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    COLUMNS

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    TRISHA MAE DELOS SANTOS
    1) The document discusses columns and their failure modes including short columns that fail by crushing, long columns that fail by buckling, and intermediate columns that fail by a combination of crushing and buckling. 2) It introduces Euler's formula for calculating the critical buckling load of columns and defines the effective length used in the formula based on boundary conditions like simply supported, built-in ends, cantilever, and propped cantilever. 3) Examples are provided to calculate the critical load and stress of columns and determine the design strength of a steel column based on its effective length and material properties using AISC specifications.

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    COLUMNS

    Uploaded by

    TRISHA MAE DELOS SANTOS
    12 views21 pages
    1) The document discusses columns and their failure modes including short columns that fail by crushing, long columns that fail by buckling, and intermediate columns that fail by a combination of crushing and buckling. 2) It introduces Euler's formula for calculating the critical buckling load of columns and defines the effective length used in the formula based on boundary conditions like simply supported, built-in ends, cantilever, and propped cantilever. 3) Examples are provided to calculate the critical load and stress of columns and determine the design strength of a steel column based on its effective length and material properties using AISC specifications.

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    1) The document discusses columns and their failure modes including short columns that fail by crushing, long columns that fail by buckling, and intermediate columns that fail by a combination of crushing and buckling. 2) It introduces Euler's formula for calculating the critical buckling load of columns and defines the effective length used in the formula based on boundary conditions like simply supported, built-in ends, cantilever, and propped cantilever. 3) Examples are provided to calculate the critical load and stress of columns and determine the design strength of a steel column based on its effective length and material properties using AISC specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views21 pages

    COLUMNS

    Uploaded by

    TRISHA MAE DELOS SANTOS
    1) The document discusses columns and their failure modes including short columns that fail by crushing, long columns that fail by buckling, and intermediate columns that fail by a combination of crushing and buckling. 2) It introduces Euler's formula for calculating the critical buckling load of columns and defines the effective length used in the formula based on boundary conditions like simply supported, built-in ends, cantilever, and propped cantilever. 3) Examples are provided to calculate the critical load and stress of columns and determine the design strength of a steel column based on its effective length and material properties using AISC specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Engr. John Carlo H.

    Abala
    MECHANICS OF
    DEFORMABLE
    BODIES
    COLUMNS
    Engr. John Carlo H. Abala, CE, RMP
    3

    INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:


    At the end of the session the students should be able to:

    o Solve for the support reactions and deflection of statically


    indeterminate beams
    4

    I N T RO D U C T I O N
    The term column is applied to a member
    that carries a compressive axial load.
    C R I T I C A L L OA D S O F
    COLUMN
    COLUMN

    Columns are generally subdivided into the following three


    types according to how they fail:
    • Short columns fail by crushing (e.g., yielding). Even if loaded
    eccentrically, a short column undergoes negligible lateral
    deflection, so that it can be analyzed as a member subjected
    to combined axial loading and bending.
    COLUMN

    • Long columns fail by buckling. If the axial load is


    increased to a critical value, the initially straight
    shape of a slender column becomes unstable,
    causing the column to deflect laterally, and
    eventually collapse. This phenomenon, which is
    known as buckling, can occur at stresses that are
    smaller (often much smaller) than the yield stress or
    the proportional limit of the material.
    COLUMN

    • Intermediate columns fail by a combination of crushing and


    buckling. Because this mechanism of failure is difficult to
    analyze, intermediate columns are designed using empirical
    formulas derived from experiments.
    Critical Load
    Critical Load: Euler’s Formula

    𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
    𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
    𝐿

    This is the smallest value of P that is capable of maintaining the lateral


    displacement.
    Critical Load (Simply Supported Column)

    Effective length Le = L

    𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
    𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
    𝐿
    Critical Load (Built-in Ends Column)

    Effective length Le = L/2


    Critical Load (Cantilever Column)

    Effective length Le = 2L
    Critical Load (Propped Cantilever Column)

    Effective length Le = 0.7L


    Critical Stress

    The critical load obtained from is physically meaningful only if the


    stress at buckling does not exceed the proportional limit.

    The stress in the column just before it buckles may be found by


    substituting I = Ar2 into, where A is the cross-sectional area and r is
    the least radius of gyration of the cross section.
    Critical Load

    Select the lightest W-shape that can be used as a steel column 7 m


    long to support an axial load of 450 kN with a factor of safety of 3.
    Use σpl = 200 MPa and E = 200 GPa. Assume that the column is (1)
    simply supported; and (2) a propped cantilever.
    Intermediate Column

    Critical stress versus


    slenderness ratio
    for columns.
    Intermediate Column

    NOMINAL BUCKLING STRESS


    Intermediate Column

    Criteria for nonslender sections


    Intermediate Column

    Using AISC specifications, determine the design strength of a W360


    x 122 section that is used as a 9-m-long column. Assume that the
    column has (1) simple supports at both ends; and (2) a simple
    support at one end, with the other end being built-in.
    Use E = 200 GPa and σyp = 350 MPa (A992 steel).

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