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Name Muhammad Saad Khan

Sapid 55619
Department Faculty of computer science
Program BS computer science
Class Applied Physic (Lab)

Experiment no 1
Resistor Color Code

Object:
a. To learn Resistor Color Code:
 Color-to-Number Conversion
 Color Band Sequence
 Significant Digits and Multiplier
 Tolerance Band
 Temperature Coefficient (for Five-Band Resistor)
 Practice and Verification
 Color Code Charts and Mnemonics
 Double-Check for Clarity
 Use a Multimeter
 Learn Special Codes (e.g., SMD)
b. To determine the stated value of a resistor by interpreting the
color code indicated on the resistor.
Determining the stated value of a resistor by interpreting the
color code indicated on the resistor is a fundamental skill in electronics.
Here's a concise overview:

 Color Code Interpretation:

Most resistors have colored bands on their bodies
to represent their resistance values. Each color corresponds to a
numeric value, typically following the pattern: Black (0), Brown (1), Red
(2), and so on up to White (9).
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 Band Sequence:
These colored bands are arranged in a specific sequence on
the resistor, usually from left to right. The first two bands represent
significant digits, the third band indicates the multiplier (a power of
10), and the fourth band (if present) signifies the tolerance.

 Calculation Process:
To determine the resistor's value, read the colors of
these bands and convert them to numbers. For example, if the first
band is Red (2) and the second band is Yellow (4), the significant digits
are 24. If the third band is Orange (3), the multiplier is 1,000 (10^3).
Combining them, you get a resistance value of 24 x 1,000, or 24,000
ohms (24 kilo-ohms).

 Tolerance (Optional):
The fourth band, if present, indicates the tolerance level,
specifying the allowable range of deviation from the stated resistance.
Common tolerance colors include Gold (±5%) and Silver (±10%).

 Double-Check and Verify:

Precision is essential when interpreting color codes.
Always double-check your interpretation to ensure accuracy. If a
tolerance band is present, the resistor's actual resistance can fall within
the specified tolerance range.

 Practice and Familiarity:

To become proficient, practice is key. Regularly read
resistor color codes to reinforce your understanding and skill in
identifying resistor values.
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 Special Cases:
Some resistors may have a fifth band representing the
temperature coefficient. While less common, understanding this aspect
may be relevant for specific applications.

Apparatus:
1. Set of wires.
2. Carbon Resistors.
3. Digital A.V.O. meter.

Theory
There are two ways to find the resistance value of a resistor. The color
bands on the body of the resistor tell how much resistance it has. As
shown in the following diagrams figure (1), there are 5-band resistors
and 4-band resistors. Form both 5- and 4-band resistors, the last band
indicates tolerance in table (1). Consult with the “Resistor Tolerance” in
table (2) chart for finding the tolerance value.

Figure 1) 5- Band and 4- Band resistors.

The first method for read resistor colors in Fig.(2)

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Figure 2) First method read resistor

Table of resistor color code.

Table 1) resistor color code

Table 2) resistor tolerance.

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View the resistors and based on the color bands determine its value.
Below is an example:

The first band is a one (1), the second band is a zero (0), and the
multiplier band or third band is
one time text to the third power (10³ ) or one thousand (1000).
Multiply 10 times 1000.
Another way to tell the resistance value of a resistor is to actually
measure it with the ohmmeter. The explanation of how to measure the
resistance is given in the later tip.
Where:-
Rmax = R+(R * T )

Procedure
1. Measure and record twenty resistors with value of 1 K ohm.
2. Find the R max. , R min. then calculate the percentage error.
3. Repeat the steps (1,2) with resistor value of 10K ohm.
4. Repeat the steps (1,2) with resistor value of 100K ohm.

Discussion
1. Comment for your results.
2. Determine the value and tolerance of the 10 resistors as shown in
the following tables for chart fig. (3):
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Table 2-2
Band Color code Numeric value
1st Band Orange 3
2nd Band Orange 3
3rd Band value is 33K
The Resistor OrangeThe Tolerance10³
is ±10%
4th Band Silver 10%

Table 2-3
Band Color code Numeric value
1st Band Orange 3
2nd Band Orange 3
3rd Band Red 10²
4th Band Silver 10%
The Resistor value is 3300 The Tolerance is ±10%

Table 2-6
Band Color code Numeric value
1st Band Red 2
2nd Band violet 7
3rd Band Brown 10
4th Band Gold 5%
The Resistor value is 270 The Tolerance is ±5%

Table 2-7
Band Color code Numeric value
1st Band Brown 1
2nd Band Brown 1
3rd Band Red 10²
4th Band Gold 5%
The Resistor value is 1100 The Tolerance is ±5%
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Table 2-8
Band Color code Numeric value
1st Band Yellow 4
2nd Band violet 7
3rd Band Red 10²
4th Band Silver 10%
The Resistor value is 4700 The Tolerance is ±10%

Table 3

3. Record resistor colors gave to its value in below :

4.7 KΩ 5% , 910Ω , 12 Ω 5%, 6.8KΩ 20%