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HW3 Solution

This document contains the solutions to homework problems for an electrical and computer engineering course on digital communications. The problems cover topics like: [1] using time-shifting properties to find Fourier transforms of signals; [2] analyzing the response of a communication channel to an input pulse; [3] determining the output of a squaring and low-pass filtering system; and [4] calculating the output power of a circuit given the input power spectral density. The solutions provide detailed step-by-step working to arrive at the answers.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views4 pages

HW3 Solution

This document contains the solutions to homework problems for an electrical and computer engineering course on digital communications. The problems cover topics like: [1] using time-shifting properties to find Fourier transforms of signals; [2] analyzing the response of a communication channel to an input pulse; [3] determining the output of a squaring and low-pass filtering system; and [4] calculating the output power of a circuit given the input power spectral density. The solutions provide detailed step-by-step working to arrive at the answers.

Uploaded by

ThienPhuc Tran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C ALIFORNIA S TATE U NIVERSITY, B AKERSFIELD (CSUB)

D EPARTMENT OF E LECTRICAL & C OMPUTER E NGINEERING & C OMPUTER S CIENCE


ECE 423: D IGITAL C OMMUNICATIONS

Homework 3
Solution

QUESTION 1:(25 POINTS)


(a) Use the time-shifting property to show that if g (t ) ⇐⇒ G( f ), then

g (t + T ) + g (t − T ) ⇐⇒ 2G( f ) cos 2π f T

Use this result and pairs 17 and 19 Fourier Transform Table to find the Fourier transforms of
the signals shown below.

Answer:
From the time-shifting property, g (t ± T ) ⇐⇒ G( f )e ± j 2π f T . Therefore,

g (t + T ) + g (t − T ) ⇐⇒ G( f )e j 2π f T +G( f )e − j 2π f T = 2G( f ) cos 2π f T

(a) Let T = 3. Then


Y t
g (t ) = ( ) ⇐⇒ G( f ) = 2sinc(2π f )
2
g (t + 3) + g (t − 3) ⇐⇒ 4sinc(2π f ) cos(6π f )

(b) Again let T = 3. Then

t
g (t ) = 4( ) ⇐⇒ G( f ) = sinc2 (π f )
2
g (t + 3) + g (t − 3) ⇐⇒ 2sinc2 (π f ) cos(6π f )

1
QUESTION 2:(25 POINTS)
A certain channel has ideal amplitude, but nonideal phase response as shown in the following
figure, given by

|H ( f )| = 1
θh ( f ) = −2π f t 0 − k sin 2π f T k ¿1

Show that y(t ), the channel response to an input pulse g (t ) band-limitted to B Hz, is

kh i
y(t ) = g (t − t 0 ) + g (t − t 0 − T ) − g (t − t 0 + T )
2
Hint: Use e − j k sin 2π f T ≈ 1 − j k sin 2π f T .

Answer: (a)

H ( f ) = |H ( f )|e j θh ( f ) = e j (−2π f t0 −k sin 2π f T ) = e − j k sin 2π f T e − j 2π f t0

Recognizing the second term as a time-shift and employing the hint e − j k sin 2π f T ≈ 1− j k sin 2π f T
for all small k, we obtain

H ( f ) ≈ (1 − j k sin 2π f T )e − j 2π f t0

Rewriting the sine function in terms of complex exponentials, we obtain


³ k k ´ k k
H ( f ) = 1 − e j 2π f T + e − j 2π f T e − j 2π f t0 = e − j 2π f t0 − e − j 2π f (t0 −T ) + e − j 2π f (t0 +T ) .
2 2 2 2
Thus the time domain impulse response consists of time-shifted impulses, that is,
kh i
y(t ) = h(t ) ∗ g (t ) = g (t − t 0 ) + g (t − t 0 − T ) − g (t − t 0 + T )
2
as claimed.

2
QUESTION 3:(25 POINTS)
A low-pass signal g (t ) is applied to a squaring device. The squarer output g 2 (t ) is applied to a
unity-gain ideal low-pass filter of bandwidth ∆ f Hz (see figure below). Show that if ∆ f is very
small (∆ f → 0), the filter output is a dc signal of amplitude 2E g ∆ f , where E g is the energy of
g (t ).

Answer:
If g 2 (t ) ⇐⇒ A( f ), then the output Y ( f ) = A( f )H ( f ), where H ( f ) is the low-pass filter with
transfer function as shown in the following figure. Because this filter band ∆ f → 0, we may
express it as an impulse function of area 2∆ f (i.e. the area under a unity-gain ideal filter will
be equal to the area of the rectangular of height 1 and width 2∆ f as shown in the figure.) We
take

H ( f ) ≈ (2∆ f )δ( f )
Y ( f ) ≈ [2A( f )∆ f ]δ( f ) = [2A(0)∆ f ]δ( f )

using the property g (x)δ(x) = g (0)δ(x). Thus, we have

y(t ) = 2A(0)∆ f

Next, because g 2 (t ) ⇐⇒ A( f ), we have


Z ∞
A( f ) = g 2 (t )e − j 2π f t d t
Z−∞

A(0) = g 2 (t )d t = E g .
−∞

Hence, y(t ) ≈ 2E g ∆ f , as claimed.

3
QUESTION 4(25 POINTS)
Find the mean square value (power) of the output voltage y(t) of the system shown in the
Q
following figure if the input voltage PSD S x ( f ) = (π f ). Calculate the power (mean square
value) of the input signal x(t ).

Hint:
(1) If x(t ) and y(t ) are the input and the corresponding output of a LTI system, then

S y ( f ) = |H ( f )|2 S x ( f )

where H ( f ) is the system transfer function.


R∞
(2) P x = −∞ S x ( f )d f .

Answer:
R∞ R 1/2π
S x ( f ) = (π f ). Then P x = −∞ S x ( f )d f = −1/2π d f = π1 . The transfer function of the RC part
Q

of the circuit is
1
HRC ( f ) = ,
1 + j 2π f
and that of the differentiator is

Hd /d t ( f ) = j 2π f .

Thus the overall circuit transfer function is


j 2π f 1
H ( f ) = HRC ( f )Hd /d t ( f ) = = j
,
1 + j 2π f 1 − 2πx
and
1
|H ( f )|2 = .
1 + 4π12 x 2

Using S y ( f ) = |H ( f )|2 S x ( f ),
1
S y ( f ) = |H ( f )|2 S x ( f ) =
Y
(π f )
1 + 4π12 x 2
and
∞ 1/2π 1 tan−1 (2π f ) ¯¯1/2π 1 1
Z Z
py = S y ( f )d f = df = f − = − .
1 + 4π12 x 2 π 4
¯
−∞ −1/2π 2π −1/2π

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