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 Writing and Language Test
35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTTONS

Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied
by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make
revising and editing decisions.

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a "NO CHANGE" option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.

Questions 'l -1 'l are based on the following passage.

Superflat A) NOCHANGE
B) its
When'l'akashi Murakami rvas a younfl, artist, he (l) his
observed that Japanesc art was bcginning to losc somo of D) their
I it'r unique qr"ralitics. Fbr ccntr¡ries, Japanesc painters
had emphasizcd flat, t.r,vo-clirncnsional images in thcir The writer wants to link the first paragraph with the
r'vork. Even as a studcnl, howcver, Murakami obscrved that idcas that follow. Which choicc best accomplishes
this goal?
thrce dimcnsional wcstcrn-style f igurcs r,verc growing moro

common. I Much ol'his early work r,vas clone in the

A) NOCHANGE
B) He was inspired by these works and wanted
I ol' and to imitate them,
(ì) 'l'his shift rcflected changes in Japanese culturc
D) Concerned by this development, he went on
to found the superflat moyement.

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 w

Works produced in this style combine the principles of

lraditional Japanese art with those of 1950s Japanese pop A) NOCHANGE
culture images. As a result, superflat painting is an
B) has made
C) having made
ntriguing blend of classical and modern that !| have
D) make
made Murakami one of the most important artists of his

¡eneration.
Murakami, who was born and raised in Tokyo,
A) NO CHANGE
developed a strong interest in manga (Japanese comics) at B) transpired
m early age. As a child, he !l inspired to someday work C) perspired
in the animation industry. When he entered the Tokyo
D) aspired
Jniversity of the Arts, his goal was to obtain the skills
necessary to wofk an animator; however, he later changed
lris The writer is considering adding the following
mind and decided to major in Nihonga fl. Murakami
information.
went on to earn a doctorate in Nihonga, but he eventually
- the classical painting style that incorporates
'ound himself drawn back to more contemporary forms of traditional Japanese conventions, techniques,
and subjects.
¿rt. His early pieces were often @ satirical. ThelLpoked
Should the writer make this addition?
run at his feliowlartists' tendency to automatically copy
fvestern styles. _ A) Yes, because it explains a term that readers
are likely to be unfamiliar with.
B) Yes, because it illustrates why Murakami
decided not to work as an animator.
C) No, because it does not support the idea that
Murakami was interested in contemporary
art.
D) No, because it distorts the paragraphs focus
on Murakami's childhood.

What is the best way to combine the sentences at

the underlined portion?

A) satirical; and they poked fun

B) satirical, they poked fun
C) satirical and poke fun
D) satirical, poking fun

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 ln 1994, the Asian Cultural Council awarded

Murakami a fellowship that allowed him to spend a year in A) NO CHANGE

New York, where he established a small studio. When he B) has begun
returned to Japan, he further developed his artistic vision
C) began'
D) willbegin
and !l beginning to exhibit his work at galleries and
museums in Europe and the United States.

Six years later, Murakami published his "Superflat',

A) NO CHANGE
theory in the cat¿logue for a group exhibition that he
B) color-Japanese
curated for the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los C) color,Japanese
Angeles. He suggested that unlike western art, which D) color; Japanese
emphasizes realistic surfaces and flat planes of
I color.
while Japanese art is based on "flat" two-dimensional
imagery that can still be observed in manga and anime A) NO CHANGE
(animated works).
B) Consquently, Murakami
I However. Murakami used exhibits
C) Meanwhile, Murakami
such as "Coloriage" and "Little Boy" to elaborate on this D) Murakami
theory, which became a central part of his artistic practice.

In addition to exhibiting his work in well-known

venues, Murakami uses his art for more practical goals.
Which choice best supports the statement made in
IO the previous sentence?

Japan's creative culture to audiences around the world. He

A) NOCHANGE
also attempts to lll scrape the distinction between popular B) In September,2010 Murakami became the
third contemporary artist to exhibit his works
art and "high" art by repackaging his "high-art,, works as
at the Palace of Versailles in France.
merchandise such as stuffed animals and T-shirts and C) In fact, his work has continued to rise in value
and can sell for millions of dollars.
making them available at affordable prices.
D) In contrast, the exhibition Murakami-Ego
exhibition showcased around 60 old works
alongside new ones.

A) NOCHANGE
B) scribble
C) erase
D) delay

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 F

puestions 12-22 are based on the following passage.

A) NO CHANGE
Lucky Lindy
B) refuse, he would award $25,000
ln 1919, the hotel baron Raymond Oneig made an C) refuse, he would award $25000,
D) refuse; he would award $25000 -
offer that was hard to Ig refuse: he would award $25.000

o any pilot who could successfully fly from New York to

Paris within five years. Unfortunately, aviation technology

n the early 1920s was still very crude. l[ Born in the

\Vhich choice most effectively sets up the
south of France. Orteig decided to renew the challenge for information that follows?

,n additional five-year period. The second round of the A) NO CHANGE

-ontest attracted an impressive group of well-known and B) rühen no winner emerged,
highly experienced lll contenders. however" it did not C) A supporter of numerous charitable activities,
D) Having worked his way up in the hotel
'[aduçg a winner. industry
In the mid-1920s, Charles Lindbergh was an obscure
f.ir Mail pilot, who delivered packages between Chicago
and St. Louis. From an early age, he exhibited an interest in
A) NO CHANGE
ne mechanics of motorized transportation. As a college B) contenders, so it did not produce
student studying mechanical engineering, he became C) contenders but not producing
^ascination with flying D) contenders; it did not, however,
lþ when he had never so much as

.¡uched an airplane. After Ieaving college in 1922,

trindbergh enrolled at the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation's

iying school, ultimately earning his certification as a flight

A) NOCHANGE
B) since
i nstructor. C) even though
D) despite

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 When Lindbergh entered Orteig,s competition, he

faced several major challenges. First, he lacked the kind of The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sponsorship thar some of his competitors had. sentence. Should the writer do this?
l[ ln fact.
A) Yes, because it distorts the focus of the passage
$350 monthly salary from U.S. Air Mail. Evenrually, by focusing on Lindbergh's finances rather
than his flying skills.
though, he was able to obtain the backing of two prominent
B) Yes, because it does not provide a comparison
St. Louis businessmen, Harry Knight and Harold Bixby. between Lindbergh's finances and those of
With their help, Lindberg managed to
his competitors.
tfl secure a loan C) No, because it provides a specific illustration
I

large enough to fund the project. The next problem was of the primary claim of the paragraph.
finding a plane. The men attempted to purchase a suitable D) No, because it explains how Lindbergh was
able to attract prominent backers.
aircraft from several large manufacturers, but
lfl
thc_cs$s
were excessivel]¡ high. Lindbergh intended to pilot the
plane himself, so he was forced to search for another

option.
A) NO CHANGE
B) latch onto
C) seize
D) rustle up

V/hich choice most effectively sets up the contrast

in the sentence and is consistent with the information
in the rest of the passage? 1 i

A) NO CHANGE
B) all of them insisted on choosing the pilot.
C) the engines were not strong enough for such
a long flight.
D) they could not agree on the specifications. l

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 Finally, the group turned to Ryan Aircraft Company, a

smaller manufacturer in San Diego whose owner, A) NO CHANGE

B.F. Mahoney,lg agreeing to build a single-engine plane B) who agreed
C) agreed
o Lindbergh's specifications. The contract was signed on
D) agrees
February 25,1927. Dubbed "The Spirit of St. Louis," the

¡lane made its first flight just over two months later. After

completing a series of test flights, Lindbergh flew to St.

A) NO CHANGE
-ouis and then to Garden City, New York.l[ He took off B) However, he took off
from Roosevelt field on May 20th, arriving in France the C) Meanwhile, he took off
rext morning. Not only had he traveled over 3500 hundred
D) As a result, he took off
miles across the Atlantic Ocean lfl but also to become the
{irst person ever to stand in North America one day and in

ìurope the next.

A) NO CHANGE
, fll Immediately. the 25 year-old pilot became an B) but also becoming
nstant celebrity worldwide. Newspaper headlines on both C) but he had also become
sides of the Atlantic announced "Lucky Lindy's" D) and he also became
' ,chievement to the world. For his historic exploit,

Lindbergh was also awarded the United States' highest

,rilitary decoration: the Medal of Honor.
A) NO CHANGE
B) The 25 year-old pilot became an instant
celebrity
C) The 25 year-old pilot immediately became an
instant celebrity
D) The 25 year-old pilot became an instant
celebrity right away

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Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage.

Open Office V/hich choice most logically completes'tïe

description of open-plan models and provides the
For most of the twentieth century, workplaces were best introduction to the passage?

designed with long hallways containing rows of offices or A) NO CHANGE

cramped cubicles; however, in recent years, office layouts B) with long tables where employees can interact
freely.
have shifted to open-plan models
lfl that are more cost-
C) that are implemented after discussion with
effective. Today, almost 707o of all business in the United senior executives.
States have open offices. D) that some employees initially resist.
From a philosophical perspective, glass walls and a
lack of barriers between workers represent transparency
and flexibility. ![ Practically speaking. open floor plans
Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern
reflect the fact that paper usage has been reduced. Most established in the paragraph?
correspondence is now sent electronically, making
A) NO CHANGE
mailrooms a thing of the past. Likewise, most documents
B) In a practical sense, open floor plans reflect
are now stored on computers, so room for bulky file the fact of paper usage having been reduced.

cabinets !f,| u no longer needed.

C) From a practical perspective, open floor plans
reflect a decreased need for paper.
D) Considering things practically, reduced paper
usage is reflected in open floor plans.

A) NO CHANGE
B) are
C) would be
D) being

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I Open-plan environments also provide more
opportunities for collaboration, both planned and A) NO CHANGE
spontaneous, as well as a greater sense of community. B) however,
According to a study in Harvard Business Review,
C) in reality,
D) that is,
employees at companies that switched to open offices were
pfl more than four times as productive - otherwise. faster
and more accurate - as those that remained in closed ones.
A) NO CHANGE
One company that has managed the transition to open B) Company; which is a leading maker
offices especially well is Clif Baro & pfl Company. C) Company, it is a leading maker
Which is a leading maker of organic sports nutrition foods D) Company, a leading maker

and healthy snacks. Members of the design team explored

3very aspect of the company, attempting to get a personal

feel for its culture and community through guided tours, V/hich choice gives a third supporting example
thât is most similar to the examples already in the
focus groups, and @ employee interviews. The insights sentence?
rhey gained allowed them to ![ restrain the essence of the
A) NO CHANGE
Clif Bar brand when they built the business's new offices. B) press releases.
C) promotional materials
D) financialdata.

A) NO CHANGE
B) capture
C) tie up
D) hold down

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 The 75000 square-foot facility, which opened in

Emeryville, California in 2010, transformed an original At this point, the writer wants to add spêciRc
World ìù/ar II valve manufacturing facility into information that supports the main topic of the
a workplace
paragraph.
haven for the company's outdoor enthusiasts. The space
celebrates the inherent natural light of a repurposed A) NO CHANGE
B) In addition, the building features a cafeteria,
warehouse while using a series of interior gardens to a movie theater, a childcare facility, and an
connect employees to the outdoors.@ Designers often exercise room.

drcrUV ttan¿ or navigate

C) Doors feature custom handles made from
bicycle frames, and solar panels line the
live in front of workers to illustrate ideas in real time. roof.
Unfortunately, Clif Bar's success may be the exception D) On the upstairs level, an additional
mezzanine and walkway increase the
rather than the rule. A study conducted by the University of workstation capacity.
Sydney found that pl workers in open offices were
significantly more satisfied with their visual privacy. sound
privacy. and noise levels than those in private offices.
V/hich choice accurately reflects the data presented ,

in the graph?
Worker Dissatisfaction: Open vs. Closed
Offices A) NO CHANGE
B) workers in open offices were'slightly more
Visual privacy satisfied with their visual privacy, sound
privacy, and noise levels than were workers in
private offices.
Sound privacy
C) workers in open offices were significantly less
satisfied with their visual privacy, sound
Noise level privacy, and noise level than were workers in
private offices
0102030405060 D) workers in open offices were slightly less
Percent of workers dissatsified satisfied with their visual privacy, sound
@ Open office privacy, and noise level than were workers in
private offices
lEnclosed private

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 ts

'-l

pther studies have shown that moving employees from

;losed to open spaces works besr if the need l! wittr A) NO CHANGE
privacy is recognized and accommodated. Companies can B) to
C) for
fddress this challenge by providing what are often referred
D) in
to as "short-stay rooms" or "telephone rooms." These are

small, private rooms where workers can spend a

¡sually
few hours making private calls or doing heads-down work

![ where he or she requires privacy. Companies are still A) NO CHANGE

experimenting with ways to balance their employees' B) where privacy is required by them.
reeds, but open offices in some form are probably here to
C) in which one requires privacy.
D) that requires privacy.
stay.

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Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage.

The Exercise Pill A) NO CHANGE

B) lean, fit, body, but
It doesn't seem right that a simple drug should allow
C) lean, fÏt body, however
D) lean fit, body, but
people to avoid the pain and sweat that accompany the

pursuit of a El þan.fil__bady._bul new scienrific

developments suggest that what was once the stuff of mid-
A) NOCHANGE
workout fantasies may soon be reality. Researchers have B) cells, in recent months,
repeatedly tried to identify the molecular processes that C) cells. In recent months
occur when we exercise and the positive effects on our D) cells in recent months
@ cells in recent months. they have made progress in
observing how these processes function. That knowledge
could someday lead to the development of an "exercise Which choice provides the most effective
introduction to the paragraph?
pill."
@According recent studies. over 807o of people in
A) NO CHANGE
the United States do not get the recommended amount
B) One recent study led to a breakthrough in
of understanding what happens inside people's
exercise. Researchers recruited a group of healthy non- bodies when they exercise.

athletes, who were asked to engage in high-intensity C) After declining throughout the early 2000s,
exercise rates are now beginning to improve.
workouts for l0 minutes. After@ he or she was done D) Nearly 75Vo of people in the United States
exercising, the scientists used a technique called mass that they engage in sustained exercise at
least once a week.
spectrometry to analyze how the exercise had affected
protein activity in the subjects' cells. The results indicated
that exercise causes around I O00 moleculur
E sbatggs,
A) NO CHANGE
most of them had never been associated with exercise. Still,
B) one was
the findings provided the first clear blueprint of how C) these guys were
exercise affects cells. D) the subjects were

A) NO CHANGE
ts) changes, most of them never being
C) changes. Most of which had never been
D) changes, most of which had never been

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 Other findings are even more promising. A team of þEl;.,¡,,,,,'.'.,.¡;i,,'l.,t':i,.:,i;¡',:,i:,,ì,;f,'..:-':,i ,,..i!,-;';;:ir;:!-t',È,'r,,-,r,
.cientists at the Univorsity of Southampton in Great Britain What is the most effective way of combining thc
sentences at the underlined portion?
^reated a molecule named "Compound 14." lt works by
etting off a chemical reaction that "tricks" cells into A) energy, thereby increasing
thinking they need @l encrqv- As a . there is an tl) energy, consequently an increase is created in
rcrcase in their metabolism. The researchers gave
C) energy, therefore there is an increase in
D) energy, so an increase occurring in
Compound 14Io a group of mice that had been fed a high-
ìt diet. 1'he mice were obese and glucose intolerant - signs
of pre-diabct"s. ZU After consuming a single dose. their
A) NO CHANGE
lood glucosc level dropped to near normal . Then, the mice
B) After the mice consumed a single dose,
were divided into two groups: both groups were fed the c) Having consumed a single dose
--rme diet, but the I'irst group was given a single dose ol' D) In consuming a single dosc,

ompoun<J 14 every day for a week, while thc second

group was given an inactive compound. At thc end of a

cek. Zil thc mice fhat receivr:d Comnouncl l4 had lost At this point, the writer wants to adcl specific
information that supports the main topic of the
arotrnd scven srams- while those receivi e the inactive paragraph.
tmnound had lost the samc âmount.
Weight Change in Obese Mice: Compound 14 vs, Placebo

Body 2
Weight I Inactive Compound
(e)

Compound I

.,,

Days 1234567
A) NO (]HANGE
B) thc mice that received Compound 14had
gained around seven grams, while those
receiving the inactive compound lost two grams
C) the mice that received Compound l4 had lost
around two grams, while those receiving the
inactive compound gained more than one gram.
D) the mice that received Compound l4 had lost
around two grams,lvhile those receiving the
inactive compound had gainecl more than two
grams.

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 Researchers hope to develop Compound 14 and

analyze lÐ iß long-term effects. If it works in humans, it A) NO CHANGE

could become a way to treat both obesity and Type 2 B) its long-term effects'.
Diabetes, both of which are widespread in the United
C) it's long-term effects.
D) their long-term effects.
States population. @ Researchers also believe that

exercise pills could strongly benefit !!l people. who have

sustained injuries. as well as those born with physical
The writer is considering adding the following
limitations. For most of us, though, no pill will provide all sentence.
the benefits of real exercise - at least not for the Currently more than one-third (78.6 million)
foreseeable future. of adults are obese and over 25 million people
have Type 2 Diabetes.

Should the writer make this addition here?

A) Yes, because it explains what the writer means i

by "widespread."
B) Yes, because it calls attention to the long-term
effects of Compound 14.
C) No, because it does not support the claim
that Compound 14 may have more benefits
for mice than for humans.
D) No, because it does not explain how
Compound l4's effectiveness will be tested
in humans.

A) NO CHANGE
B) people, who have sustained injuries
C) people; who have sustained injuries
D) people who have sustained injuries

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