observation
2+
[i] Test for Copper (Cu (aq)) :

[1] In a test tube added sodium hydroxide [1] Dissolves in excess ammonia to give a deep
solution and water with Cu2+. blue color solution of an ammine complex.

[2] To the same test tube again added dilute [2] Then change the color, make a greenish
ammonia blue subside is formed which dissolved in raise
*Cu2+ + NaOH Cu (OH)2 (s) of ammonia reagent forming deep blueish
solution.

[ii] Test (1) for Ion (ii) (Fe2+(aq) ):


[1] Added water in a test tube and added
solution hydroxide with Fe2+. [1] Not solution in excess of NH3 or NaOH.

[2] To the same test tube again add few drops


of ammonium Hydroxide. [2] Green gelatinous subside of Fe(OH)2(S)
2+ -
*Fe (aq) + 2Oh (aq) -- Fe (OH)2 (s)
[3] Then change the colors formation of green
precipitate.

[iii] Test (2) for Iron (III) (Fe3+ (aq)):

[1] Again added few drops of ammonia [1] Not soluble in excess of NaOH.
Thymocyte/ Potassium solution
*Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) Fe (OH)3(s)

[iv] Test for lead (ii), (Pb2+(aq) ):


[1] In a test tube added water and also added
sodium hydroxide solution with Pb2+ [1] Dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide to
2+ -
*Pb + 2OH Pb(OH)2 give a clear colorless solution but does not
dissolve in excess ammonia solution.
[2] Used 0.5ml of the cation solution and
added 10ml of water and 0.2ml of potassium
iodide (kI)
*Pb2+ + 2I PbI2

[v] Test for Zinc (Zn+2):


[1] In a test tube added water and also added [1] Dissolves in both excess (i) sodium
sodium hydroxide solution with Zn+2 hydroxide or (ii) ammonia to give a clear
-
* Zn(OH)2(s) + 2OH (aq) color less solution.
[2] Further added ammonium hydroxide
solution.
* * Zn(OH)2(s) + 4NH3(aq) [Zn(NH3)2+4(aq)]

(v) Test for Aluminium ion (AL3+)

3. In a test tube added water and also 1. Not soluble in excess of the weak alkali
added sodium htdroxide with Al3+ ammonia.
(aq)

2. Dissolves in the stronger alkali sodium


4. Again added drops of ammonium hydroxide to give a clear bleached
hydroxide solutions. solution.

Al3+ + 3(OH)- (aq) Al (OH)3

(vi) Test for Magnesium ion ( Mg2+)

2. In a test tube added water and also 1. Not soluble in excess of NaoH
added sodium hydroxide solution
with Mg2+
 Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq ) Mg(OH)2 (s)

(vii) Test for Calcium ( Ca2+(aq)) :

2. In a test tube take salt and added 1. A white subside is obtained which is
water and few drops of ammonia in soluble in HCL
oxalate solution and added few drop
of HCL
Discussion:
Cation: A cation is an ion that has lost one or more electrons gaining a positive charge. Example
of Cations: Na+, Mg2+ ,NH+. Cations are made when a neutral atom less an electron. Metals are
prone to loosing electrons as a result of the arrangements of electrons around the nucleus.
Cations formed when an atom losses one or more electron.

Example:
1. Na Na+ + e –
2. Mg Mg2+ + 2e-

Importance of Cation:

I. Soil fertility
II. Prevent pollution
III. Mechanism in Purifying waters

Salt and their colours:

Salts Color
2+
Copper (Cu )(aq) Blue
2+
Iron II (Fe )
(aq) Green
3+
Iron III (Fe )
(aq) Blood Red
2+
Lead II (Pb )
(aq) White
2+
Zinc (Zn )
(aq) White
3+
Aluminium (Al )
(aq) Yellow
2+
Calcium (Ca (aq)) White

Precaution:
1. Wear the proper lab attire when doing an experiment. This includes safety goggles,
lad coats, closed toe shoes, and hair must be tied back.
2. When handling chemicals during the lab it is important to proceed with caution.
3. Treat all lab equipment with respect throughout the experiment.
4. With broken glass DO NOT TOUCH IT. Tell your teacher or professor about it
immediately.

You might also like