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RHS: 𝐴 X 𝐵 = {(2,0), (2,1), (3,0), (3,1)

𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(2,1), (2,2), (3,1), (3,2)
(𝐴 X 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 X 𝐶) =) = {(2, 1), (3, 1)}  (2)
5 Mark
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 X 𝐶).
3) 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝕎/ 𝑥 < 2 } , 𝐵 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 4} and 𝐶 =
UNIT – 1. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS {3, 5} then, verify that𝐴 X (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 X 𝐶).
Soln:-
1) 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 1 < 𝑥 < 4 } , 𝐵 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝕎/ 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2} and Given, 𝐴 = {0, 1}
𝐶 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 𝑥 < 3 } then verify that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) =
𝐵 = {2, 3, 4}
(𝐴 X 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 X 𝐶).
Soln:- 𝐶 = {3, 5}
Given, 𝐴 = {2, 3} LHS: 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {2, 3, 4, 5}
𝐵 = {0, 1} 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (0,5), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5)}
𝐶 = {1, 2}  (1)
LHS: 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {0, 1, 2}
𝐴 X (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = {(2,0), (2,1), (2,2), (3,0), (3,1), (3,2)}  (1) RHS: 𝐴 X 𝐵 = {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)}
𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)}
RHS: 𝐴 X 𝐵 = {(2,0), (2,1), (3,0), (3,1)
𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(2,1), (2,2), (3,1), (3,2) (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 X 𝐶) =
(𝐴 X 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 X 𝐶) = {(2,0), (2,1), (2,2), (3,0), (3,1), (3,2)}  (2) {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (0,5), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5)}  (2)

∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 X 𝐶). ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 X 𝐶).
2) 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 1 < 𝑥 < 4 } , 𝐵 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝕎/ 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2} and 4) 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝕎/ 𝑥 < 2 } , 𝐵 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 4} and 𝐶 =
𝐶 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 𝑥 < 3 } then that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∩ {3, 5} then, verify that 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 X 𝐶).
(𝐴 X 𝐶. Soln:-
Soln:- Given, 𝐴 = {0, 1}
Given, 𝐴 = {2, 3} 𝐵 = {2, 3, 4}
𝐵 = {0, 1} 𝐶 = {3, 5}
𝐶 = {1, 2} LHS: 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = { 3 }
LHS: 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = { 1 } 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = {(0, 3), (1,3)}  (1)
𝐴 X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = {(2, 1), (3, 1)}  (1)
RHS: 𝐴 X 𝐵 = {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)}
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𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)} (𝐴 X 𝐶 ) ∩ (𝐵 X 𝐶 ) = {(2, 2), (3, 2), (5, 2), (7, 2)}  (2)
(𝐴 X 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 X 𝐶) = {(0, 3), (1,3)}  (2)
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) X 𝐶 = (𝐴 X 𝐶 ) ∩ (𝐵 X 𝐶 ).
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 X 𝐶). 7) Let 𝐴 = The set of all natural numbers less than 8, 𝐵 = The
5) 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 1 < 𝑥 < 4 } , 𝐵 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝕎/ 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2} and set of all prime numbers less than 8 and 𝐶 = The set of
𝐶 = {𝑥 ∈ ℕ/ 𝑥 < 3 } then verify that, (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) X 𝐶 = even prime number. Verify that 𝐴 X (𝐵 − 𝐶) =
(𝐴 X 𝐶 ) ∪ (𝐵 X 𝐶 ). (𝐴 X 𝐵 ) − (𝐴 X 𝐶 ).
Soln:- Soln:-
Given, 𝐴 = {2, 3} Given, 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
𝐵 = {0, 1} 𝐵 = {2, 3, 5, 7}
𝐶 = {1, 2} 𝐶 ={2}
LHS: 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {0, 1, 2, 3} LHS: 𝐵 − 𝐶 = { 3, 5, 7 }
(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)X 𝐶) = {(0,1), (0,2), (1,1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,2), (3,1), (3,2)} 𝐴 X (𝐵 − 𝐶)
 (1) = {(1,3), (1, 5), (1,7), (2,3), (2, 5), (2,7), (3,3), (3, 5), (3,7),
(4,3), (4, 5), (4,7), (5,3), (5, 5), (5,7), (6,3), (6, 5), (6,7), (7,3),
RHS: 𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(2,1), (2,2), (3,1), (3,2) (7, 5), (7,7)}  (1)
𝐵 X 𝐶 = {(0,1), (0,2), (1,1), (1,2)
(𝐴 X 𝐶) ∪ (𝐵 X 𝐶) = RHS: 𝐴X𝐵 =
{(0,1), (0,2), (1,1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,2), (3,1), (3,2)}  (2) {(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,2), (3,3), (3,5),
(3,7), (4,2), (4,3), (4,5), (4,7), (5,2), (5,3), (5,5), (5,7), (6,2), (6,3),
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) X 𝐶 = (𝐴 X 𝐶 ) ∪ (𝐵 X 𝐶 ). (6,5), (6,7), (7,2), (7,3), (7,5), (7,7)}
6) Let 𝐴 = The set of all natural numbers less than 8, 𝐵 = The set
of all prime numbers less than 8 and 𝐶 = The set of even prime 𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,2)}
number. Verify that (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) X 𝐶 = (𝐴 X 𝐶 ) ∩ (𝐵 X 𝐶 ).
Soln:- (𝐴 X 𝐵 ) − (𝐴 X 𝐶 ) =
Given, 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {(1,3), (1, 5), (1,7), (2,3), (2, 5), (2,7), (3,3), (3, 5), (3,7), (4,3),
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5, 7} (4, 5), (4,7), (5,3), (5, 5), (5,7), (6,3), (6, 5), (6,7),
𝐶 ={2} (7,3), (7, 5), (7,7)}  (2)
LHS: 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {2, 3, 5, 7 }
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) X 𝐶 = {(2, 2), (3, 2), (5, 2), (7, 2)}  (1) ∴ (from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝐴 X (𝐵 − 𝐶) = (𝐴 X 𝐵 ) −
(𝐴 X 𝐶 ).
RHS: 𝐴 X 𝐶 = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6, 2), (7,2)} 8) 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3} , 𝐵 = {2, 3, 5}, 𝐶 = {3, 4} and 𝐷 = {1, 3, 5} then
𝐵 X 𝐶 = {(2,2), (3,2), (5,2), (7,2) verify that, (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐷) = (𝐴 X 𝐵 ) ∩ (𝐶 X 𝐷 ).

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Soln:-
LHS: 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = { 3}
𝐵 ∩ 𝐷 = {3, 5}
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐷) = {(3, 3), (3, 5)}  (1)
RHS: 𝐴X𝐵 =
{(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5), (3,2), (3,3), (3,5)}
𝐶 X 𝐷 = {(3,1), (3,3), (3,5), (4,1), (4,3), (4,5)}
(𝐴 X 𝐵 ) ∩ (𝐶 X 𝐷) == {(3, 3), (3, 5)}  (2)

∴ from (1) and (2), (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) X (𝐵 ∩ 𝐷) = (𝐴 X 𝐵 ) ∩ (𝐶 X 𝐷 ).

9) Let𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4} and 𝐵 = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14} be two sets. Let𝑓 ∶ 10)Let𝐴 = {2, 4, 6, 10, 12} and 𝐵 = {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9} be two sets. Let𝑓 ∶
𝑥
𝐴 ⟶ 𝐵 be a function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1. Represent this 𝐴 ⟶ 𝐵be a function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 1. Represent this function
function (i) as a set of ordered pairs (ii) in a table form (iii) by (i) as a set of ordered pairs (ii) in a table form (iii) by arrow diagram
arrow diagram (iv) in a graphical form. (iv) in a graphical form.
Soln:- Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 𝑥
Soln:- Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = − 1
𝑓(1) = 2, 𝑓(2) = 5, 𝑓(3) = 8, 𝑓(4) = 11 2
𝑓(2) = 0, 𝑓(4) = 1, 𝑓(6) = 2, 𝑓(10) = 4, 𝑓(12) = 5
(i) Set of ordered pairs:-
(i) Set of ordered pairs:-
𝑓(𝑥) = {(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 8), (4, 11)}
𝑓(𝑥) = {(2, 0), (4, 1), (6, 2), (10, 4), (12, 5)}
(ii) Table form:-
(ii) Table form:-
𝑥 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 2 5 8 11 𝑥 2 4 6 10 12
𝑓(𝑥) 0 1 2 4 5
(iii) Arrow diagram:- (iv) Graphical Form:-
(iii) Arrow diagram:- (iv) Graphical form:-

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But the range of 𝑓 = {5, 8, 11, 14, 17, … } is a proper subset of ℕ.
Therefore 𝑓 is not an onto function. That is 𝑓 is an into function.
Thus 𝑓 is one-one and into function.
12) Forensic Scientists can determine the height (in cms) of a person
based on the length of their thigh bone. They usually do so using
the function ℎ(𝑏) = 2.47𝑏 + 54.10 where 𝑏 is the length of the
thigh bone.
(i) Verify that the function ℎis one-one.
(ii) Also find the height of a person if the length of his thigh bone is 50
cms.
(iii)Find the lengthof the thigh bone if the height of a person is 147.96
cms
Soln:- Given, ℎ(𝑏) = 2.47𝑏 + 54.10
11) Let 𝑓 be a function 𝑓 ∶ ℕ ⟶ ℕ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2, 𝑥𝜖ℕ
(i) Find the images of 1, 2, 3 (ii) Find the pre-images of 29, 53. (i) To check if ℎ is one-one, we assume that
Soln:- Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 ℎ(𝑏1 ) = ℎ(𝑏2 )
⟹ 2.47𝑏1 + 54.10 = 2.47𝑏2 + 54.10
(i) 𝑓(1) = 3(1) + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5 ⟹ 2.47𝑏1 = 2.47𝑏2
𝑓(2) = 3(2) + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8 ⟹ 𝑏1 = 𝑏2
𝑓(3) = 3(3) + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11 Thus, ℎ(𝑏1 ) = ℎ(𝑏2 ) ⟹ 𝑏1 = 𝑏2
The images of 1, 2, 3 are 5, 8, 11 respectively. So the function ℎ is one-one.
(ii)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 29 Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 53 (ii) If the length of the thigh bone 𝑏 = 50 cm, then the height
3𝑥 + 2 = 29 3𝑥 + 2 = 53 is,
3𝑥 = 29 − 2 3𝑥 = 53 − 2 ℎ(50) = 2.47(50) + 54.10
3𝑥 = 27 3𝑥 = 51 = 123.5 + 54.10
27 51 = 177.6 cms
𝑥= 𝑥=
3 3
𝑥=9 𝑥 = 17 (iii) If the height of a person is 147.96 cms, then
ℎ(𝑏) = 147.96
(iii) Since different elements of ℕ have different images in the co- 2.47𝑏 + 54.10 = 147.96
domain, the function 𝑓 is one-one function. 2.47𝑏 = 147.96 − 54.10
The co-domain of 𝑓 is ℕ. 2.47𝑏 = 93.86

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93.86 9386 5𝐶−9𝐶
𝑏 = 2.47 = 247 ⟹ = 32
5
𝑏 = 38 ⟹ 5𝐶 − 9𝐶 = 5 x 32
The length of the thigh bone is, 𝑏 = 38 cms. ⟹ −4𝐶 = 160
160
13) The function ′𝑡′ which maps temperature in Celsius (𝐶) into ⟹ 𝐶 = −4
temperature in Fahrenheit (𝐹) is defined by 𝑡(𝐶) = 𝐹 where 𝐹 =
9 ⟹ 𝐶 = −40
𝐶 + 32) 14) The distance S (in Kms) travelled by a particle in time ′𝑡′ hours
5
(i) 𝑡(0) (ii) 𝑡(28) (iii) 𝑡(−10) 𝑡 2 +𝑡
is given by 𝑆(𝑡) = 2 . Find the distance travelled by the
(iv) the value of C when 𝑡(𝐶) = 212
(v) the temperature when the Celsius value is equal to the Farenheit particle after (i) three and half hours (ii) eight hours and fifteen
value. minutes.
9 𝑡 2 +𝑡
Soln:- Given, 𝑡(𝐶) = 𝐹 = 5 𝐶 + 32 Soln:- Given, 𝑆(𝑡) = 2
9 (3.5)2 +3.5
(i) 𝑡(0) = 5 (0) + 32 = 0 + 32 = 32 (i) 𝑡 = 3.5 hours, 𝑆(3.5) = 2
9 252 12.25 + 3.5
𝑡(28) = (28) + 32 = + 32 = 50.4 + 32 = 82.4 =
5 5 2
9 15.75
(ii) 𝑡(−10) = 5 (−10) + 32 = 9 x (−2) + 32 = −18 + 32 =
2
= 14 = 7.875
(ii) WKT, 0.25 Hour = 15 Minutes
(iii) Given, 𝑡(𝐶) = 212 (8.25)2 +8.25
9 𝑡 = 8.25 hours, 𝑆(8.25) =
⟹ 5 𝐶 + 32 = 212 2
9 68.0625 + 8.25
⟹ 𝐶 = 212 − 32 =
5
9
2
⟹ 𝐶 = 180 76.3125
5 =
180 x 5 2
⟹ 𝐶= 9
⟹ 𝐶 = 20 x 5 = 38.15625
⟹ 𝐶 = 100 𝑓(0)+𝑓(1)
15) A function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 (i) find 2
(iv) Given, 𝐶 = 𝐹 (ii) find 𝑥 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.
9 (iii) find 𝑥 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥.
⟹ 𝐶 = 𝐶 + 32
5 (iv) find 𝑥 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑓(1 − 𝑥).
9
⟹ 𝐶 − 5 𝐶 = 32 Soln:- Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3

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𝑓(0)+𝑓(1) (ii) Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 Find the height of a woman whose forehand length is 40
(iii)
(i)
2
2𝑥 − 3 = 0 cm.
[2(0) − 3] + [2(1) − 3]
= 2𝑥 = 3 (iv) Find the length of forehand of a woman if her height is
2 3 53.3 inches.
[0 − 3] + [2 − 3] 𝑥=
= 2 Soln:- Given, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
2 (i)
[−3] + [−1]
=
2
−3 − 1
=
2
−4
=
2
= −2 It is clear that, each element of domain is having a unique
(iii) Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 (iv) Given, images in co-domain and hence it is a function.
2𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1 − 𝑥) (ii) From the table, 35𝑎 + 𝑏 = 56  (1)
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 3 2𝑥 − 3 = 2(1 − 𝑥) − 3 45𝑎 + 𝑏 = 65  (2)
𝑥=3 2𝑥 − 3 = 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 (1) – (2) : −10𝑎 = −9
9
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 3 + 2 − 3 𝑎=
4𝑥 = 2 10
2 1 𝑎 = 0.9
𝑥= = Substituting, 𝑎 = 0.9 in (1) we get,
4 2
16) The data i the adjacent table depicts the length of a woman’s 35(0.9) + 𝑏 = 56
forehand and her corresponding height. Based on this data, a 31.5 + 𝑏 = 56
student finds a relationship between the height (𝑦) and the 𝑏 = 56 − 31.5
forehand length (𝑥) as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 Where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. 𝑏 = 24.5
Length of forehand Height (i) When, 𝑥 = 40 cm, 𝑎 = 0.9, 𝑏 = 24.5
(in cm) (𝑥) (in inches) (𝑦) 𝑦 = (40 x 0.9) + 24.5
35 56 = 36 + 24.5
45 65 = 60.5 inches
50 69.5 Height of a woman, 𝑦 = 60.5 inches
55 74
(ii) When, 𝑦 = 53.3 inches,
(i) Check if this relation is a function.
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 53.3
(ii) Find 𝑎 and 𝑏.
0.9𝑥 + 24.5 = 53.3
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0.9𝑥 = 53.3 − 24.5 = [−17] + [20 − 1]
0.9𝑥 = 28.8 = −17 + 19
28.8 288 =2
𝑥= = = 32
0.9 9 (ii) 𝑓(7) − 𝑓(1) = [3(7) − 4] − [6(1) + 1]
Length of forehead of a woman, 𝑥 = 32 cm. = [21 − 4] − [6 + 1]
17) If the function 𝑓 is defined by = 17 − 7 = 10
𝑥+2 ; 𝑥>1 (iii) 2𝑓(4) + 𝑓(8) = 2[5(4)2 − 1] + [3(8) − 4]
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 ; −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 = 2[5(16) − 1] + [24 − 4]
𝑥 − 1 ; −3 < 𝑥 < −1 = 2[80 − 1] + [20]
then, find the values of = 2[79] + 20
(i) 𝑓(3) (ii)𝑓(0) (iii)𝑓(−1.5) (iv)𝑓(2) + 𝑓(−2) = 158 + 20
Soln:- = 178
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 ; 𝑥 = 2, 3, 4, 5, … …
𝑓(𝑥) = 2; 𝑥 = −1, 0, 1 2𝑓(−2)−𝑓(6) 2[6(−2)+1]−[3(6)−4]
(iv) =
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 ; 𝑥 = −2 𝑓(4)+𝑓(−2) [5(4)2 −1]+[6(−2)+1]
2[−12+1]−[18−4]
= [5(16)−1]+[−12+1]
(i) 𝑓(3) = 3 + 2 = 5
(ii) 𝑓(0) = 2 2[−11]−[14]
= [80−1]+[−11]
(iii) 𝑓(−1.5) = −1.5 − 1 = −2.5
−22−14
(iv) 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(−2) = [2 + 2] + [−2 − 1] = 4 − 3 = 1 =
79−11
18) If the function 𝑓: [−5, 9] ⟶ ℝ defined as follows −36 −9
6𝑥 + 1 ; −5 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 = =
68 17
𝑓(𝑥) = {5𝑥 2 − 1 ; 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 6 then, find the values of 19) Let 𝐴 = {−1, 1} and 𝐵 = {0, 2}. If the function, 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is
3𝑥 − 4 ; 6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 9 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is an onto function, find 𝑎 and 𝑏.
(i) 𝑓(−3) + 𝑓(2) (ii) 𝑓(7) − 𝑓(1) Soln:- Given, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ,
2𝑓(−2)−𝑓(6)
(iii) 2𝑓(4) + 𝑓(8)(iv) Domain, 𝐴 = {−1, 1}
𝑓(4)+𝑓(−2)
Co-domain, 𝐵 = {0, 2}
Soln:-
Also, 𝑦 is an onto function .
𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 = −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1
Here, there are two cases, one is 𝑓(−1) = 0 , 𝑓(1) = 2 and the another
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 − 1 ; 𝑥 = 2, 3, 4, 5
one is (−1) = 2 , 𝑓(1) = 0 .
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4; 𝑥 = 6, 7, 8, 9
Case-1:- 𝑓(−1) = 0 ⟹ 𝑎(−1) + 𝑏 = 0 ⟹ −𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 (1)
(i) 𝑓(−3) + 𝑓(2) = [6(−3) + 1] + [5(2)2 − 1] 𝑓(1) = 2 ⟹ 𝑎(1) + 𝑏 = 2 ⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2  (2)
= [−18 + 1] + [5(4) − 1] (1)+(2) :𝑏 + 𝑏 = 0 + 2 Substituting 𝑏 = 1 in (2) we get,

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2𝑏 = 2 𝑎+1=2 −3𝑘 + 𝑘 = 12 − 2
2 𝑎 =2−1 −2𝑘 = 10
𝑏= 10
2 𝑎=1
𝑏=1 𝑘=
−2
Case-2:- 𝑓(−1) = 2 ⟹ 𝑎(−1) + 𝑏 = 2 ⟹ −𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2 (3) 𝑘 = −5
𝑓(1) = 0 ⟹ 𝑎(1) + 𝑏 = 0 ⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 (4) 22) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 𝑘, 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 5 and 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓, then find
(3)+(4) :𝑏 + 𝑏 = 0 + 2 Substituting 𝑏 = 1 in (4) we get, the value of 𝑘.
2𝑏 = 2 𝑎+1=0 Soln:-
2 𝑎 =0−1 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = (2𝑥 − 𝑘) 𝑜 (4𝑥 + 5) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = (4𝑥 + 5) 𝑜 (2𝑥 − 𝑘)
𝑏=
2 𝑎 = −1 = 2(4𝑥 + 5) − 𝑘 = 4(2𝑥 − 𝑘) + 5
𝑏=1 = 8𝑥 + 10 − 𝑘 = 8𝑥 − 4𝑘 + 5
Therefore, = 1 , 𝑎 = −1 and 𝑏 = 1.
20) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2, 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑘 and 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓, then find Given, 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓
the value of 𝑘. 8𝑥 + 10 − 𝑘 = 8𝑥 − 4𝑘 + 5
Soln:- 4𝑘 − 𝑘 = 5 − 10
𝑓𝑜𝑔 = (3𝑥 − 2) 𝑜 (2𝑥 + 𝑘) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = (2𝑥 ∓ 𝑘) 𝑜 (3𝑥 − 2) 3𝑘 = −5
= 3(2𝑥 + 𝑘) − 2 = 2(3𝑥 − 2) + 𝑘 −5
= 6𝑥 + 3𝑘 − 2 = 6𝑥 − 4 + 𝑘 𝑘=
3
Given, 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓 23) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥. Prove that
6𝑥 + 3𝑘 − 2 = 6𝑥 − 4 + 𝑘 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ.
3𝑘 − 𝑘 = 2 − 4 Soln:-
2𝑘 = −2 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (2𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 [(1 − 2𝑥) 𝑜 (3𝑥)]
−2
𝑘= 2 = (2𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 [1 − 2(3𝑥)]
𝑘 = −1 = (2𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 (1 − 6𝑥)
= 2(1 − 6𝑥) + 3
21) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2, 𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 𝑘 and 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓, then find
= 2 − 12𝑥 + 3
the value of 𝑘.
= 5 − 12𝑥  (1)
Soln:-
(𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ = [(2𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 (1 − 2𝑥)]𝑜(3𝑥)]
𝑓𝑜𝑔 = (3𝑥 + 2) 𝑜 (6𝑥 − 𝑘) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = (6𝑥 − 𝑘) 𝑜 (3𝑥 + 2)
= [2(1 − 2𝑥) + 3] 𝑜 (3𝑥)
= 3(6𝑥 − 𝑘) + 2 = 6(3𝑥 + 2) − 𝑘
= (2 − 4𝑥 + 3)𝑜 (3𝑥)
= 18𝑥 − 3𝑘 + 2 = 18𝑥 + 12 − 𝑘
Given, 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = (5 − 4𝑥) + (3𝑥)
= 5 − 4(3𝑥)
18𝑥 − 3𝑘 + 2 = 18𝑥 + 12 − 𝑘
= 5 − 12𝑥 (2)

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∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ. = 9𝑥 + 7
24) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 then verify 𝑓𝑔𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑜 𝑔 𝑜 𝑔
that 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ. = (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑜 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 (𝑥 + 3)
Soln:- = (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑜 (𝑥 + 3 + 3)
𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑥 − 1) 𝑜 [(3𝑥 + 1) 𝑜 (𝑥 2 )] = (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑜 (𝑥 + 6]
= (𝑥 − 1) 𝑜 (3𝑥 2 + 1) = 3(𝑥 + 6) + 1
= 3𝑥 2 + 1 − 1 = 3𝑥 + 18 + 1
= 3𝑥 2  (1) = 3𝑥 + 19
(𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ = [(𝑥 − 1) 𝑜 (3𝑥 + 1)]𝑜(𝑥 2 )] Given, 𝑔𝑓𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓𝑔𝑔(𝑥)
= (3𝑥 + 1 − 1) 𝑜 (𝑥 2 ) 9𝑥 + 7 = 3𝑥 + 19
= (3𝑥) 𝑜 (𝑥 2 ) 9𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 19 − 7
= 3𝑥 2  (2) 6𝑥 = 12
12
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ. 𝑥= 6
25) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5 then verify 𝑥=2
that 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ.
Soln:-
UNIT -3. ALGEBRA (MATRICES)
3 1
𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑥 2 ) 𝑜 [(2𝑥) 𝑜 (𝑥 + 4)] 27) If A = ( ) then prove that A2 − 5A + 7𝐼2 = 0.
−1 2
= (𝑥 2 ) 𝑜 2(𝑥 + 4) Soln:-
= (𝑥 2 ) 𝑜 (2𝑥 + 8) 3 1 3 1
= (2𝑥 + 8)2  (1) 𝐴2 = 𝐴 x 𝐴 = ( )x( )
−1 2 −1 2
2
(𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ = [(𝑥 ) 𝑜 (2𝑥)] 𝑜 (𝑥 + 4)] 9−1 3+2
=( )
= (2𝑥)2 𝑜 (𝑥 + 4) −3 − 2 −1 + 4
8 5
= [2(𝑥 + 4)]2 =( )
−5 3
= (2𝑥 + 8)]2  (2) 3 1 −15 −5
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that, 𝑓𝑜(𝑔𝑜ℎ) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)𝑜ℎ. −5A = −5 ( )=( )
−1 2 5 −10
26) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 be any two functions. Also 1 0 7 0
7I2 = 7 ( )=( )
if 𝑔𝑓𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓𝑔𝑔(𝑥), find the value of ′𝑥′. 0 1 0 7
8 5 −15 −5 7 0
Soln:- 𝑔𝑓𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔 𝑜 𝑓 𝑜 𝑓 A2 − 5A + 7𝐼2 = ( )+( )+( )
= (𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑜 (3𝑥 + 1) −5 3 5 −10 0 7
8 − 15 + 7 5 − 5 + 0
= (𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 [3(3𝑥 + 1) + 1] =( )
−5 + 5 + 0 3 − 10 + 7
= (𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 (9𝑥 + 3 + 1] 0 0
=( )
= (𝑥 + 3) 𝑜 (9𝑥 + 4] 0 0
= 9𝑥 + 4 + 3  A2 − 5A + 7𝐼2 = 0
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a b 1 0 2 − 2 + 0 −1 + 8 + 2
28) If A = ( ),𝐼 = ( ) then prove that A2 − (a + d)A = =( )
c d 0 1 4 + 1 + 0 −2 − 4 + 2
(bc − ad)7𝐼2 = 0 . 0 9
=( )
Soln:- 5 −4
a b a b 0 5
𝐴2 = 𝐴 x 𝐴 = ( )x( ) (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = ( ) (1)
c d c d 9 −4
2 RHS:-
= ( a + 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 ) 1 2
𝑎𝑐 + 𝑑𝑐 𝑐𝑏 + d2 𝑇 2 −1 0 𝑇
a b 𝐵 =( ) and 𝐴 = (2 −1)
−(a + d)A = −(a + d) ( ) −1 4 2
c d 1 1
−(a + d)a −(a + d)b 1 2
=( ) 2 −1 0
−(a + d)c −(a + d)d 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = ( ) x (2 −1)
−1 4 2
2 1 1
= (− a − ad −ab − db2 ) 2−2+0 4+1+0
−ac − dc −ad − d =( )
a 2
+ 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑) + −1 + 8 + 2 −2 − 4 + 2
2
A − (a + d)A = ( 0 5
𝑎𝑐 + 𝑑𝑐 𝑐𝑏 + d2 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = ( )  (2)
2 9 −4
(− a − ad −ab − db2 ) ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 .
−ac − dc −ad − d 1 7
2 2
=( a + 𝑏𝑐 − a − ad 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑑 ) 5 2 9
30) If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = (1 2 ) then verify that
𝑎𝑐 + 𝑑𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑑𝑐 𝑐𝑏 + d2 − ad − d2 1 2 8
𝑏𝑐 − ad 0 5 −1
=( ) (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 .
0 𝑏𝑐 − ad
1 0 Soln:-
= (bc − ad) ( )
0 1
= (bc − ad )I2 LHS:-
Hence Proved.
2 −1 1 7
1 2 1 5 2 9
29) If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = (−1 4 ) then verify that AB = ( ) x (1 2 )
2 −1 1 1 2 8
0 2 5 −1
(𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 .
Soln:- 5 + 2 + 45 35 + 4 − 9
=( )
LHS:- 1 + 2 + 40 7+4−8
2 −1
1 2 1 52 30
AB = ( ) x (−1 4) =( )
2 −1 1 43 3
0 2

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52 43 1 1 4 1
(𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = ( ) (1) 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵 𝑇 = ( )− ( )
30 3 2 3 0 5
RHS:- 1 1 −4 −1
=( )+ ( )
5 1 2 3 0 −5
1 1 5 1−4 1−1
𝐵𝑇 = ( ) ÁüÚõ 𝐴𝑇 = (2 2) =( )
7 2 −1 2+0 3−5
9 8
−3 0
5 1 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵 𝑇 = ( )  (2)
1 1 5 2 −2
𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = ( ) x (2 2 )
7 2 −1 ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that (𝐴 − 𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵 𝑇 .
9 8
5 + 2 + 45 1 + 2 + 40 1 1 1 2 −7 6
=( ) 32) If A = ( ),B = ( ) and C = ( ) then prove
35 + 4 − 9 7 + 4 − 8 −1 3 −4 2 3 2
52 43 that prove that A(B + C) = AB + AC.
𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = ( )  (2) Soln:-
30 3
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 . LHS:-
1 2 4 0 1 2 −7 6
31) If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ) then verify that (𝐴 − 𝐵)𝑇 = B+C=( )+( )
1 3 1 5 −4 2 3 2
𝐵 𝑇 − 𝐴𝑇 . 1−7 2+6
=( )
Soln:- −4 + 3 2 + 2
LHS:- −6 8
=( )
1 2 4 0 −1 4
A−B=( ) − ( ) 1 1 −6 8
1 3 1 5 A(B + C) = ( )x ( )
1 2 −4 0 −1 3 −1 4
=( )+( ) −6 − 1 8+4
1 3 −1 −5 =( )
1−4 2+0 6 − 3 −8 + 12
=( ) −7 12
1−1 3−5 =( )  (1)
−3 2 3 4
A−B=( ) RHS:-
0 −2
−3 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 −7 6
(𝐴 − 𝐵)𝑇 = ( ) (1) AB = ( )x ( ) AC = ( )x( )
2 −2 −1 3 −4 2 −1 3 3 2
RHS:- 1−4 2+2 −7 + 3 6 + 2
=( ) =( )
1 1 4 1 −1 − 12 −2 + 6 7 + 9 −6 + 6
𝐴𝑇 = ( ) and 𝐵 𝑇 = ( ) −3 4 −4 8
2 3 0 5 =( ) =( )
−13 4 16 0

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−3 4 −4 8 10 − 11 14 + 6 8 + 11
AB + AC = ( )+ ( ) =( )
−13 4 16 0 2+9 −10 + 14 8 + 7
−3 − 4 4+8 −1 20 19
=( ) =( )  (2)
−13 + 16 4 + 0 11 4 15
−7 12 ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that A(B + C) = AB + AC .
=( )  (2)
3 4 1 2 4 0 2 0
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that A(B + C) = AB + AC. 34) If A = ( ),B = ( ) and C = ( ) then prove that
1 3 1 5 1 2
1 3 1 −1 2 1 3 2 (A − B)C = AC − BC.
33) If A = ( ),B = ( ) and C = ( )
5 −1 3 5 2 −4 1 3 Soln:-
than, prove that A(B + C) = AB + AC.
Soln:- LHS:-
LHS:- 1 2 4 0
A−B=( )−( )
1 −1 2 1 3 2 1 3 1 5
B+C=( )+( ) 1 2 −4 0
3 5 2 −4 1 3 =( )+( )
1 + 1 −1 + 3 2 + 2 2 2 4 1 3 −1 −5
=( )=( ) 1−4 2+0
3−4 5+1 2+3 −1 6 5 =( )
1 3 2 2 4 1−1 3−5
A(B + C) = ( )x ( ) −3 2
5 −1 −1 6 5 =( )
0 −2
2 − 3 2 + 18 4 + 15
=( )
10 + 1 10 − 6 20 − 5 (A − B)C = (−3 2 ) x (2 0)
−1 20 19 0 −2 1 2
=( )  (1) −6 + 2 0 + 4
11 4 15 =( )
RHS:- 0−2 0−4
1 3 1 −1 2 1 3 1 3 2 −4 4
AB = ( )x( ) AC = ( )x( ) =( )  (1)
5 −1 3 5 2 5 −1 −4 1 3 −2 −4
RHS:-
1 + 9 −1 + 15 2 + 6 1 − 12 3 + 3 2+9 1 2 2 0 4 0 2 0
=( ) =( ) AC = ( )x( ) BC = ( )x( )
5 − 3 −5 − 5 10 − 2 5 + 4 15 − 1 10 − 3 1 3 1 2 1 5 1 2
10 14 8 −11 6 11
=( ) =( ) 2+2 0+4 8+0 0+0
2 −10 8 9 14 7 =( ) =( )
2+3 0+6 2 + 5 0 + 10
10 14 8 −11 6 11 4 4 8 0
AB + AC = ( )+ ( ) =( ) =( )
2 −10 8 9 14 7 5 6 7 10

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= 𝐼2
4 4 8 0 Hence Proved.
AC − BC = ( )− ( )
5 6 7 10 1 2 4 0 2 0
36) If A = ( ),B = ( ) and C = ( ) then prove that
4 4 −8 0 1 3 1 5 1 2
=( )+ ( )
5 6 −7 −10 A(BC) = (AB)C .
4−8 4+0 Soln:-
=( )
5 − 7 6 − 10 LHS:- RHS:-
−4 4 4 0 2 0 1 2 4 0
=( )  (2) BC = ( )x( ) AB = ( )x( )
−2 −4 1 5 1 2 1 3 1 5
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that (A − B)C = AC − BC 8+0 0+0 4 + 2 0 + 10
=( ) =( )
2 + 5 0 + 10 4 + 3 0 + 15
cosθ 0 sinθ 0
35) If A=( ) ,B = ( ) then prove that 8 0 6 10
0 cosθ 0 sinθ =( ) =( )
A2 + B2 = 𝐼2 7 10 7 15
Soln:-
A(BC) = (AB)C) = (6 10) x (2 0)
1 2 8 0 7 15 1 2
cosθ 0 cosθ 0 ( )x( )
𝐴2 = 𝐴 x 𝐴 = ( )x( ) 1 3 7 10 12 + 10 0 + 20
0 cosθ 0 cosθ =( )
= 14 + 15 0 + 30
2
= (cos θ + 0 0+0 )
(
8 + 14 0 + 20
) =(
22 20
)  (2)
0+0 0 + cos2 θ 8 + 21 0 + 30 29 30
2
= (cos θ 0 )
=(
22 20
)  (1)
0 cos 2 θ 29 30
sinθ 0 sinθ 0 ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that A(BC) = (AB)C
𝐵2 = 𝐵 x B = ( )x( )
0 sinθ 0 sinθ 1 −1
2 1 2
= (sin θ + 0 0+0 ) 37) If A = (1 −1 2), B = (2 1 ) and C = (
2 −1
) then
0+0 0 + sin2 θ 1 3
2 prove that (AB)C = A(BC).
= (sin θ 0 )
0 sin2 θ Soln:-
2
A2 + B2 = (cos θ 0 ) + (sin2 θ 0 )
0 cos2 θ 0 sin2 θ
2 2
= (cos θ + sin θ 0+0 )
0+0 cos2 θ + sin2 θ
1 0
=( )
0 1

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 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
LHS:- RHS:- 2 1 2 0
39) If A = ( ),B = ( ) then find AB and BA. Also verify
1 −1 1 −1 1 3 1 3
1 2 that AB = 𝐵𝐴.
AB = (1 −1 2) x (2 1 ) BC = (2 1 ) x ( )
2 −1 Soln:-
1 3 1 3
= 1 − 2 + 2 −1 − 1 + 6)
( 1−2 2+1 LHS:- RHS:-
= (1 4) = (2 + 2 4 − 1 ) 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 1
1+6 2−3 AB = ( ) x( ) BA = ( )x( )
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
(AB)C) = (1 4) x (1 2 ) −1 3 4+1 0+3 4+0 2+0
2 −1 =( ) =( )
=( 4 3) 2+3 0+9 2+3 1+9
= (1 + 8 2 − 4)
7 −1 5 3 4 2
= (9 −2)  (1) −1 3 =( )  (1) =( )  (2)
5 9 5 10
A(BC) = (1 −1 2) x ( 4 3)
7 −1
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that AB ≠ 𝐵𝐴.
= (−1 − 4 + 14 3 − 3 − 2)
1 2 1 −2
= (−5 + 14 −2) 40) If A = ( ),B = ( ) then, commutative property
3 1 −3 1
= (9 −2)  (2) AB = BA.
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that (AB)C = A(BC) Soln:-
2 5 1 −3 LHS:- RHS:-
38) If A = ( ),B = ( ) then find AB and BA. Also
4 3 2 5 1 2 1 −2 1 −2 1 2
verify that AB = 𝐵𝐴. AB = ( )x( ) BA = ( )x( )
3 1 −3 1 −3 1 3 1
Soln:- 1 − 6 −2 + 2 1−6 2−2
=( ) =( )
LHS:- RHS:- 3 − 3 −6 + 1 −3 + 3 −6 + 1
−5 0 −5 0
2 5 1 −3 1 −3 2 5 =( )  (1) =( )  (2)
AB = ( )x( ) BA = ( )x( ) 0 −5 0 −5
4 3 2 5 2 5 4 3
2 + 10 −6 + 25 2 − 12 5−9
=( ) =( ) ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that AB = 𝐵𝐴.
4 + 6 −12 + 15 4 + 20 10 + 15
12 19 −10 −4 4 3 1 2 3 4
=( )  (1) =( )  (2) 41) If A = (2 3 −8) , B = ( 1 9 2 ) and
10 3 24 25
1 0 −4 −7 1 −1
8 3 4
∴ from (1) and (2) we see that AB ≠ 𝐵𝐴.
C = (1 −2 3 ) then prove that A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C.
2 4 −1

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 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
Soln:- 6+8 6+3 5+4
LHS:- = ( 3 + 1 12 − 2 −6 + 3)
−6 + 2 1 + 4 −5 − 1
2 3 4 8 3 4
14 9 9
B+C=( 1 9 2 ) + (1 −2 3 ) = ( 4 10 −3)  (2)
−7 1 −1 2 4 −1
−4 5 −6
2+8 3+3 4+4
=( 1+1 ∴ from (1) and (2) we see that A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C.
9−2 2+3 )
−7 + 2 1 + 4 −1 − 1 7 0 3 0
42) Find X and Y if X + Y = ( ) and Y = ( ).
10 6 8 3 5 0 4
=( 2 7 5 ) Soln:-
−5 5 −2 7 0
Given, X + Y = ( )  (1) and
4 3 1 10 6 8 3 5
(B
A + + C) = (2 3 −8) + ( 2 7 5 ) 3 0
X−Y=( )  (2)
1 0 −4 −5 5 −2 0 4
4 + 10 3 + 6 1 + 8 (1) + (2) : Substituting the value of X =
= ( 2 + 2 3 + 7 −8 + 5) 7 0 3 0 5 0
1 − 5 0 + 5 −4 − 2 15X + X = ( )+( ) ( 3 9 ) in (1) we get,
3 5 0 4 2 2
14 9 9 7+3 0+0
= ( 4 10 −3)  (1) 2X = ( ) 5 0 7 0
3+0 5+4 (3 9) + Y = ( )
−4 5 −6 1 10 0 2 2
3 5
X = 2( )
RHS:- 3 9 7 0 5 0
4 3 1 2 3 4
10
0 Y = ( ) − ( 3 9)
2 3 5 2 2
A + B = (2 3 −8) + ( 1 9 2 ) = ( 3 9)
7 0 −5 0
1 0 −4 −7 1 −1 2 2 =( ) + (− 3 − 9 )
4+2 3+3 1+4 5 0 3 5 2 2
= (2 + 1 3 + 9 −8 + 2) X = (3 9) 7−5 0+0
1 − 7 0 + 1 −4 − 1 2 2 = (3 − 3 5 − 9)
6 6 5 2 2

= ( 3 −6 −6) 2 0
Y = (6−3 10−9)
−6 1 −5 2 2
6 6 5 8 3 4 2 0
(A + B) + C = ( 3 12 −6) + (1 −2 3 ) Y = (3 1)
−6 1 −5 2 4 −1 2 2

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4 −2 4 If the two matrices are equal, then its corresponding elements are
43) If 𝑥 ( ) + 𝑦 ( ) = ( ) then Find the values of 𝑥
−3 3 6 also equal.
and 𝑦. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4  (1) and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5  (2)
Soln:- (1) x 2 : 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8
4 −2 4 (2) : 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5
Given 𝑥 ( )+𝑦( ) = ( )
−3 3 6 (-) (-) (-)
4𝑥 −2𝑦 4
( )+( )=( )
−3𝑥 3𝑦 6 (Subtract) 4𝑥 − 𝑥 = 8 − 5
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 4 3𝑥 = 3
( )=( )
−3𝑥 + 3𝑦 6 3
𝑥=
If the two matrices are equal, then its corresponding elements are also 3
equal. 𝑥=1
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4 −3𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 Substituting the value of 𝑥 = 1 in (1) , we get
2(1) + 𝑦 = 4
2(2𝑥 − 𝑦) = 4 3(−𝑥 + 𝑦) = 6
2+𝑦 =4
4 6 𝑦 = 4−2
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑦 =
2 3 𝑦=2
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2  (1) −𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2  (2) 𝑥2 −2𝑥 −5
45) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 :( 2 ) + 2 ( )=( )
(1) + (2) : 2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 2 + 2 𝑦 −𝑦 8
𝑥=4 Soln:-
𝑥2 −2𝑥 5
Substituting the value of 𝑥 = 4 in (2) , we get Given ( 2 ) + 2 ( )=( )
𝑦 −𝑦 8
−4 + 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 2 −4𝑥 5
( 2) + ( )=( )
𝑦 = 2+4 𝑦 −2𝑦 8
2
𝑦=6 𝑥 − 4𝑥 −5
( 2 )=( )
2 1 𝑥 4 𝑦 − 2𝑦 8
44) Solve: ( ) ( )=( ) If the two matrices are equal, then its corresponding elements are also
1 2 𝑦 5
Soln:- equal.
2 1 𝑥 4 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 8
Given ( ) (𝑦) = ( ) 2 2
1 2 5 𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 5 = 0 −𝟓 − 4 𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 8 = 0 −𝟖 − 2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 4 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5) = 0 (𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 4) = 0
( )=( )
𝑥 + 2𝑦 5 𝑥 + 1 = 0 or 𝑥 − 5 = 0 𝑦 + 2 = 0 or 𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝑥 = −1 𝑥=5 𝑦 = −2 𝑦=4
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46) Find the non-zero values of x if UNIT – 3. ALGEBRA
2𝑥 2 8 5𝑥 2
𝑥( ) + 2( ) = 2 (𝑥 + 8 24). 47) Find the square root of : 64𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 3 + 17𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
3 𝑥 4 4𝑥 10 6𝑥
Soln:- Soln:-
2𝑥 2 8 5𝑥 2 8 −1 1
Given 𝑥 ( ) + 2( ) = 2 (𝑥 + 8 24) 8 64
3 𝑥 4 4𝑥 10 6𝑥 −16 17 −2 1
2 16 10𝑥 2 64
(2𝑥 2𝑥2 ) + ( ) = (2(𝑥 + 8) 48 )
3𝑥 𝑥 8 8𝑥 20 12𝑥 16 −1 −16 17
2 2 −16 1
( 2𝑥 + 16 2𝑥 + 10𝑥 )=( 2𝑥 + 16 48 )
𝑥+8 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 20 12𝑥 16 −2 1 16 −2 1
2
(2𝑥 + 16 12𝑥 ) = (2𝑥 2 + 16 48 ) 16 −2 1
3𝑥 + 8 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 20 12𝑥 0
If the two matrices are equal, then its corresponding elements ∴ √64𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 3 + 17𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = |8𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1|
are also equal.
48) Find the square root of : 𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 + 42𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 9
12𝑥 = 48 3𝑥 + 8 = 20 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = 12𝑥 Soln:-
48 3𝑥 = 20 − 8 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 12𝑥 = 0 1 −6 3
𝑥=
12 12 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 0 1 1 −12 42 −36 9
𝑥=4 𝑥 =
3 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 0 1
𝑥=4 𝑥 = 0 («) 𝑥 − 4 = 0 2 −6 −12 42
𝑥=4 −12 36
2 −12 3 6 −36 9
6 −36 9
0
∴ √𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 + 42𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 9 = |𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 3|

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49) Find the square root of : 37𝑥2 − 28𝑥3 + 4𝑥4 + 42𝑥 + 9 51) Find the square root of :121𝑥 4 − 198𝑥 3 − 183𝑥 2 + 216𝑥 + 144
Soln:- 4𝑥 4 − 28𝑥 3 + 37𝑥 2 + 42𝑥 +9 Soln:-
11 −9 12
11 121 −198 −183 216 144
2 −7 −3 121
22 −9 −198 −183
2 4 −28 37 42 9
−198 81
4
22 −18 12 −264 216 144
4 −7 − 28 37
−264 216 144
−28 49
4 −14 −3 −12 42 9 0
−12 42 9
∴ √121𝑥 4 − 198𝑥 3 − 183𝑥 2 + 216𝑥 + 144 = |11𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 12|
0
52) Find the square root of :289𝑥 4 − 612𝑥 3 + 970𝑥 2 − 684𝑥 + 361
Soln:-
∴ √4𝑥 4 − 28𝑥 3 + 37𝑥 2 + 42𝑥 + 9 = |2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3|
50) Find the square root of : 16𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 2 + 1 17 −18 19
Soln:- 11 289 −612 970 −684 361
4 0 1 289
34 −18 −612 970
4 16 0 8 0 1
−612 324
16
34 −36 19 646 −684 361
8 1 8 1
646 −684 361
8 1
0
0
∴ √289𝑥 4 − 612𝑥 3 + 970𝑥 2 − 684𝑥 + 361 = |17𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 19|
∴ √16𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 2 + 1 = |4𝑥 2 + 1|

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4𝑥 2 20𝑥 30𝑦 9𝑦 2 Soln:-
53) Find the square root of : + + 13 − +
𝑦2 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥2 3 2 4
Soln:- 3 9 12 28 𝑎 𝑏
2 5 −3 9
2 4 20 13 −30 9 6 2 12 28
4 12 4
4 5 20 13 6 4 4 24 𝑎 𝑏
20 25 24 16 16
4 10 −3 −12 −30 9 0
−12 −30 9
0 𝑎 = 16 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 16
∴

4𝑥 2 20𝑥 30𝑥 9𝑦 2 2𝑥 3𝑦
56) If 4𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 + 37𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎 is a perfect square,
∴ √ + + 13 − + = |𝑦 +5− | then find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏.
𝑦2 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑥
𝑥2 10𝑥 10𝑦 𝑦2 Soln:-
54) Find the square root of : 2
− + 27 − +
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥2
Soln:-

1 −5 1
1 1 −10 27 −10 1 2 −3 7
1 2 4 −12 37 𝑏 𝑎
2 −5 −10 27 4
−10 25 4 −3 −12 37
2 −10 1 2 −10 1 −12 9
2 −10 1 4 −6 7 28 𝑏 𝑎
0 28 −42 49
0
𝑥2 10𝑥 10𝑦 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
∴ √
𝑦2
− 𝑦
+ 27 − 𝑥
+ 𝑥2
= |𝑦 − 5 + 𝑥| 𝑎 = 49 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = −42
∴
55) If 4 3 2
9𝑥 + 12𝑥 + 28𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is a perfect square, then find 57) If 𝑎𝑥 4 + 𝑏𝑥 3 + 361𝑥 2 + 220𝑥 + 100 is a perfect square,
the values of 𝑎, 𝑏. then find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏.
Soln:-
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10 11 12 1 −4 4
10 100 220 361 𝑏 𝑎 1 1 −8 𝑚 𝑛 16
100 1
20 11 220 361 2 −4 −8 𝑚
220 121 −8 16
20 22 12 240 𝑏 𝑎 2 −8 4 𝑚 − 16 𝑛 16
240 264 144 8 −32 16
0 0
∴ 𝑎 = 144 ÁüÚõ 𝑏 = 264 ∴ 𝑚 − 16 = 8 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 = −32
1 6 13 𝑚 𝑚 = 8 + 16
58) If − + + + 𝑛 is a perfect square, then find the 𝑚 = 24
𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥
values of 𝑚, 𝑛. 60) Find the square root of :
Soln:- (6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1)
1 −3 2 Soln:-
1 1 −6 13 𝑚 𝑛
1 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = (3𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 1) −6 1
2 −3 −6 13 −2 3
−6 9 6 6
2 −6 2 4 𝑚 𝑛 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = (3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) −3 2
4 −12 4
0 −1 3
3 3
∴𝑚 = −12 ÁüÚõ 𝑛 = 4 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = (2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1) 2 3
59) 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 𝑚𝑥 2 + 𝑛𝑥 + 16 is a perfect square, then 1 2
find the values of 𝑚, 𝑛.
2 2
Soln:- 2 2 2
∴ √(6𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1)
= √(3𝑥 − 1)2 (2𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1)2 = |(3𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)|
61) Find the square root of ::
(4𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2)(7𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 2)(28𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1)
Soln:-

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2 𝑛(𝑛+1) 2
4𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 2 = (4𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) 8 −9
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 = ( )
2
−1 −8 (i) (23 − 13 ) + (43 − 33 ) + (63 − 5 + ⋯ 𝑛 ¯ÚôÒ¸û ŨÃ
3)

4 4 = (23 + 43 + 63 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 ) − (13 + 33 + 53 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 )
7𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 2 = (7𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2) −14 − 13
= 23 (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 )
1 −14 − [(13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + ⋯ + 2𝑛3 )
7 7 −(23 + 43 + 63 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 )]
28𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 = (7𝑥 + 1)(4𝑥 − 1) −28 −3 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
2
= 8( ) − (13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + ⋯ + 2𝑛3 )
4 −7 2
28 28 +23 (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 )
2 2 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛(2𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
∴ √(4𝑥 2− 9𝑥 + 2)(7𝑥 2
− 13𝑥 − 2)(28𝑥 2
− 3𝑥 − 1) = 8( ) −( ) + 8( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
= √(4𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 2) (7𝑥 + 1) = |(4𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(7𝑥 + 1)| 2 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛(2𝑛 + 1)
UNIT – 2. NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES = 16 ( ) −( )
62) Find the sum of : 103 + 113 + 123 + ⋯ + 203 2 2
Soln:- 𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)2 4𝑛2 (2𝑛 + 1)2
= 16 x −
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2 4 4
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ +𝑛3 = ( ) = 4 𝑛2 (𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 1) − 𝑛2 (4𝑛2 + 4𝑛 + 1)
2
103 + 113 + 123 + ⋯ + 203 = 4 𝑛4 + 8𝑛3 + 4𝑛2 − 4𝑛4 − 4𝑛3 − 𝑛2
= (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 203 ) − (13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 93 ) = 4𝑛3 + 3𝑛2
20 x 21 2 9 x 10 2
=( ) −( ) (ii) 𝑆𝑛 = 4𝑛3 + 3𝑛2
2 2
= (10 x 21)2 − (9 x 5)2 (23 − 13 ) + (43 − 33 ) + (63 − 53 ) + ⋯ 8 terms
= (210)2 − (45)2 𝑆8 = 4(8)3 + 3(8)2
= 44100 − 2025 = 4 x 512 + 3 x 64
= 42075 = 2048 + 192
63) Find the sum of the series (23 − 13 ) + (43 − 33 ) + (63 − = 2240
53 ) + ⋯ to (i) 𝑛 terms (ii) 8 terms. 64) How many terms of the series 13 + 23 + 33 + … should be
Soln:- taken to the sum of 14400 ?
Soln:-

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𝑛(𝑛+1) 2 Taking square root on both sides,
WKT, 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ +𝑛3 = ( )
2 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
Given, 13 + 23 + 33 + … +𝑛3 = 14400 = 45
2
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 2 x 45
( ) = 14400
2 𝑛2 + 𝑛 = 90
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
2 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 90 = 0
( ) = (120)2 (𝑛 − 9)(𝑛 + 10) = 0
2
𝑛 − 9 = 0 (or) 𝑛 + 10 = 0
Taking square root on both sides,
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛=9 𝑛 = −10 −90 1
= 120 Here, 𝑛 is a natural number,
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 2 x 120
we take −9 10
𝑛=9 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛2 + 𝑛 = 240
66) Find the sum of all natural numbers between 300 and 600
𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 240 = 0 −240 1
which are divisible by 7.
(𝑛 − 15)(𝑛 + 16) = 0
Soln:-
𝑛 − 15 = 0 («) 𝑛 + 16 = 0 −15 16 Here, 𝑎 = 301, 𝑙 = 595, 𝑑 = 11
𝑛 = 15 𝑛 = −16 𝑛 𝑛 𝑙−𝑎 𝑛
WKT, 𝑛 =( 𝑑 )+1 WKT, 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑙)
Here, 𝑛 is a natural number, we take, 𝑛 = 15 43
595 − 301 𝑆43 = 2 (301 + 595)
65) The sum of the squares of the first 𝑛 natural numbers is 285, 𝑛=( )+1
7 =
43 x 896
while the sum of their cubes is 2025. Find the value of 𝑛. 294 2
=( 7 )+1
Soln:- = 43 x 448
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) = 42 + 1 = 19264
WKT, 1) 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = 𝑛 = 43
6
𝑛(𝑛+1) 2 67) Find the sum to 𝑛 terms of the series: 5 + 55 + 555 + ⋯.
2) 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ +𝑛3 = ( )
2 Soln:-
Given, 1 + 2 + 3 + … +𝑛3 = 2025
3 3 3
𝑆𝑛 = 5 + 55 + 555 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms
2 = 5(1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
( ) = 2025 9
2 = 5 x 9 (1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
2 5
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = (9 + 99 + 999 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
9
( ) = (45)2 5
2 = 9 [(10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + ⋯ 𝑛 terms]

A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT

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P SENTHILKUMAR, BT ASST, GHS PANAIYUR 626129-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
5 = 4(0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
= 9 [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms) – (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)]
9
WKT, = 4 x 9 (0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 4
𝑆𝑛 = Here, 𝑎 = 10, 𝑟 = 10 = 9 (0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
𝑟−1
4
5 10(10𝑛 − 1) = 9 (1 − 0.1 + 1 − 0.01 + 1 − 0.001 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
= [ −𝑛]
9 10 − 1 4
= 9 [(1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)
5 10(10𝑛 − 1)
= [ − 𝑛] −(0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms]
9 9 4 1 1 1
= 9 [𝑛 − (10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)]
50(10𝑛 − 1) 5𝑛
= − WKT,
9 9 𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 1 1
68) Find the sum to 𝑛 terms of the series: 3 + 33 + 333 + ⋯. 𝑆𝑛 = Here, 𝑎 = 10 , 𝑟 = 10
1−𝑟
Soln:- 1 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛
(1 − ( ) ) (1 − (
𝑆𝑛 = 3 + 33 + 333 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms 4 10 10 4 10 10) )
= 3(1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms) 𝑆𝑛 = [𝑛 − ] = [𝑛 − ]
9 1 9 10 − 1
9 1 − 10
= 3 x (1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms) 10
9 𝑛
1 1 1
= 3 (9 + 99 + 999 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms) 4 10 (1 − (10) )
1 = [𝑛 − ]
= 3 [(10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + ⋯ 𝑛 terms] 9 9
1 10
= 3 [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms) – (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms)]
4 1 10 1 𝑛
WKT, = [𝑛 − x (1 − ( ) )]
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 9 10 9 10
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑟−1 Here, 𝑎 = 10, 𝑟 = 10 4 1 1 𝑛

1 10(10𝑛 − 1) = [𝑛 − (1 − ( ) )]
= [ −𝑛] 9 9 10
3 10 − 1 4𝑛 4 1 𝑛
1 10(10𝑛 − 1) = − [1 − ( ) ]
= [ − 𝑛] 9 81 10
3 9
10(10𝑛 − 1) 𝑛
= −
9 3
69) Find the sum to 𝑛 terms of the series : 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ⋯.
Soln:-
𝑆𝑛 = 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ⋯ 𝑛 terms

A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT

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P SENTHILKUMAR, BT ASST, GHS PANAIYUR 626129-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
UNIT – 4. GEOMETRY 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
70) Thales Theorem or Basic proportanality Theorem (BPT):- 𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 Taking reciprocals
Statement:-
A straight line drawn parallel to a side of triangle intersection the Hence proved.
other two sides, divides the sides in the same ratio. 71) Angle Bisector Theorem (ABT):-
Given:- Statement:-
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐷is point on 𝐴𝐵 𝐸is a point The internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite
on 𝐴𝐶. side internally in the ratio of the corresponding sides containing the
To Prove:- angle.
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
= Given:-
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
Construction:- In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 is the internal bisector.
Draw a kube 𝐷𝐸 || 𝐵𝐶.
Proof:- To Prove:-
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
No. Statement Reason =
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶
Corresponding angles are
1. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = ∠1
equal because DE || BC Construction:-
Corresponding angles are Draw a line through 𝐶 parallel to 𝐴𝐵.
2. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = ∠2
equal because DE || BC Extend 𝐴𝐷 to meet the line through 𝐶 at 𝐸.
Both angles have a common
3. ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠3
angle Proof:-
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 By 𝐴𝐴𝐴 Similarity
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 Corresponding sides are No Statement Reason
= proportional Two parallel lines cut by a
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐷 + 𝐷𝐵 𝐴𝐸 + 𝐸𝐶 Split AB and AC using the 1. ∠𝐴𝐸𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐸 = ∠1 transversal make alternate angles
4. = points D and E equal..
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐸 is an isosceles In ∆𝐴𝐶𝐸, ∠𝐶𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝐶𝐸𝐴
1+ =1+ On simplification
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 2.
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐸  (1)
= Cancelling 1 on both sides
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
3. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷~∆𝐸𝐶𝐷 By 𝐴𝐴 Similarity

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 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
= =
𝐶𝐸 𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝐶 x 𝐷𝐶  (2)
From (1) AC = CE
4. =
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐷 (1) + (2) : 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝐶 x 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐵𝐶 x 𝐷𝐶
Hence Proved. = 𝐵𝐶(𝐵𝐷 + 𝐷𝐶)
72) PYTHAGORAS THEOREM:- = 𝐵𝐶 x 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 2
Statement:- Hence Proved.
In a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to 73) P and Q are the mid-points of the sides CA and CB
the sum of the squares on the other two sides. respectivelyof a ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 right angled at 𝐶 . Prove that
Given:- 4(𝐴𝑄 2 + 𝐵𝑃2 ) = 5𝐴𝐵 2 .
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 , ∠𝐴 = 90𝑜 Soln:-
Since, ∆𝐴𝑄𝐶 is a right triangle at 𝐶,
To Prove:- 𝐴𝑄 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝑄𝐶 2  (1)
𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝐶 2
Also, ∆𝐵𝑃𝐶 is a right triangle at 𝐶,
Construction:- 𝐵𝑃2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝑃2  (2)
Draw 𝐴𝐷 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶
Proof:- (1) + (2) :
No Statement Reason 𝐴𝑄 2 + 𝐵𝑃2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝑄𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝑃2
Compare ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝐷𝐵𝐴 Given ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90𝑜 and 4(𝐴𝑄 2 + 𝐵𝑃2 ) = 4𝐴𝐶 2 + 4𝑄𝐶 2 + 4𝐵𝐶 2 + 4𝐶𝑃2
∠𝐵 is common. by construction ∠𝐵𝐷𝐴 = = 4𝐴𝐶 2 + (2𝑄𝐶)2 + 4𝐵𝐶 2 + (2𝐶𝑃)2
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐷𝐴 = 90𝑜 90𝑜 = 4𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 4𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2
1. Therefore, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐵𝐴 By 𝐴𝐴 Similarity = 5𝐴𝐶 2 + 5𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 = 5(𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 )
= 4(𝐴𝑄 2 + 𝐵𝑃2 ) = 5𝐴𝐵 2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐵𝐶 x 𝐵𝐷  (1) Hence Proved.
Compare ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝐷𝐴𝐶 Given ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90𝑜 and
∠𝐶 common. by construction ∠𝐵𝐷𝐴 =
2. ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 90𝑜 90𝑜
Therefore, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐴𝐶 By 𝐴𝐴 Similarity

A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT

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P SENTHILKUMAR, BT ASST, GHS PANAIYUR 626129-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
UNIT – 5. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 1 −9 −8 1 2 −9
= 2{ }
74) Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices are at −2 −4 −3 2 −2
1
(8, 6), (5, 11), (−5, 12) and (−4, 3). = (36 + 24 + 2 − 4 − 16 + 4 + 6
Soln:- 2
+ 18)
Given, 1
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = (𝟖, 𝟔) = (90 − 20)
(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = (𝟓, 𝟏𝟏) 2
70
(𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = (−𝟓, 𝟏𝟐) =
2
(𝒙𝟒 , 𝒚𝟒 ) = (−𝟒, 𝟑) = 35 Sq. Units.
76) Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices are
at(−9,0), (−8,6), (−1, −2) and; (−6, −3).
Soln:-
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥1 Given,
Area of the quadrilateral = 2 {𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1 }
1 (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = (−𝟗, 𝟎)
1 8 5 −5 −4 8 (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = (−𝟔, −𝟑)
= 2{ }
6 11 12 3 6 (𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = (−𝟏, −𝟐)
1
= (88 + 60 − 15 − 24 − 30 + 55 + 48 − 24) (𝒙𝟒 , 𝒚𝟒 ) = (−𝟖, 𝟔)
2
1
= (251 − 93)
2
158
=
2
= 79 Sq. Units. 1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥1
Area of the quadrilateral = 2 {𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1 }
75) Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices are 1
1 −9 −6 −1 −8 −9
at(−9, −2), (−8, −4), (2, 2) and (1, −3). = 2{ }
0 −3 −2 6 0
Soln:- 1
Given, (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = (−𝟗, −𝟐), (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = (−𝟖, −𝟒); = (27 + 12 − 6 + 0 + 0 − 3 − 16 + 54)
2
(𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = (𝟏, −𝟑); (𝒙𝟒 , 𝒚𝟒 ) = (𝟐, 𝟐) 1
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥1 = (93 − 25)
Area of the quadrilateral = 2 {𝑦 2
1 𝑦2 𝑦 3 𝑦 4 𝑦1 } 68
= 2 = 34 Sq. Units.
77) Find the value of 𝑘 , if the area of a auadrilateral is 28 Sq. Units,
whose vertices are (−4, −2), (−3, 𝑘), (3, −2)and; (2, 3).
A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
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 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
Soln :- 1
= 2 (10 + 45 + 28 + 2 − 10 − 20 − 9 − 14)
Given , (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = (−𝟗, −𝟐), (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = (−𝟖, −𝟒); 1
(𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = (𝟏, −𝟑); (𝒙𝟒 , 𝒚𝟒 ) = (𝟐, 𝟐) = 2 (85 − 53)
32
Area of the quadrilateral = 𝟐𝟖 Sq. Units = 2
= 16 Sq. Units.
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥1
Area of the quadrilateral = 2 {𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1 }
1
1 −4 −3 3 2 −4 Given , Construction rate per square feet = Rs.1300.
28 = 2 { }
−2 𝑘 −2 3 −2
2 x 28 = −4𝑘 + 6 + 9 − 4 − 6 − 3𝑘 + 4 + 12 ∴ Total cost for constructing the parking lot =
56 = −7𝑘 + 31 − 10 16 x 1300 =Rs.20800
56 = −7𝑘 + 21 79) If the points 𝑃(−1, −4), 𝑄(𝑏, 𝑐) and; 𝑅(5, −1) are collinear and
7𝑘 = 21 − 56 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 4, then find the values of 𝑏 and 𝑐.
7𝑘 = −35 Soln :-
−35 Given ,
𝑘= 7
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑷(−𝟏, −𝟒) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝑸(𝒃, 𝒄) , (𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = 𝑹(𝟓, −𝟏)
𝑘 = −5 WKT, The condition for the three points are in collinear is,
78) The given diagram shows a plan for constructing a new parking 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥1
lot at a campus. It is estimated that such construction would {𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 }=0
1 2 3 1
cost Rs.1300 per square feet. What will be the total cost for −1 𝑏 5 −1
{ }=0
making the parking lot? −4 𝑐 −1 −4
Soln :- −𝑐 − 𝑏 − 20 + 4𝑏 − 5𝑐 − 1 = 0
Given , 3𝑏 − 6𝑐 − 21 = 0
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑨(𝟐, 𝟐) 3(𝑏 − 2𝑐 − 7) = 0
(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝑩(𝟓, 𝟓) 𝑏 − 2𝑐 − 7 = 0
(𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = 𝑪(𝟒, 𝟗) 𝑏 − 2𝑐 = 7  (1)
(𝒙𝟒 , 𝒚𝟒 ) = 𝑫(𝟏, 𝟕) Given, 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 4  (2)
(1) : 𝑏 − 2𝑐 = 7
(2) x 2 : 4𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 8

1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥1 (1)+(2) : 5𝑏 = 15
Area of parking lot = 2 {𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1 }
15
1 𝑏=
5
1 2 5 4 1 2 𝑏=3
= 2{ }
2 5 9 7 2
A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
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Substituting 𝑏 = 3 in equation (2) we get, 81) Two ships are sailing in the sea on either sides of a lighthouse.
2(3) + 𝑐 = 4 The angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse as observed
6+𝑐 =4 from the ships are 30𝑜 and 45𝑜 respectively. If the lighthouse
𝑐 =4−6 is 200 m high, find the distance between the two ships. (√3 =
𝑐 = −2 1.732)
80) If the points 𝐴(−3,9), 𝐵(𝑎, 𝑏) and; 𝐶(4, −5) are collinear and Soln:-
if 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1, then find 𝑎 and 𝑏. 𝐴𝐵 = Height of the lighthouse = 200 m
Soln:- 𝐶𝐷 = Distance between the two ships =
Given, 𝑥+𝑦
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝑨(−𝟑, 𝟗) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝑩(𝒂, 𝒃) , (𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 ) = 𝑪(𝟒, −𝟓) In right triangle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ,
𝐴𝐵
WKT, The condition for the three points are in collinear is, 𝑡𝑎𝑛30𝑜 = 𝐵𝐶
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥1 1 200
{𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 }=0 =
1 2 3 1
√3 𝑥
−3 𝑎 4 −3
{ }=0 𝑥 = 200√3
9 𝑏 −5 9
−3𝑏 − 5𝑎 + 36 − 9𝑎 − 4𝑏 − 15 = 0 = 200 x 1.732
−14𝑎 − 7𝑏 + 21 = 0 = 346.4 m
−7(2𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3) = 0 In right triangle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ,
𝐴𝐵
2𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3 = 0 𝑡𝑎𝑛45𝑜 = 𝐵𝐶
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3  (1) 200
1=
Given, 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1  (2) 𝑥
𝑦 = 200 m
(1) : 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3
∴ Distance between two ships = 𝑥 + 𝑦
(2) : 𝑎+𝑏 =1
= 346.4 + 200
(1)-(2) : 2𝑎 − 𝑎 = 3 − 1 = 546.4 m
𝑎=2 82) From the top of a lighthouse, the angle of depression
Substituting 𝑎 = 2 in equation (2) we get,, of two ships on the opposite sides of it are observed to
2+𝑏 =1 be 30𝑜 and 60𝑜 . If the height of the lighthouse is h
𝑏 =1−2 metres and the line joining the ships passes through the
𝑏 = −1
UNIT – 6. TRIGONOMETRY
A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
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foot of the lighthouse, show that the distance between Big Metallic Sphere:- Small Metallic Sphere:-
4ℎ Radius, 𝑟 = 16 cm Radius, 𝑟 = 2 cm
the ships is m.
√3 4 4
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3
Soln:-
4 4
𝐴𝐵 = Height of the lighthouse = ℎ m = 3 𝜋(16)3 = 3 𝜋(2)3
𝐶𝐷 = Distance between the two ships 4 4
=𝑥+𝑦 = 3 𝜋 x 16 x 16 x 16 = 3𝜋 x2x 2x2
In right triangle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶,
𝐴𝐵 ∴ Number of Small Spheres can be obtained
𝑡𝑎𝑛30𝑜 =
𝐵𝐶 Volume of a Big matallic Sphere
1 ℎ =
= Volume of a Small matallic Sphere
√3 𝑥 4
𝑥 = ℎ√3 m 𝜋 x 16 x 16 x 16
=3
4
In right triangle ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷, 3𝜋 x 2 x 2 x 2
𝐴𝐵 =8x8x8
𝑡𝑎𝑛60𝑜 = 𝐵𝐶
= 512
ℎ
√3 = 𝑦 84) A right circular cylindrical container of base radius 6 cm and
ℎ height 15 cm is full of ice cream. The ice cream is to be filled
𝑦= m
√3 in cones of height 9 cm and base r adius 3 cm, having a
∴ Distance between two ships = 𝑥 + 𝑦 hemispherical cap. Find the number of cones needed to empty
ℎ ℎ(√3)2 +ℎ
= ℎ√3 + = m the container.
√3 √3
3ℎ+ℎ Soln:-
= Cylinder:- Ice Cream Cone:-
√3
4ℎ
= m
√3 Radius, 𝑟 = 6 cm Radius, 𝑟 = 3 cm
UNIT – 7. MENSURATION Height, ℎ = 15 cm Height, ℎ = 9 cm
83) A metallic sphere of radius 16 cm is melted and recast into small Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 2 1
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 + 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
spheres each of radius 2 cm? = 𝜋 x (6)2 x 15 1
Son:- = 𝜋 x 6 x 6 x 15 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 (2𝑟 + ℎ)
Given, 1
= 𝜋 (3)2 [2(3) + 9] = 𝜋 x 3 x 15
3
∴ Number of cones needed to empty the container
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Volume of ice cream in the container 4 =𝜋x8x8xℎ
= = x 𝜋 x 12 x 12 x 12
Volume of one ice cream cone 3
𝜋 x 6 x 6 x 15 = 4x𝜋x 4 x 12 x 12
=
𝜋 x 3 x 15
= 12 Here, Volume of the cylinder = Volume of the cone
85) A cone of height 24 cm is made up of modeling clay. A child 𝜋 x 8 x 8 x ℎ = 4 x 𝜋 x 4 x 12 x 12
reshapes it in the form of same radius as cone. Find the height 4 x 𝜋 x 4 x 12 x 12
of the cylinder. ℎ =
𝜋x8x8
Soln:- ℎ = 36 cm
Given, ∴ Height of the cylinder, ℎ = 36 cm
Cone:- Cylinder:-
87) A conical flask is full of water. The flask has base radius 𝑟
Radius, = 𝑟 cm Radius, = 𝑟 cm
units and height ℎ units, the water poured into a cylindrical
Height, ℎ = 24 cm Let the height of the cylinder be ℎ.
flask of base radius 𝑥𝑟 units. Find the height of water in the
1
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 ℎ 2 Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
cylindrical flask.
1 2 = 𝜋 x 𝑟2 x ℎ
= x 𝜋 x 𝑟 x 24 Soln:- Given,
3
= 𝜋 x 𝑟2 x 8 Cone:- Cylinder:-
Radius, = 𝑟 cm Radius, = 𝑥𝑟 cm
Here, Volume of the cylinder = Volume of the cone Height, = ℎ cm Let the height of the cylinder be 𝐻.
𝜋 x 𝑟2 x ℎ = 𝜋 x 𝑟2 x 8 1 2 Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
ℎ = 8 cm
= 𝜋 x (𝑥𝑟)2 x 𝐻
∴ Height of the cylinder, ℎ = 8 cm
= 𝜋 x 𝑥2 x 𝑟2 x 𝐻
86) An aluminium sphere of radius 12 cm is melted to make a Here,
cylinder of radius 8 cm. Find the height of the cylinder.
Volume of water in the cylindrical flask = Volume of the Sphere
Soln:-
1
Given, 𝜋 x 𝑥 2 x 𝑟 2 x 𝐻 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3
Aluminium Sphere:- Cylinder:-
𝜋 x 𝑟2 x ℎ
Radius, 𝑟 = 12 cm Radius, 𝑟 = 8 cm 𝐻 =
4
3 x 𝜋 x 𝑥2 x 𝑟2
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 = 3 Let the height of the cylinder be ℎ. ℎ
4 Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝐻 =
x 𝜋 x (12)3 3 𝑥2
3 = 𝜋 x 𝑟2 x ℎ ℎ
∴ The height of water in the cylindrical flask, 𝐻 = 3 𝑥 2
= 𝜋 x (8)2 x ℎ
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 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
88) A solid right circular cone of diameter 14 cm and height 8 cm is 𝜋ℎ
Volume of the frustum = (𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑅𝑟)
melted to form a hollow sphere. If the external diameter of the 3
22 x 45
sphere is 10 cm, find the internal diameter. = (282 + 72 + 28 x 7)
7x3
Soln:- 22 x 15
= (784 + 49 + 196)
7
Given, 22 x 15 x 1029
Cone:- Hollow Sphere:- = 7
Diameter = 14 cm External Diameter = 10 cm = 22 x 15 x 147
Radius, 𝑟 = 7 cm External Radius, 𝑅 = 5 cm = 48510 cu.cm
Height, ℎ = 8 cm Let the Internal Radius be 𝑟. ∴ Volume of the frustum = 48510 cu.cm
1 2 4 90) Arul has to make arrangements for the accommodation of 150
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 ℎ Volume = 3 𝜋(𝑅 3 − 𝑟 3 )
1 4 persons for his family function. For this purpose, he plans to
= 3 x 𝜋 x (7)2 x 8 = 𝜋(53 − 𝑟 3 ) build a tent which is in the shape of cylinder surmounted by a
3
1 4
=3 x𝜋x7x7x8 cone. Each person occupies 4 sq.m of the space on ground and
= 𝜋(125 − 𝑟 3 )
3 40 cu.meter of air to breathe. What should be the height of the
Here, conical part of the tent if the height of cylindrical part is 8 m?
Volume of the hollow cylinder = Volume of the cone Soln:-
4 1
𝜋(125 − 𝑟 3 ) = x 𝜋 x 7 x 7 x 8 Given,
3 3 Cylinder:- Cone:-
𝜋x7x7x8x3
125 − 𝑟 3 = Let the radius be 𝑟. Let the radius be 𝑟.
4x3x𝜋
125 − 𝑟 3 = 98 Height, ℎ = 8 m Let the height be 𝐻.
125 − 98 = 𝑟 3 Given, Area of one person = 4 Sq.m
𝑟 3 = 27 Total number of persons = 150
𝑟 3 = 33 Therefore Total Base Area = 150 x 4
𝑟 = 3 cm
𝜋𝑟 2 = 600
∴ The internal diameter of the hollow cylinder, = 2𝑟
Given,
= 2 x 3 = 6 cm
89) If the radii of the circular ends of a frustum which is 45 cm high Volume of air required for 1 person = 40 Cu.m
are 28 cm and 7 cm, find the volume of the frustum. Total volume of air required for 150 persons = 150 x 40
Soln:- Volume of the cylinder + Volume of the cone = 6000 cu.m
Given, 𝑅 = 28 cm
𝑟 = 7 cm
ℎ = 45 cm

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 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
2 1 2 The cost of milk which can completely fill a container =
𝜋𝑟 ℎ + 3 𝜋𝑟 𝐻 = 6000 cu.m
Rs.40 x 10.4594 = Rs.418.38
1
𝜋𝑟 2 (ℎ + 𝐻) = 6000
3
UNIT – 8. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
1 92) The Marks scored by 10 students in a class test are 25, 29, 30,
600 x (8 + 𝐻) = 6000 33, 35, 37,38, 40, 44, 48. Find the standard deviation.
3
Soln:-
1 6000
8+ 𝐻 = ∑ x 359
3 600 x̅ = = = 35.9
1 n 10
𝐻 = 10 − 8 Assumed Mean, A = 35
3 Here,
𝐻 =2x3 𝑥 𝑑 =𝑥−𝐴 𝑑2
∑ 𝑑 2 = 453
𝐻=6m 25 −10 100 ∑𝑑 = 9
∴ Height of the cone = 6 m 𝑛 = 10
29 −6 36
91) A container open at the top is in the form of a frustum of a cone
of height 16 cm with radii of its lower and upper ends are 8 cm 30 −5 25 2
∑ 𝑑2 ∑𝑑
and 20 cm respectively. Find the cost of milk which can
33 −2 4 ∴ 𝜎=√ −( )
completely fill a container at the rate of Rs.40 per litre. 𝑛 𝑛
Soln:- Given, 𝑅 = 20 cm, 𝑟 = 8 cm, ℎ = 16 cm 35 0 0
𝜋ℎ 453 9 2
Volume of the frustum = 3 (𝑅 2 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑅𝑟) = √ −( )
37 2 4 10 10
22 x 16 2 2
= (20 + 8 + 20 x 8)
7x3 38 3 9 = √45.3 − 0.81
352
= (400 + 64 + 160) = √44.49
21 40 5 25
=
352 x 624 = 6.67
21
352 x 208 44 9 81
= 7
73216 48 13 169
= 7
= 10459.4 cu.cm 359 9 453
10459.4 93) The amount that the children have spent for purchasing some
= 1000 Litres
eatables in one day trip of a school are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
= 10.4594 Litres
Given, Cost of 1 litre milk = Rs.40 40. Using step deviation method, find the standard deviation of
the amount they have spent.

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Soln:- 4.31
= x 100
30
431
Assumed Mean, A = 20 and c = 5 = 30
𝑥−𝐴 Here, = 14.36
𝑥 𝑑= 𝑑2
𝑐 ∑ 𝑑 2 = 44 = 14.4 %
5 −3 9 ∑𝑑 = 4 95) The time taken (in minutes) to complete a homework by 8
𝑛=8 students n a day are given by 38, 40, 47, 44, 46, 43, 49,53.
10 −2 4 Find the coefficient of variation.
2
15 −1 1 ∑ 𝑑2 ∑𝑑 Soln:-
∴ 𝜎= √ −( ) x𝑐
20 0 0 𝑛 𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 360
𝑥̅ = = = 45
𝑛 8
25 1 1 44 4 2
=√ −( ) x5
30 2 4 8 8 𝑥 𝑑 = 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ 𝑑2 Here,
35 3 9 = √5.5 − 0.25 x 5 38 −7 49 ∑ 𝑑 2 = 164
40 −5 25 𝑛=8
40 4 16 = √5.25 x 5
47 2 4 ∑ 𝑑2
4 44
= 2.29 x 5  𝜎=√ 𝑛
44 −1 1
= 11.45 46 1 1 164
=√ 8
94) Find the coefficient of variation of : 24, 26, 33, 37, 29, 31 43 −2 4
Soln:- 49 4 16 = √20.5
∑ 𝑥 180 53 8 64 = 4.53
𝑥̅ = = = 30 360 164
𝑛 6
2 𝜎
𝑥 𝑑 = 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ 𝑑 Here, ∴ C.V = x 100%
𝑥̅
24 −6 36 ∑ 𝑑2 = 112 4.53
= x 100
26 −4 16 𝑛=6 45
453
33 3 9 ∑ 𝑑2 = 45
 𝜎=√ 𝑛
37 7 49 = 10.066
29 −1 1 112 = 10.07 %
=√ 6
31 1 1 96) Find the coefficient of variation of :
= √18.6 38, 40, 34, 31, 28, 26, 34 .
180 112 Soln:-
= 4.31
𝜎
∴ C.V = x 100%
𝑥̅

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∑ 𝑥 231 (i) Let 𝐴 be the event of getting all heads.
𝑥̅ = = = 33 𝐴 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻}
𝑛 7
𝑛(𝐴) = 1
𝑥 𝑑 = 𝑥 − x̅ 𝑑2 Here, 𝑛(𝐴) 1
𝑃(𝐴) = =
∑ 𝑑 2 = 154 𝑛(𝑆) 8
38 5 25 (ii) Let 𝐵 be the event of getting at least one tail.
𝑛=7 𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇 }
40 7 49
∑ 𝑑2 𝑛(𝐵) = 7
34 1 1 ∴ 𝜎=√ 𝑛(𝐵) 7
𝑛 𝑃(𝐵) = =
31 −2 4 𝑛(𝑆) 8
154
=√ (iii) Let𝐶 be the event of getting at most one head.
7
28 −5 25 𝐶 = {𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇 }
= √22 𝑛(𝐶) = 4
26 −7 49 = 4.69 𝑛(𝐶) 4 1
𝑃(𝐶) = = =
34 1 1 𝑛(𝑆) 8 2
(iv) Let 𝐷 be the event of getting at most two tails.
231 154
𝐷 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇 }
𝜎 𝑛(𝐷) = 7
∴ C.V = x 100% 𝑛(𝐷) 7
𝑥̅
4.69 𝑃(𝐷) = =
= x 100 𝑛(𝑆) 8
33 98) Two dice are rolled once. Find the probability of getting an even
469 number on the first die or a total of face sum 8.
=
33 Soln:-
= 14.21 % 𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
97) Three fair coins are tossed together. Find the probability of (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
getting. (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(i) all heads (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(ii) at least one tail
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(iii) at most one head
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} ∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 36.
(iv) at most two tails.
Let 𝐴 be the event of getting an even number on the first dice
Soln:-
𝐴 = {(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇 }
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 8
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(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
𝑛(𝐴) = 18 (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
𝑛(𝐴) 18 (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} ∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 36
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 Let 𝐴 be the event of getting a doublet.
Let 𝐵 be the event of getting a total of face sum 8 𝐴 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
𝐵 = {(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2)} 𝑛(𝐴) = 6
𝑛(𝐵) = 5 𝑛(𝐴) 6
𝑛(𝐵) 5 𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 Let 𝐵 be the event of getting the sum of faces as 4.
Also, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {(2,6), (4,4), (6,2)} 𝐵 = {(1, 3), (2,2), (3,1)}
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 3 𝑛(𝐵) = 3
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 3 𝑛(𝐵) 3
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = = 𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 𝑛(𝑆) 36
∴ By the addition theorem on probability, Also, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {(2,2)}
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1
18 5 3 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1
= + − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
36 36 36 𝑛(𝑆) 36
18 + 5 − 3 ∴ By the addition theorem on probability,
=
36 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
23 − 3 6 3 1
= = + −
36 36 36 36
20 6+3−1
= =
36 36
5 9−1
= =
9 36
99) Two dice are rolled together. Find the probability of getting a 8
doublet or sum of faces as 4. =
36
Soln:- 2
=
9
𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), 100) A box contains cards numbered 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . , 35, 37.
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), A card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), that the drawn card have either multiples of 7 or a prime number

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Soln:- Let 𝐴 be the event of getting exactly two heads.
𝑆 = {3, 5, 7, 9,11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37} 𝐴 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻}
∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 18 𝑛(𝐴) = 3
Let 𝐴 be the event of getting the drawn card have multiples of 7. 𝑛(𝐴) 3
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝐴 = {7, 21, 35} 𝑛(𝑆) 8
𝑛(𝐴) = 3 Let 𝐵 be the event of getting at least one tail.
𝑛(𝐴) 3 𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇 }
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 18 𝑛(𝐵) = 7
Let 𝐵 be the event of getting the drawn card have a prime number 𝑛(𝐵) 7
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝐵 = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37} 𝑛(𝑆) 8
𝑛(𝐵) = 11 Let 𝐶 be the event of getting consecutively two heads.
𝑛(𝐵) 11 𝐶 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻 }
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 18 𝑛(𝐶) = 3
Also, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {7} 𝑛(𝐶) 3
𝑃(𝐶) = =
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1 𝑛(𝑆) 8
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1 𝐴∩𝐵 𝐵∩𝐶 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻}
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = = 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻,
𝑛(𝑆) 18 ={ } = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻} 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 2
∴ By the addition theorem on probability, 𝑇𝐻𝐻 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 2 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 3 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) =
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 𝑛(𝑆)
3 11 1 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝑆) 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 2
= + − = =
18 18 18 3 𝑛(𝑆) 8
3 + 11 − 1 = 2
= 8 =
18 8
14 − 1
=
18
13
=
18
101) Three coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the Also, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻}
probability of getting exactly two heads or at least one tail or 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 2
consecutively two heads. 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) =
Soln:- 𝑛(𝑆)
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇 } 2
=
∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 8 8
A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
36
P SENTHILKUMAR, BT ASST, GHS PANAIYUR 626129-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
∴ By the addition theorem on probability, ∴ By the addition theorem on probability,
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
− 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) 7 4 4
= + −
8 8 8
+𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 7
3 7 3 3 2 2 2 =
8
= + + − − − + 103) From a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards, a card is drawn
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
7+3−2 at random. Find the probability of it being either a red king or
= a black queen.
8
10 − 2 Soln:-
=
8 Total number of cards = 52.
8 ∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 52
=
8 Let 𝐴 be the event of getting a red king card.
=1 Total number of red king cards = 2
102) Three unbiased coins are tossed once. Find the 𝑛(𝐴) = 2
probability of getting at most 2 tails or at least 2 heads. 𝑛(𝐴) 2
Soln:- 𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇} Let 𝐵 be the event of getting a queen card.
∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 8 Total number of black queen cards = 2
Let 𝐴 be the event of getting at most 2 tails 𝑛(𝐵) = 2
𝐴 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻} n(B) 2
𝑛(𝐴) = 7 𝑃(𝐵) = =
n(S) 52
𝑛(𝐴) 7
𝑃(𝐴) = = Here 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually exclusive events,
𝑛(𝑆) 8 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = { } ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0
Let 𝐵 be the event of getting at least 2 heads. ∴ By the addition theorem on probability,
𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻} 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
𝑛(𝐵) = 4 2 2
𝑛(𝐵) 4 = +
𝑃(𝐵) = = 52 52
𝑛(𝑆) 8 2+2
Also, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻} =
52
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 4 4
=
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 4 52
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 8
A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
37
P SENTHILKUMAR, BT ASST, GHS PANAIYUR 626129-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
 MATHS MASTERS Virudhunagar District
1 7
= =
13 13
104) A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the 105) If two dice are rolled, then find the probability of getting
probability of getting a king or a heart or a red card. the product of face value 6 or the difference of face values 5.
Soln:- Soln:-
Total number of cards = 52. 𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 52 (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
A = King card. (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
B = Heart card. (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
C = Red card. (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
Here, (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} ∴ 𝑛(𝑆) = 36
𝑛(𝐴) = 4 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 1 Let 𝐴 the event of getting the product of face value 6.
𝑛(𝐵) = 13 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 13 𝐴 = {(1, 6), (2,3), (3,2), (6,1)}
𝑛(𝐶) = 26 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 2 𝑛(𝐴) = 4
𝑛(𝐴) 4 𝑛(𝐵) 13 𝑛(𝐴) 4
𝑃(𝐴) = = 𝑃(𝐵) = = 𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 𝑛(𝑆) 52 𝑛(𝑆) 36
𝑛(𝐶) 26 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1 Let 𝐵 be the event of getting the difference of face values 5.
𝑃(𝐶) = = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 𝑛(𝑆) 52 𝐵 = {, (1,6), (6,1)}
𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 13 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) 2 𝑛(𝐵) = 2
𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = = 𝑛(𝐵) 2
𝑛(𝑆) 52 𝑛(𝑆) 52 𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 1 𝑛(𝑆) 36
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = = Also, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {(1,6), (6,1)}
𝑛(𝑆) 52
∴ By the addition theorem on probability, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 2
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
−𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) 𝑛(𝑆) 36
4 13 26 1 13 2 1 ∴ By the addition theorem on probability,
= + + − − − +
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
4 + 13 + 26 − 1 − 13 − 2 + 1 4 2 2
= = + −
52 36 36 36
44 − 16 4+2−2
= =
52 36
28 4 1
= = =
52 36 9
A SUBBARAJ, BT ASST, GHS IRUNCHURAI 626612-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT
38
P SENTHILKUMAR, BT ASST, GHS PANAIYUR 626129-VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT