PRACTICAL NO:1 PL/SQL BASICS

Q1 Write a PL/SQL block to display the message welcome

Begin
Dbms_output.put_line(‘welcome to PL/SQL’);
End;
/
Q2 Write a PL/SQL block which will record number from the
user and display it on the screen
declare
x int:=25;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(‘your no is:’||x);
end;
/
Q3 Write a PL/SQL block to read a message from user and
display it
Declare
x varchar(10);
Begin
x:=’&n’;
dbms_output.put_line(‘your message is’||x);
End;
/
Q4 Write a PL/SQL block to display area of rectangle where
length and breadth are accepted from the user
Declare
l float;
b float;
Begin
l:=&l;
b:=&b;
dbms_output.put_line(‘area of rectangle is:’||(l*b));
end;
/
Q5 Write a PL/SQL block to display total number of
employees
declare
n int;
begin
select count(*) into n from emp_2223;
dbms_output.put_line(‘no of employees is:’||n);
end;
/
Q6 Write a PL/SQL block to print the name and job of an
employees who is working as a clerk and earning salary of
1300
Declare
en name.ename%type;
j emp.job%type;
begin
select ename,job,int en,j
from emp
where job=’Clerk ad sal=1300;
dbms_output.put_line(‘employee name is:’||en||’his job
is’||j);
end;
/
Q7 Write a PL/SQL block to print sum of 2 number accepted
from the user
Declare
A int;
P int;
Begin
A:=&A;
P:=&P;
Dbms_output.put_line(‘sum is :’||(A+P));
End;
/
Q8 Write a PL/SQL block to print the message ‘you can lead
a horse to water but you can’t make him drink’
Begin
Dbms_output.put_line(‘you can lead a horse to water but
you can’t make him drink’);
End;
/
Q9 Write a PL/SQL block to calculate the area of circle and
store the radius and area in a table AOC(area of circle)
Create table AOC ( radius float,area float);
Declare
r AOC.radius%type;
a AOC.radius%type;
begin
a:=&r;
a:=3.14*r*r;
insert into AOC values(r,a);
end;
/
PRACTICAL NO-2 CONTROL STRUCTURE IN PL/SQL:
Q1 Write a PL/SQL block to display sum of first 10 integer
declare
i int;
s int;
begin
s:=0;
for i in 1..10 loop
s:=s+i;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('sum of 10 numbers is:'||s);
end;
/
Q2 write a PL/SQL block to display sum of first 10 odd
number
declare
i int;
s int;
begin
s:=0;
i:=1;
while i<20 loop
s:=s+i;
i:=i+2;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('sum of 10 odd numbers is:'||s);
end;
/
Q3 write a PL/SQL block to find factorial of number
declare
n int;
i int;
f int;
begin
n:=&n;
i:=1;
f:=1;
while i<=n loop
f:=f*i;
i:=i+1;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('factorial of'||n||'is:'||f);
end;
/
Q4 write a PL/SQL block to display fibonacci series
declare
a int;
b int;
c int;
i int;
begin
a:=0;
b:=1;
dbms_output.put_line(a);
dbms_output.put_line(b);
for i in 1..5 loop
c:=a+b;
dbms_output.put_line(c);
a:=b;
b:=c;
end loop;
end;
/
Q5 write a PL/SQL to calculate area of circle insert area and
radius of aoc table till radius is less than 10
Create table aoc_78(radius float,area float)
declare
r aoc_78.radius%type;
a aoc_78.area%type;
begin
for r in 1..9 loop
a:=3.14*r*r;
insert into aoc_78 values(r,a);
end loop;
end;
/
select*from aoc_78;
PRACTICAL NO-3 CONDITIONAL STATEMENT USING PL/SQL
Q1 count number of employess in department 10 print the
count if it is greater than 3
declare
counter int;
begin
select count(*)into counter from emp_2223;
where deptno=10;
if counter>3 then
dbms_output.put_line('no of employees in deptno 10
:'||counter);
else
dbms_output.put_line('less employees in deptno 10 :');
end if;
end;
/
Q2 Program to read the salary of employees with emp_no-
104 and display an appropriate message if the salary range is
between 1000 and 5000
Declare
Salary int;
Begin
Select sal into salary from emp_2223
Where empno=104;
If salary>=1000 and salary<=5000 then
Dbms_output.put_line(‘salary lies in range from 1000-5000’);
Else
Dbms_output.put_line(‘salary does not lie in range from
1000-5000’);
End if;
End;
/
Q3 Write a PL/SQL program to find number is even or odd
accept the value from user
Declare
n int;
begin
n:=&n;
if mod(n,2)=0 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘number is even’);
else
dbms_output.put_line(‘number is odd’);
end if;
end;
/
Q4 Write a PL/SQL program accept an alphabet whether it is
vowel or consonant
Declare
ap char(1)1;=’&a’;
begin
case ap
when ‘a’ then dbms_output.put_line(‘vowel’);
when ‘e’ then dbms_output.put_line(‘vowel’);
when ‘i’ then dbms_output.put_line(‘vowel’);
when ‘o’ then dbms_output.put_line(‘vowel’);
when ‘u’ then dbms_output.put_line(‘vowel’);
else
dbms_output.put_line(‘consonant’);
end case;
end;
/
Q5 Write a PL/SQL program to calculate student percentage
by considering marks obtain in 2 subject outoff 100
Declare
r int:=&r;
m1 int:=&m1;
m2 int:=&m2;
grade char(1);
percent float;
begin
percent:=[(m1+m2)/200]*100;
if percent>70 then
grade:=’A’;
elsif percent>60 and percent<=70 then
grade:=’B’;
else
grade:=’c’;
end if;
insert into marks_2023 values (r,m1,m2,grade);
end;
/
PRACTICAL NO:4 CREATION OF SEQUENCE
Q1 Write a PL/SQL block to create a sequence by using cycle
alter the sequence and insert values in table
Create sequence s
Maxvalue 10
cycle
cache 6;
alter sequence s
increment by 3
maxvalue 10
cycle
cache 3
order;
Q2 Write a PL/SQL block to create a sequence from 10 to 100
and bind it with table product having two columns product
no and product name(10,20,30)
Create table product
(product_no int,product_name varchar(10));
Create sequence seq1
Start with 10
Increment by 10
Maxvalue 100
Order;
Q3 Write a PL/SQL block to create a sequence with maxvalue
as 40 increment by 4 starting from 1 forming a cycle
Create sequence seq2
Start with 1
Increment by 4
Maxvalue 40
Cycle
Order;
PRACTICAL NO:6 CREAETION OF PROCEDURES IN PL/SQL
Q1 Create a procedure to display square of number
create or replace procedure proc1(a in int, b out int)
as
begin
b:=a*a;
end;
/
Declare
x int;
y int;
begin
x :=&x;
proc1(x,y);
dbms_output.put_line(‘square of no is’||y);
end;
/
Q2 Create a procedure to display greatest among two
numbers
create or replace procedure proc1(a in int, b in int)
as
begin
if (a>b) then
dbms_output.put_line(a||’is greater than’||b);
elsif (a<b) then
dbms_output.put_line(b||’is greater than’||a);
else
dbms_output.put_line(‘both are equal’);
end if;
end;
/
Declare
x int;
y int;
begin
x:=&x;
y:=&y;
proc1(x,y);
end;
/
Q3 Create a procedure to display swapping of two numbers
create or replace procedure proc1(a in out int, b in out int)
as
c int;
begin
c:=a
a:=b;
b:=c;
end;
/
Declare
x int;
y int;
begin
x:=&x;
y:=&y;
dbms_output.put_line(‘before swap:’||x||’ ‘||y);
proc1(x,y);
dbms_output.put_line(‘after swap:’||x|| ‘||y);
end;
/
Q4 Create a procedure to display sum of salary of the
employees whose designation is accepted from user.
create or replace procedure proc1(j in varchar)
as
s int;
begin
select sum (sal)into s from emp_2223 where designation=j;
dbms_output.put_line(‘sum of salaries is:’||s);
end;
/
Declare
d varchar(15);
begin
d:=’&d’;
proc1(d);
end;
/
PRACTICAL NO:7 FUNCTION IN PL/SQL
Q1 Create a function to swap 2 numbers
create or replace procedure fun2
return varchar
as
a int:=10;
b int:=15;
c int;
begin
c:=a;
a:=b;
b:=c;
return(‘a is now:’||b||’and b is now’||b);
end;
/
Q2 Create a function to display greatest among two numbers
create or replace procedure fun3
return varchar
as
a int:=10;
b int:=15;
begin
if(a>b) then
return(a||’is greatest’);
elsif(b>a) then
return(b||’b is greatest’);
else
return(‘both are equal’);
end;
/
Q3 Create a function two display minimum of two numbers
Create or replace function fmin(x int,y int)
Return int;
As
Begin
If(x<y) then
return x;
else
return y;
end if;
end;
/
Declare
a int:=&a;
b int:=&b;
c int;
begin
c:=fmin(a,b);
dbms_output.put_line(‘minimum is:’||c);
end;
/
PRACTICAL NO:8 CREATION OF TRIGGER
Q1 create trigger to insert new of the employee in upper
case in a table
Select*from emp_2223;
Create or replace trigger trig_upper
Before insert
On emp_2223
For each row
Begin
:NEW.ename:=upper(:NEW.ename);
End;
/
insert into emp_2223 values(102, ’utsav’,1580,30,’manager’);
Q2 create a trigger to update the salary of employee and
show the difference between old salary and new salary
Create or replce trigger trig_diff
After update
On emp_2223
For each row
Begin
Dbms_output.put_line(‘difference is:’||(:NEW.sal-:OLD.sal));
End;
/
Q3 create a trigger to delete a nos of employee and insert
the deleted record in another table
Create or replce trigger trig_up
Before delete
On emp_2223
For each row
Begin
Insert into del_emp2223 values
(:OLD.empno, :OLD.ename, :OLD.sal, :OLD.deptno,
:OLD.designation)
End;
/
Delete from emp _2223 where empno_107;
PRACTICAL NO:9 HANDLING EXCEPTIONS
Q1 Demostrate two_many_rows exceptions
Declare
s int;
begin
select sal into s from emp_2223
where deptno=10;
exception
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line(‘query returns more than 1 rows’);
end;
/
Q2 Demostrate no_data_found exceptions
Declare
s int;
begin
select sal into s from emp_2223
where deptno=1101;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line(‘no such records’);
end;
/

Q3 Demostrate zero_divide_error exceptions

declare
a int:=&a;
b int:=&b;
c int;
begin
c:=a/b;
dbms_output.put_line(c);
exception
when zero_divide then
dbms_output.put_line(‘value of b must be greater than 0’);
end;
/
Q4 Demostrate raise_application_error exceptions
Declare
s_age int:=&s_age;
s_age_ude ;
exception
begin
if s.age<0 then
raise s_age_ude;
end if;
exception
when s_age_ude then
raise_applicatin_error(-20001,’age cannot be less than 0’);
end;
/
PRACTICAL NO:10 CREATING PACKAGES IN PL/SQL
Q1 create a package with function and procedure to find sum
od first 10 natural numbers
create or replace package natural_nos
as
procedure sum_no(a in int);
function sum_no(a int) return int;
end natural_nos
/
Create or replace package body natural_nos
As
Procedure sum_no(a in int)
As
Begin
Dbms_output.put_line((a*(a+1))/2);
End;
Function sum_no(a_int) return int
as
begin
return(a*(a+1)/2);
end;
end natural_nos ;
/
Execute natural_nos sum_no(10);
Select natural_nos.sum_no(10) from dual;