it is very important that all teachers take the time to think

through their lessons before they enter the classroom.

Josselyn Naranjo
Gissela Machaquiza
Tatiana Moreta The actual content of any lesson will depend on what
Ismael Toapanta the teacher aims to achieve during the lesson
Carlos Torres
Do you need to plan if you have
a course book?
Lesson plans are the product of
teachers?thoughts about their classes.
Every lesson is unique and is Whatever the level of experience
made up of different stages though,

What are the principles of planning?

Course books provide a
variety of material in a structured
way and can be a great benefit for What should go into an English
the teacher and What is a lesson plan?
language lesson?
the student. A course book can
certainly help you to plan, but it cannot
replace your own ideas for what you
want to achieve with your class. Elements
Pre - Planing

Aims
One of the main principles of planning is establishing a clear
aim for your lesson. It is important that aims are realistic. ENGAGE STUDY ACTIVATE
Why is planning
Variety
important?
It is important to try and keep the students engaged and
interested. Providing variety in a lesson and a series of
Advantages
lessons is a way of achieving this. Students
- A course book gives the students a Engaging students Students need
Flexibility need to be given It gives students
sense of security is important for the to be introduced
Careful planning is very important but teachers need to be the chance to the chance to
- Course books are good resources for learning process. systematically to
able to adapt their plan during the lesson to suit the produce rehearse English The teacher needs to identify his or her
teachers, providing material and ideas the way that
circumstances. language aims for the lesson. What it is they want
which saves time when planning. English is put
- A good course book can give a structure together the students to be able to do
for a series of lessons, providing
continuity and consistency for the class. Engaged
- Most course books are written by students learn
better and are helps them to ?switch?
experienced teachers of English. It could also
Disadvantages language they have been
likely to cause
- The course book may not be suitable cover revision studying, into language which
fewer discipline
for your particular class and extension of they can use instinctively.
problems.
- ESA - Many course books are very previously taught Students to using only a
Engage, Study Activate. Plan to have all these predictable. They follow the same material. particular area of language, is
stages in each lesson. pattern unit after unit. an effective way Reasons why it is essential to plan:
- Aims - Course books can encourage teachers - Planning is a sign of professionalism.
Establish clear and realistic aims for your lesson. to be less creative and imaginative. - By planning you are considering your teaching situation and your particular students.
- Variety - As we have seen, lessons need to have certain elements and features such as ESA.
Try to use a variety of techniques, materials and Course books are, without doubt, a very useful aid for teachers. - Planning gives the teacher a chance to predict possible problems in the class and
activities to keep your students However it is often more productive to try and adapt and think about ways to deal with them.
interested in the subject. supplement the material in the book to suit your particular class. Motivated students
- Flexibility tend to learn better.
When you have a clear plan it?s easier to be
confident in adapting it if what happens in the
class is not what you expected or an
unplanned opportunity arises
 PLANNI NG
A LESSON
AI MS AND CONCEPTS
To present and provide practice of the use of ?for ?and
?since?with the present per fect. Controlled practice
It is helpful to be able to define the overall concept or Starting a Lesson
meaning of the target language when it is used naturally
To present and provide practice of the use of ?for ?and
?since?with the present per fect when talking about the If it doesn't interest it may not be sucessful
duration of a continuing state or action.
It is important to identify the concept of your target
language. Many language items are used in different ways, WARMERS or The activities are carried out
with distinct concepts. It refers to activities in a playful way with the aim of
icebreakers
implemented within the reinforcing the target language,
classroom with the aim of another characteristic is the
improving the language, some realization of activities in which
A way to catch his attention activities are: Quizzes, Gap-fill, experiences of daily life are
Information search, Drills, etc. implemented in a repetitive way.

warmer is a short activity that demands

CONTEXTS AND MARKERS SENTENCES
an active involvement from the students
Once you have established your concept you need to
consider actual contexts or situations where the language is Characteristics
used.
Marker sentences are used in the Study stage when
presenting new language. Repetitive activities can have bad
Steps consequences, so we must vary the
*Engage the students. activities applied.
*Establish the context through which the new language can A warmer should be interesting
be introduced
*Show the students the language First get the students going at the
*Give the students opportunities to practice and produce it beginning of the
themselves.
day or the beginning of the lesson Warmers are meant to be short
activities

Warmer activities do not necessarily Freer practice

have to be connected with the target
It gives the students a chance to switch language of the lesson
on to using English

Example
Play with a ball , organize the students in a circle if this person
got the ball can say the infinitive form of a verb then the past Less controlled activities in
class can improve fluency in Capturing the interest of the
form of a verb since the end of all the words students since students can student is the main thing, the
activate the language more teacher will move around the
naturally, some activities that can classroom trying to solve the
be applied are role plays, doubts of the students, and
discussions, writing activities, motivate them to use their
etc. imagination.
Presenting new language

Teacher must follow

Know grammar , how it is

pronounced and written, etc
materials that are commonly used to Finishing the lesson
introduce new language:

Form meaning and use

- Video tapes - Audio tapes - Newspapers - Songs - Teachers must organize their
Pictures - Realia - Stories and anecdotes At the end teachers can
lessons and respect school hours summarize to reinforce
to implement activities, longer knowledge and give a clear
lessons provide more sequences of sense of what has been achieved
teachings. with that activity.
Presenting materials
-Picture Presentation