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    Zionism

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    Oscar Masinde
    Zionism originated in the late 19th century as a nationalist movement that advocated for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jewish people according to Hebrew scripture. It began as a response to growing anti-Semitism and pogroms against Jews in eastern and central Europe. Theodor Herzl is considered a founder of modern political Zionism and convened the first Zionist Congress in 1897, which established the goal of securing a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine through public law. While initially a minority position among Jews, Zionism gained momentum in the early 20th century by promoting Jewish settlement in Palestine and the development of Hebrew language and culture.

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    Zionism

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    Oscar Masinde
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    Zionism originated in the late 19th century as a nationalist movement that advocated for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jewish people according to Hebrew scripture. It began as a response to growing anti-Semitism and pogroms against Jews in eastern and central Europe. Theodor Herzl is considered a founder of modern political Zionism and convened the first Zionist Congress in 1897, which established the goal of securing a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine through public law. While initially a minority position among Jews, Zionism gained momentum in the early 20th century by promoting Jewish settlement in Palestine and the development of Hebrew language and culture.

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    Zionism originated in the late 19th century as a nationalist movement that advocated for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jewish people according to Hebrew scripture. It began as a response to growing anti-Semitism and pogroms against Jews in eastern and central Europe. Theodor Herzl is considered a founder of modern political Zionism and convened the first Zionist Congress in 1897, which established the goal of securing a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine through public law. While initially a minority position among Jews, Zionism gained momentum in the early 20th century by promoting Jewish settlement in Palestine and the development of Hebrew language and culture.

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    28 views2 pages

    Zionism

    Uploaded by

    Oscar Masinde
    Zionism originated in the late 19th century as a nationalist movement that advocated for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jewish people according to Hebrew scripture. It began as a response to growing anti-Semitism and pogroms against Jews in eastern and central Europe. Theodor Herzl is considered a founder of modern political Zionism and convened the first Zionist Congress in 1897, which established the goal of securing a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine through public law. While initially a minority position among Jews, Zionism gained momentum in the early 20th century by promoting Jewish settlement in Palestine and the development of Hebrew language and culture.

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    Zionism, Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish

    national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews (Hebrew: Eretz Yisraʾel, “the Land of
    Israel”). Though Zionism originated in eastern and central Europe in the latter part of the 19th century, it
    is in many ways a continuation of the ancient attachment of the Jews and of the Jewish religion to the
    historical region of Palestine, where one of the hills of ancient Jerusalem was called Zion.

    A brief treatment of Zionism follows. For fuller treatments, see Israel: Zionism; Judaism: Zionism.

    Israel

    More From Britannica

    Israel: Zionism

    In the 16th and 17th centuries a number of “messiahs” came forward trying to persuade Jews to
    “return” to Palestine. The Haskala (“Jewish Enlightenment”) movement of the late 18th century,
    however, urged Jews to assimilate into Western secular culture. In the early 19th century interest in a
    return of the Jews to Palestine was kept alive mostly by Christian millenarians. Despite the Haskala,
    eastern European Jews did not assimilate and, in reaction to tsarist pogroms, formed the Ḥovevei Ẕiyyon
    (“Lovers of Zion”) to promote the settlement of Jewish farmers and artisans in Palestine.

    A political turn was given to Zionism by Theodor Herzl, an Austrian journalist who regarded assimilation
    as most desirable but, in view of anti-Semitism, impossible to realize. Thus, he argued, if Jews were
    forced by external pressure to form a nation, they could lead a normal existence only through
    concentration in one territory. In 1897 Herzl convened the first Zionist Congress at Basel, Switzerland,
    which drew up the Basel program of the movement, stating that “Zionism strives to create for the
    Jewish people a home in Palestine secured by public law.”

    The centre of the movement was established in Vienna, where Herzl published the official weekly Die
    Welt (“The World”). Zionist congresses met yearly until 1901 and then every two years. When the
    Ottoman government refused Herzl’s request for Palestinian autonomy, he found support in Great
    Britain. In 1903 the British government offered 6,000 square miles (15,500 square km) of uninhabited
    Uganda for settlement, but the Zionists held out for Palestine.

    At the death of Herzl in 1904, the leadership moved from Vienna to Cologne and then to Berlin. Prior to
    World War I, Zionism represented only a minority of Jews, mostly from Russia but led by Austrians and
    Germans. It developed propaganda through orators and pamphlets, created its own newspapers, and
    gave an impetus to what was called a “Jewish renaissance” in letters and arts. The development of the
    Modern Hebrew language largely took place during that period

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