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Lecture 04 - Industrial Communication Systems

This document discusses industrial communication systems. It describes the key components, including devices like sensors and actuators, and controlling mechanisms like PLCs, SCADA, and DCS systems. It also outlines common network components and protocols used in industrial settings, such as RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet, and fieldbus protocols like Profibus and Profinet. Finally, it provides an overview of the OSI model and the functions of each layer in industrial network communication.

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Chamal Praveen
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285 views38 pages

Lecture 04 - Industrial Communication Systems

This document discusses industrial communication systems. It describes the key components, including devices like sensors and actuators, and controlling mechanisms like PLCs, SCADA, and DCS systems. It also outlines common network components and protocols used in industrial settings, such as RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet, and fieldbus protocols like Profibus and Profinet. Finally, it provides an overview of the OSI model and the functions of each layer in industrial network communication.

Uploaded by

Chamal Praveen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Installations – ET 42043

Industrial Communication Presentation 04


Systems
D. K. Ashan Induranga
B.Sc. (Hons.) Engineering
M.Phil. (Reading)
Content

1. Introduction

2. Devices

3. Network Components and Protocols

4. OSI Model
1.0 Introduction
Why Industrial Communication System?

• Monitoring

• Controlling

• Data/ Information Transferring


Features of a Industrial Communication
System?

• Real-Time

• Deterministic

• Robust
Components of Industrial Communication
System?

1. Devices

2. Network Components and Protocols


2.0 Devices
2. Devices

Devices

Sensors Actuators Controllers


2. Devices

2.1 Sensors

• Measures a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure,


flow rate sensors and etc.

2.2 Actuators

• Perform physical action, such as pumps, valves, motors, heaters


and etc.
2. Devices

2.3 Controlling Mechanisms

• Controllers process data received by sensors and generate


control signals to actuators. Mainly there are three (03)
controlling mechanisms.
2.3 Controlling Mechanisms

Control Mechanisms

PLC SCADA Distributed Control


(Programming (Supervisory System (DCS)
Logic Controllers) Control and Data
Acquisition)
2.3.1 PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)

https://youtu.be/uOtdWHMKhnw?si=AZH_ewCDNkSz2Vrz
2.3.1 RTU

• RTU – Remote Terminal Unit


• Similar to PLC
• Doesn’t need specific software to program
• Tolerance to extreme weather conditions
• Rigid compared to PLC
• Has backup power options
• Data transferring speed is low
2.3.2 SCADA
2.3.2 SCADA
2.3.2 SCADA

SCADA system is a collection of hardware and software that can operate


several plants locally and remotely.
1. I/O - Inputs and Output Devices (Sensors and Actuators)
2. RTU (Remote Terminal Units) –
Conversion of analog signals to digital signals for remote monitoring
3. PLC – Data acquisition and controlling the actuators.
2.3.2 SCADA

4. Communication Network – Connection between the PLC/RTU with the


supervisory system
5. Supervisory System – Brain of the SCADA system. Communicate with the
PLC/ RTU and store data.
6. HMI (Human Machine Interface) - Front-end interface used by the operators
to interact with the SCADA system
2.3.3 DCS
2.3.3 SCADA vs DCS

SCADA DCS

Event-Driven Oriented Process State-Driven System

Best suited for remote monitoring and Best suited for real-time whole process
supervisory control handling

Best suited for very large industry/ Best suited for handling a complex
process process
2.3.3 SCADA vs DCS
3.0 Network System Components
3. Network Components and Protocols

1. RS-232
2. RS-485
3. Ethernet
4. Fieldbus
3.1 RS-232

• Connector Type – DB9


• Voltage signals
• Data speed is much slower
• Only one device can be connected
• Commonly, RS-232 is used for
PLC-HMI connections
3.2 RS-485

• Connector Type – DB9.


But no standard connector
• Voltage signals
• Data speed is much faster
• 32 devices can be connected
• Normally, RS-232 is used for
PLC-HMI connections
3.3 Ethernet

1. Family of wired computer networking technology


2. Mainly used in LAN (Local Area Networks)
3. Follows the IEEE 802.3 standard.
3.3 Ethernet
3.3 Ethernet

Cabling
3.3.1 Twisted Pair Cables
Twisted Pair Cables

RJ-11 & RJ-45 Connectors


3.3.2 Fiber Optic Cables

Fibre Optic Cables Fibre Optic Connectors

• From 10 Gbps to 1000 Gbps


3.4 Field-Bus

• Field-Bus indicates many protocols such as Modbus,


ControlNet, PROFIBUS, ETHERCAT, HART, etc.
• ProfiBus and ProfiNet are the Fieldbus used in Siemens
systems.
3.4.1 Profibus – Process Field Bus

• Profibus is a popular network protocol for Siemens.


3.4.1 Profibus – Process Field Bus

• One network can consist of up to 127 devices.


• Connector type, DB-9 or DP IP (90 Degree)
3.4.1 Profibus – Process Field Bus

• Profibus-DP (Decentralized Peripheral) can be used for


larger factories
3.4.2 ProfiNet – Process Field Network

• ProfiNet uses ethernet cables with RJ-45 interface.


4.0 OSI Model (Open System
Interconnection Model)
4.0 OSI – Open System Interconnection
Model
Application Layer: The end-user applications like the web browser or
the web-based software (Firefox, Google Chrome, Outlook, SIMATIC
software, Zoom, etc.)

Presentation Layer: This layer converts the application information to


transferable data (Data conversion to binary). Also, data compression
and data encryption happen here.

Session Layer: Establishes, maintains, and terminates the connections


that happen here. Authentication (Verification) and Authorization happen.

Transport Layer: Provides reliable and error-free data transmission


between end systems. Segmentation, Flow Control, and Error Control
happen here. Two protocols are available. UDP [User Datagram Protocol
(No feedback)] and TCP [Transmission Control Protocol(Feedback)]
4.0 OSI – Open System Interconnection
Model
Network Layer: Logical addressing, Path determination, and
Routing

Data Link Layer: Provides reliable and efficient data transfer


between two devices on the network. This layer decides the
transmission media (Ethernet, Air, etc.)

Physical Layer: Converts the binary signal into an electrical,


light, or radio signal.
Thank You!

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