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An entity whose financial statements comply with the MPERS shall make an explicit and
unreserved statement of such compliance in the notes.
When management concludes that compliance with MPERS would be so misleading that it would
conflict with the objective of financial statements or where the departure was done in the prior year
but the departure affects amounts in the current year, the entity shall depart from that requirement
and disclose the following:
a) That management has concluded that the financial statements present fairly the entity's financial
position, financial performance and cash flows
b) That it has complied with the MPERS, except that it has departed from a particular requirement
to achieve fair presentation
c) The nature of the departure, including the treatment that the MPERS would require, the reason
why that treatment would be so misleading in the circumstances that it would conflict with the
objective of financial statements and the treatment adopted.
(MPERS 3.3 - 3.6)
When management concludes that compliance with MPERS would be so misleading that it would
conflict with the objective of financial statements, but the regulatory framework prohibits
departure from the requirement, the entity shall, to the maximum extent possible, reduce the
perceived misleading aspects of compliance by disclosing the following:
a) The nature of the requirement and the reason why management has concluded that complying
with that requirement is so misleading in the circumstances that it conflicts with the objective of
financial statements
b) For each period presented, the adjustments to each item in the financial statements that
management has concluded would be necessary to achieve a fair presentation
(MPERS 3.7)
When management is aware in maining its assessment, of material uncertainties related to events
or conditions that cast significant doubt upon the entity's ability to continue as a going concern, the
entity shall disclose those uncertainties.
When an entity does not prepare financial statements on a going concern basis, it shall disclose
that fact, together with the basis on which it prepared the financial statements and the reason why
the entity is not regarded as a going concern.
(MPERS 3.9)
An entity shall present a complete set of financial statements at least annually.
When the end of an entity's reporting period changes and the annual financial statements are
presented for a period longer or shorter than one year, the entity shall disclose the
following:
a) That fact
b) The reason for using a longer or shorter period
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c) The fact that comparative amounts presented in the financial statements (including the related
notes) are not entirely comparable.
(MPERS 3.10)
When comparative amounts are reclassified, an entity shall disclose the following:
a) The nature of the reclassification
b) The amount of each item or class that is reclassified
c) The reason for the reclassification
If it is impracticable to reclassify comparative amounts, the entity shall disclose why
reclassification was not practicable
(MPERS 3.12 - 3.13)
An entity shall disclose comparative information in respect of the previous comparable period for
all amounts presented in the current period’s financial statements.
An entity shall include comparative information for narrative and descriptive information when it
is relevant to an understanding of the current period's financial statements.
(MPERS 3.14)
An entity shall present separately each material class of similar items.
An entity shall present separately items of a dissimilar nature of function unless they are
immaterial.
(MPERS 3.15)
A complete set of financial statements of an entity shall include all of the following:
a) A statement of financial position as at the reporting date
b) Either
i) A single statement of comprehensive income for the reporting period displaying all items of
income and expense recognised during the period including those items recognised in determining
profit or loss (which is a subtotal in the statement of comprehensive income) and items of other
comprehensive income, or
ii) A separate income statement and a separate statement of comprehensive income.
c) A statement of changes in equity for the reporting period
d) A statement of cash flows for the reporting period
e) Notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory
information
If the only changes to equity during the periods for which financial statements are
presented arise from profit or loss, payment of dividends, corrections of prior period errors,
and changes in accounting policy, the entity may present a single statement of income and
retained earnings.
An entity shall present, as a minimum, two of each of the required financial statements and
related notes i.e. current period and first comparative period
Each financial statement must be presented with equal prominence
(MPERS 3.17 - 3.21)
An entity shall clearly identify each of the financial statements and the notes and distinguish them
from other information in the same document.
An entity shall display the following information prominently, and repeat it when
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necessary for an understanding of the information presented:
a) The name of the reporting entity and any change in its name since the end of the
preceding reporting period
b) Whether the financial statements cover the individual entity or a group of entities
c) The date of the end of the reporting period and the period covered by the financial
statements
d) The presentation currency
e) The level of rounding
An entity shall disclose the following in the notes:
a) The domicile and legal form of the entity, its country of incorporation and the address of
its registered office
b) A description of the nature of the entity's operations and its principal activities
(MPERS 3.23. - 3.24)
Statement of financial position
As a minimum, the statement of financial position shall include line items that present the
following amounts:
a) Cash and cash equivalents
b) Trade and other receivables
c) Financial assets
d) Inventories
e) Property, plant and equipment
ea) Investment property carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment
f) Investment property carried at fair value through profit or loss
g) Intangible assets
h) Biological assets carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment
i) Biological assets carried at fair value through profit or loss
j) Investments in associates
k) Investments in jointly controlled entities
l) Trade and other payables
m) Financial liabilities
n) Liabilities and assets for current tax
o) Deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets (always presented as non-current)
p) Provisions
q) Non-controlling interest, presented within equity separately from the equity attributable
to the owners of the parent
r) Equity attributable to the owners of the parent
An entity shall present additional line items, headings and subtotals in the statement of
financial position when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entity's
financial position
(MPERS 4.2 - 4.3)
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An entity shall present current and non-current assets, and current and non-current
liabilities, as separate classifications in its statement of financial position
(MPERS 4.4)
An entity shall disclose, either in the statement of financial position or in the notes, the
following subclassifications of the line items presented:
a) Property, plant and equipment in classifications appropriate to the entity
b) Trade and other receivables showing separately amounts due from related parties, amounts due
from other parties, and receivables arising from accrued income not yet billed
c) Inventories, showing separately amounts of inventories:
i) Held for sale in the ordinary course of business
ii) In the process of production for such sale
iii) In the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the
rendering of services
d) Trade and other payables, showing separately amounts payable to trade suppliers,
payable to related parties, deferred income and accruals
e) Provisions for employee benefits and other provisions
f) Classes of equity, such as paid-in capital, share premium, retained earnings and items of
income and expense that are recognised in other comprehensive income and presented
separately in equity
(MPERS 4.11)
The following shall be disclosed regarding share capital, either in the statement of
financial position or in the notes:
a) For each class of share capital:
i) The number of shares authorised
ii) The number of shares issued and fully paid, and issued but not fully paid
iii) Par value per share, or that the shares have no par value
iv) A reconciliation of the number of shares outstanding at the beginning and at the end of
the period (only current period)
v) The rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to that class including restrictions on
the distribution of dividends and the repayment of capital
vi) Shares in the entity held by the entity or by its subsidiaries or associates
vii) Shares reserved for issue under options and contracts for the sale of shares, including
the terms and amounts
b) A description of each reserve within equity
(MPERS 4.12)
If, at the reporting date, an entity has a binding sale agreement for a major disposal of
assets, or a group of assets and liabilities, the entity shall disclose the following
information:
a) A description of the asset(s) or the group of assets and liabilities
b) A description of the facts and circumstances of the sale or plan
c) The carrying amount of the assets or, if the disposal involved a group of assets and
liabilities, the carrying amounts of those assets and liabilities
(MPERS 4.14)
Statement of comprehensive income and income statement
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As a minimum, an entity shall include, in the statement of comprehensive income, line
items that present the following amounts for the period:
a) Revenue
b) Finance costs
c) Share of the profit or loss of investments in associates and jointly controlled entities
accounted for using the equity method
d) Tax expense
e) A single amount comprising the total of
i) The post-tax profit or loss of a discontinued operation, and
ii) The post-tax gain or loss attributable to an impairment, or reversal of impairment, of the
assets in the discontinued operation, both at the time and subsequent to being classified as a
discontinued operation and to the disposal of the net assets constituting the discontinued
operation.
f) Profit or loss (if an entity has no items of other comprehensive income, this line need
not be presented)
g) Each item of other comprehensive income classified by nature and grouped as follows:
i) Items to be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
1) Gains or losses arising on translating the financial statements of a foreign operation
2) Actuarial gains or losses
3) Changes in the revaluation surplus for property, plant and equipment measured in
accordance with the revaluation model
ii) Items that will not be reclassified subsequent to profit or loss:
1) Changes in the fair values of hedging instruments
h) Share of the other comprehensive income of associates and jointly controlled entities
accounted for by the equity method
i) Total comprehensive income
(MPERS 5.5)
An entity shall disclose separately the following items as allocations for the period:
a) Profit or loss for the period attributable to
i) non-controlling interest
ii) owners of the parent
b) Total comprehensive income for the period attributable to
i) non-controlling interest
ii) owners of the parent
(MPERS 5.6)
An entity shall present additional line items, headings and subtotals in the statement of
comprehensive income when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entity’s
financial performance
(MPERS 5.9)
An entity shall not present or describe any items of income and expense as "extraordinary
items" in the statement of comprehensive income
(MPERS 5.10)
An entity shall present an analysis of expenses using a classification based on either the
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nature of expenses or the function of expenses within the entity.
a) By nature: Expenses are aggregated according to their nature and are not reallocated
among various functions within the entity
b) By function: Expenses are aggregated according to their function. As a minimum, an entity
discloses its cost of sales under this method separately from other expenses
(MPERS 5.11)
Statement of changes in equity
An entity shall present a statement of changes in equity showing in the statement:
a) Total comprehensive income for the period, showing separately the total amounts
attributable to owners of the parent and to non-controlling interests
b) For each component of equity, the effects of retrospective application of retrospective
restatement
c) For each component of equity, a reconciliation between the carrying amount at the
beginning and the end of the period, separately disclosing changes resulting from:
i) Profit or loss
ii) Each item of other comprehensive income
iii) The amounts of investments by, and dividends and other distributions to, owners,
showing separately issues of shares, treasury share transactions, dividends and other distributions
to owners, and changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control
(MPERS 6.3)
An entity shall present, in the statement of income and retained earnings, the following
items:
a) Retained earnings at the beginning of the period
b) Dividends declared and paid or payable during the period
c) Restatements of retained earnings for corrections of prior period errors
d) Restatement of retained earnings for changes in accounting policy
e) Retained earnings at the end of the reporting period
(MPERS 6.5)
Statement of cash flows
An entity shall present a statement of cash flows that presents cash flows for a reporting period
classified by operating activities, investing activities and financing activities.
(MPERS 7.3)
An entity shall present cash flows from operating activities using either:
a) The indirect method, whereby profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of non-cash
transactions, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and
items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows, or
b) The direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments
are disclosed
(MPERS 7.7)
An entity shall present separately major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash
payments arising from investing and financing activities.
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The aggregate cash flows arising from acquisitions and from disposals of subsidiaries or other
business units shall be presented separately and classified as investing activities
(MPERS 7.10)
An entity shall present separately cash flows from interest and dividends received and paid
An entity shall classify cash flows consistently from period to period as operating,
investing or financing activities
(MPERS 7.14)
An entity shall present separately cash flows arising from income tax and shall classify
them as cash flows from operating activities unless they can be specifically identified with
financing and investing activities
(MPERS 7.17)
An entity shall disclose non-cash transactions elsewhere in the financial statements in a
way that provides all the relevant information about those investing and financing
activities
(MPERS 7.18)
An entity shall present the components of cash and cash equivalents and shall present a
reconciliation of the amounts presented in the statement of cash flows to the equivalent items
presented in the statement of financial position
(MPERS 7.20)
An entity shall disclose, together with a commentary by management, the amount of
significant cash and cash equivalent balances held by the entity that are not available for use by
the entity.
(MPERS 7.21)
Notes to the financial statements
The notes shall:
a) Present information about the basis of preparation of the financial statements and the
specific accounting policies used
b) Disclose information not disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements
c) Provide information that is not presented elsewhere in the financial statements but is
relevant to an understanding of any of them
An entity shall present as far as practicable the notes in a systematic manner
(MPERS 8.2 - 8.3)
An entity shall disclose the following in the summary of significant accounting policies:
a) The measurement basis used in preparing the financial statements
b) The other accounting policies used that are relevant to an understanding of the financial
statements
(MPERS 8.5)
An entity shall disclose, in the summary of significant accounting policies or other notes,
the judgements that management has made in the process of applying the entity’s accounting
policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial
statements
(MPERS 8.6)
An entity shall disclose in the notes information about the key assumptions concerning the
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future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a
significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
within the next financial year. In respect of those assets and liabilities, the notes shall include
details of:
a) Their nature
b) Their carrying amount as at the end of the reporting period
(MPERS 8.7)
Consolidated financial statements
An entity shall present non-controlling interest in the consolidated statement of financial position
within equity, separately from the equity of the owners of the parent
An entity shall disclose non-controlling interest in the profit or loss of the group separately
in the statement of comprehensive income
(MPERS 9.20 - 9.21)
The following disclosures shall be made in consolidated financial statements:
a) The fact that the statements are consolidated financial statements
b) The basis for concluding that control exists when the parent does not own, directly or
indirectly through subsidiaries, more than half of the voting power
c) Any difference in the reporting date of the financial statements of the parent and its subsidiaries
used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements
d) The nature and extent of any significant restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries to transfer
funds to the parent in the form of cash dividends or to repay loans
(MPERS 9.23)
A parent shall disclose the carrying amount of investments in subsidiaries that are not
consolidated at the reporting date, in total, either in the statement of financial position or in the
notes
(MPERS 9.23A)
Separate financial statements
When a parent, an investor in an associate, or a venturer with an interest in a jointly
controlled entity prepares separate financial statements, those separate financial statements shall
disclosed:
a) That the statement are separate financial statements, and
b) A description of the methods used to account for the investments in subsidiaries, jointly
controlled entities and associates
And shall identify the consolidated financial statements or other primary financial
statements to which they relate
(MPERS 9.27)
The combined financial statements shall disclose the following
a) The fact that the financial statements are combined financial statements
b) The reason why combined financial statements are prepared
c) The basis for determining which entities are included in the combined financial
statements
d) The basis of preparation of the combined financial statements
e) The related party disclosures
(MPERS 9.30)
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Accounting policies, estimates and errors Changes in accounting policies
When an amendment to MPERS has an effect on the current period or any prior period, or might
have an effect on future periods, the entity shall disclose the following:
a) The nature of the change in accounting policy
b) For the current period and each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of
the adjustment for each financial statement line item affected
c) The amount of the adjustment relating to periods before those presented, to the extent
practicable
d) An explanation if it is impracticable to determine the amounts to be disclosed
(MPERS 10.13)
When a voluntary change in accounting policy has an effect on the current period or any
prior period, an entity shall disclose the following:
a) The nature of the change in accounting policy
b) The reasons why applying the new accounting policy provides reliable and more
relevant information
c) To the extent practicable, the amount of the adjustment for each financial statement line
item affected, shown separately:
i) For the current period
ii) For each prior period presented
iii) In the aggregate for periods before those presented
d) An explanation if it is not practicable to determine the amounts to be disclosed in C
(MPERS 10.14)
Changes in estimates
An entity shall disclose the nature of any change in accounting estimate and the effect of the
change on assets, liabilities, income and expense for the current period. If it is practicable for the
entity to estimate the effect of the change in one or more future periods, the entity shall disclosed
those estimates
(MPERS 10.18)
Corrections of prior period errors
An entity shall disclose the following about prior period errors
a) The nature of the prior period error
b) For each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of the correction
for each financial statements line item affected
c) To the extent practicable, the amount of the correction at the beginning of the earliest
prior period presented.
d) An explanation if it is not practicable to determine the amounts to be disclosed
(MPERS 10.23)
Basic financial instruments
An entity shall disclose, in the summary of significant accounting policies, the measurement
basis used for financial instruments and the other accounting policies used for financial
instruments that are relevant to an understanding of the financial statements
An entity shall disclose the carrying amounts of each of the following categories of
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financial assets and financial liabilities at the reporting date, in total, either in the statement of
financial position or in the notes:
a) Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
b) Financial assets that are debt instruments measured at amortised cost
c) Financial assets that are equity instruments measures at cost less impairment
d) Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss
e) Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
f) Loan commitments measured at cost less impairment
An entity shall disclose information that enables users of its financial statements to
evaluate the significance of financial instruments for its financial position and performance.
For all financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value, the entity shall
disclose the basis for determining fair value. When a valuation technique is used, the entity shall
disclose the assumptions applied in determining fair value for each class of financial assets or
financial liabilities.
If a reliable measure of fair value is no longer available for an equity instrument measured at fair
value through profit or loss, the entity shall disclose that fact
(MPERS 11.40 - 11.44)
If an entity has transferred financial assets to another party in a transaction that does not
qualify for derecognition, the entity shall disclose the following for each class of such financial
assets:
a) The nature of the assets
b) The nature of the risks and rewards of ownership to which the entity remains exposed
c) The carrying amounts of the assets and of any associated liabilities that the entity
continues to recognised
(MPERS 11.45)
When an entity has pledged financial assets are collateral for liabilities or contingent
liabilities, it shall disclose the following:
a) The carrying amount of the financial assets pledged as collateral
b) The terms and conditions relating to its pledge
(MPERS 11.46)
For loans payable recognised at the reporting date for which there is a breach of terms of default of
principal, interest, sinking fund, or redemption terms that has not been remedied by the reporting
date, an entity shall disclose the following:
a) Details of that breach or default
b) The carrying amount of the related loans payable at the reporting date
c) Whether the breach or default was remedied, or the terms of the loans payable were
renegotiated, before the financial statements were authorised for issue
(MPERS 11.47)
An entity shall disclose the following items of income, expense, gains or losses:

a) Income, expense, gains or losses, including changes to fair value, recognised on:
i) Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
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ii) Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss
iii) Financial assets measured at amortised cost
iv) Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
b) Total interest income and total interest expense for financial assets or financial
liabilities that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss
c) The amount of any impairment loss for each class of financial asset
(MPERS 11.48)
Other financial instruments issues
An entity shall disclose the following separately for hedges of each of the four types of
risks:
a) Description of the hedge
b) Description of the financial instruments designated as hedging instruments and their fair
values at the reporting date
c) The nature of the risks being hedged, including a description of the hedged item
If an entity uses hedge accounting for a hedge of fixed interest rate risk or commodity
price risk of a commodity held, it shall disclose the following:
a) The amount of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument recognised in profit or
loss
b) The amount of the change in fair value of the hedged item recognised in profit or loss

If an entity uses hedge accounting for a hedge of variable interest rate risk, foreign exchange
risk, commodity price risk in a firm commitment or highly probable forecast transaction, or in a
net investment in a foreign operation, it shall disclose the following:
a) The periods when the cash flows are expected to occur and when they are expected to
affect profit or loss
b) A description of any forecast transaction for which hedge account had previously been
used, but which is no longer expected to occur
c) The amount of the change in fair value of the hedging isntrument that was recognised in
other comprehensive income during the period
d) The amount that was reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss for
the period
e) The amount of any excess of the fair value of the hedging instrument over the change in the fair
value of the expected cash flows that was recognised in profit or loss
(MPERS 12.27 - 12.29)
Inventories
An entity shall disclose the following:
a) The accounting policies adopted in measuring inventories, including the cost formula
used
b) The total carrying amount of inventories and the carrying amount in classifications
appropriate to the entity
c) The amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the period
d) Impairment losses recognised or reversed in profit or loss
e) The total carrying amount of inventories pledged as security for liabilities
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(MPERS 13.22)
Investments in associates
An investor in an associate shall disclose the following:
a) Its accounting policy for investments in associates
b) The carrying amount of investments in associates
c) The fair value of investments in associates accounted for using the equity method for
which there are published price quotations
(MPERS 14.12)
For investments in associates accounted for by the cost model, an investor shall disclose the
amount of dividends and other distributions recognised as income
(MPERS 14.13)
For investments in associates accounted for by the equity method, an investor shall
disclose separately its share of the profit or loss of such associates and its share of any
discontinued operations of such associates
(MPERS 14.14)
For investments in associates accounted for by the fair value model, an investor shall make the
disclosures required in section 11 Basic Financial Instrument. If the undue cost or effort exemption
is applied as per paragraph 14.10 the reasons why fair value measurement would involve undue
cost or effort and the carrying amount of the investments in associates under the cost model

(MPERS 14.15)
Investments in joint ventures
An investor in a joint venture shall disclose:
a) The accounting policy it uses for recognising its interests in jointly controlled entities
b) The carrying amount of investments in joint controlled entities
c) The fair value of investments in jointly controlled entities accounted for using the equity
method for which there are published price quotations
d) The aggregate amount of its commitments relating to joint ventures, including its share in the
capital commitments that have been incurred jointly with other venturers, as well as its share of
the capital commitments of the joint ventures
(MPERS 15.19)
For jointly controlled entities accounted for by the fair value model, an investor shall make the
disclosures required in section 11 Basic Financial Instrument. If the undue cost or effort exemption
is applied as per paragraph 14.10 the reasons why fair value measurement would involve undue
cost or effort and the carrying amount of the investments in jointly controlled entities under the
cost model
(MPERS 15.21)
Investment property
An entity shall disclose the following for all investment property accounted for at fair
value through profit or loss:
a) The methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of
investment property
b) The extent to which the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by an
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independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent
experience in the location and class of the investment property being valued. If there has been no
such valuation, that fact shall be disclosed
c) The existence and amounts of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or
the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
d) Contractual obligations to purchase, construct or develop investment property or for
repairs, maintenance or enhancements
e) A reconciliation between the carrying amount of investment property at the beginning and end
of the period (need not be presented for prior periods), showing separately:
i) Additions, disclosing separately those additions resulting from acquisitions through
business combinations
ii) Net gains or losses from fair value adjustments
iii) Transfers to and from investment property carried at cost less accumulated depreciation
and impairment
iv) Transfers to and from inventories and owner-occupied property
v) Other changes
(MPERS 16.10)
Property, plant and equipment
An entity shall disclose the following for each class of property, plant and equipment and
separately for investment property carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment:
a) The measurement bases used for determining the gross carrying amount
b) The depreciation methods used
c) The useful lives or the depreciation rates used
d) The gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated with accumulated
impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the reporting period
e) A reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the reporting period (need
not be presented for prior periods), showing separately:
i) Additions
ii) Disposals
iii) Acquisitions through business combinations
iv) Increases or decreases resulting from revaluations and from impairment losses
recognised or reversed in other comprehensive income
v) Transfers to and from investment property carried at fair value through profit or loss
vi) Impairment losses recognised or reversed in profit or loss
vii) Depreciation
viii) Other changes
The entity shall also disclose the following:
a) The existence and carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment to which the
entity has restricted title or that is pledged as security for liabilities
b) The amount of contractual commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and
equipment
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c) The fact that an entity has investment property whose fair value cannot be measured reliably
without undue cost or effort and the reasons why fair value measurement would involve undue cost
or effort for those items of investment property
If items of property, plant and equipment are stated at revalued amounts, an entity shall
disclose the following:
a) The effective date of the revaluation
b) Whether an independent valuer was involved
c) The methods and assumptions applied in estimating the items' fair values
d) For each revalued class of property, plant and equipment, the carrying amount that would
have been recognised had the assets been carried under the cost model
e) The revaluation surplus, indicating the change for the period and any restrictions on the
distribution of the balance to shareholders
(MPERS 17.31 - 17.33)
Intangible assets other than Goodwill
An entity shall disclose the following for each class of intangible assets:
a) the useful lives or the amortisation rates used.
b) the amortisation methods used.
c) the gross carrying amount and any accumulated amortisation (aggregated with accumulated
impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the reporting period
d) the line item(s) in the statement of comprehensive income (and in the income statement, if
presented) in which any amortisation of intangible assets is included
(e) a reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the reporting period (need
not be presented for prior periods), showing separately:
i) additions.
ii) disposals.
iii) acquisitions through business combinations.
iv) amortisation.
v) impairment losses.
vi) other changes.
An entity shall also disclose:
a) a description, the carrying amount and remaining amortisation period of any individual
intangible asset that is material to the entity’s financial statements
b) for intangible assets acquired by way of a government grant and initially recognised at
fair value:
i) the fair value initially recognised for these assets, and
(ii) their carrying amounts
c) the existence and carrying amounts of intangible assets to which the entity has restricted
title or that are pledged as security for liabilities
d) the amount of contractual commitments for the acquisition of intangible assets
An entity shall disclose the aggregate amount of research and development expenditure
recognised as an expense during the period
MPERS 18.27 - 18.29)
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Business combinations and Goodwill
For each business combination that was effected during the period, the acquirer shall
disclose the following:
(a) the names and descriptions of the combining entities or businesses
(b) the acquisition date
(c) the percentage of voting equity instruments acquired
d) the cost of the combination and a description of the components of that cost (such as
cash, equity instruments and debt instruments)
e) the amounts recognised at the acquisition date for each class of the acquiree’s assets,
liabilities and contingent liabilities, including goodwill
f) the amount of any excess recognised in profit or loss in accordance with paragraph
19.24, and the line item in the statement of comprehensive income (and in the income
statement, if presented) in which the excess is recognised
(g) A qualitative description of the factors that make up the goodwill recognised, such as
expected synergies from combining operations of the acquiree and acquirer, or intangible assets
or other items not recognised previously
An acquirer shall disclose the useful lives used for goodwill and a reconciliation of the
carrying amount of goodwill at the beginning and end of the reporting period, showing
separately:
a) changes arising from new business combinations.
b) impairment losses.
c) disposals of previously acquired businesses.
d) other changes.
(MPERS 19.25 - 19.26)
Leases
A lessee shall make the following disclosures for finance leases:
a) for each class of asset, the net carrying amount at the end of the reporting period
b) the total of future minimum lease payments at the end of the reporting period, for each
of the following periods:
i) not later than one year;
ii) later than one year and not later than five years; and
iii) later than five years.
c) a general description of the lessee’s significant leasing arrangements including, for example,
information about contingent rent, renewal or purchase options and escalation clauses,
subleases, and restrictions imposed by lease arrangements
(MPERS 20.13)
A lessee shall make the following disclosures for operating leases:
a) the total of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases for
each of the following periods:
i) not later than one year;
ii) later than one year and not later than five years; and
iii) later than five years.
b) lease payments recognised as an expense.
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c) a general description of the lessee’s significant leasing arrangements including, for example,
information about contingent rent, renewal or purchase options and escalation clauses,
subleases, and restrictions imposed by lease arrangements
(MPERS 20.16)
A lessor shall make the following disclosures for finance leases:
(a) a reconciliation between the gross investment in the lease at the end of the reporting
period, and the present value of minimum lease payments receivable at the end of the reporting
period. In addition, a lessor shall disclose the gross investment in the lease and the present value of
minimum lease payments receivable at the end of the reporting period, for each of the following
periods:
i) not later than one year;
ii) later than one year and not later than five years; and
iii) later than five years.
b) unearned finance income.
c) the unguaranteed residual values accruing to the benefit of the lessor.
d) the accumulated allowance for uncollectible minimum lease payments receivable
e) contingent rents recognised as income in the period.
f) a general description of the lessor’s significant leasing arrangements, including, for example,
information about contingent rent, renewal or purchase options and escalation clauses,
subleases, and restrictions imposed by lease arrangements
(MPERS 20.23)
A lessor shall disclose the following for operating leases:
a) the future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases for each of
the following periods:
i) not later than one year;
ii) later than one year and not later than five years; and
iii) later than five years.
b) total contingent rents recognised as income.
c) a general description of the lessor’s significant leasing arrangements, including, for example,
information about contingent rent, renewal or purchase options and escalation clauses, and
restrictions imposed by lease arrangements
(MPERS 20.30)
Disclosure requirements for lessees and lessors apply equally to sale and leaseback
transactions. The required description of significant leasing arrangements includes
description of unique or unusual provisions of the agreement or terms of the saleand
leaseback transactions
(MPERS 20.35)
Provisions and contingencies
For each class of provision, an entity shall disclose all of the following:
(a) a reconciliation (need not be presented for prior periods) showing
i) the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the period;
ii) additions during the period, including adjustments that result from changes in
measuring the discounted amount;
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iii) amounts charged against the provision during the period; and
iv) unused amounts reversed during the period.
b) a brief description of the nature of the obligation and the expected amount and timing of
any resulting payments
c) an indication of the uncertainties about the amount or timing of those outflows
d) the amount of any expected reimbursement, stating the amount of any asset that has
been recognised for that expected reimbursement
Unless the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, an entity shall
disclose, for each class of contingent liability at the reporting date, a brief description of the
nature of the contingent liability and, when practicable:
a) an estimate of its financial effect,
b) an indication of the uncertainties relating to the amount or timing of any outflow; and
c) the possibility of any reimbursement.
If it is impracticable to make one or more of these disclosures, that fact shall be disclosed
If an inflow of economic benefits is probable (more likely than not) but not virtually
certain, an entity shall disclose a description of the nature of the contingent assets at the end of the
reporting period, and, when practicable without undue cost or effort, an estimate of their financial
effect. If it is impracticable to make this disclosure, that fact shall be stated.
(MPERS 21.14 - 21.16)
Liabilities and Equity
If assets to be distributed to the owners of the entity and the fair value of these cannot be reliably
measured without undue cost or effort, the entity shall disclose this fact and the reasons why the
measurement involves undue cost or effort
(MPERS 22.20)
Revenue
An entity shall disclose:
a) the accounting policies adopted for the recognition of revenue, including the methods
adopted to determine the stage of completion of transactions involving the rendering of
services.
b) the amount of each category of revenue recognised during the period, showing
separately, at a minimum, revenue arising from:
i) the sale of goods.
ii) the rendering of services.
iii) interest.
iv) royalties.
v) dividends.
vi) commissions.
vii) government grants.
viii) any other significant types of revenue
An entity shall disclose the following relating to revenue from construction contracts:
a) the amount of contract revenue recognised as revenue in the period.
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b) the methods used to determine the contract revenue recognised in the period

c) the methods used to determine the stage of completion of contracts in progress.

An entity shall present:
a) the gross amount due from customers for contract work, as an asset.
b) the gross amount due to customers for contract work, as a liability.
(MPERS 23.30 - 23.32)
Government grants
An entity shall disclose the following about government grants:
a) the nature and amounts of government grants recognised in the financial statements.
b) unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies attaching to government grants that have
not been recognised in income.
c) an indication of other forms of government assistance from which the entity has directly
benefited.
(MPERS 24.6)
Share-based payments
An entity shall disclose the following information about the nature and extent of share-
based payment arrangements that existed during the period:
(a) a description of each type of share-based payment arrangement that existed at any time during
the period, including the general terms and conditions of each arrangement, such as vesting
requirements, the maximum term of options granted,and the method of settlement (eg whether in
cash or equity). An entity with substantially similar types of share-based payment arrangements
may aggregate this information.
b) the number and weighted average exercise prices of share options for each of the
following groups of options:
i) outstanding at the beginning of the period
ii) granted during the period
iii) forfeited during the period
iv) exercised during the period
v) expired during the period
vi) outstanding at the end of the period
vii) exercisable at the end of the period
For equity-settled share-based payment arrangements, an entity shall disclose information
about how it measured the fair value of goods or services received or the value of the equity
instruments granted. If a valuation methodology was used, the entity shall disclose the method
and its reason for choosing it.
For cash-settled share-based payment arrangements, an entity shall disclose information
about how the liability was measured.
For share-based payment arrangements that were modified during the period, an entity
shall disclose an explanation of those modifications.
If the entity is part of a group share-based payment plan, and it recognises and measures its share-
based payment expense on the basis of a reasonable allocation of the expense recognised for the
group, it shall disclose that fact and the basis for the allocation
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An entity shall disclose the following information about the effect of share-based payment
transactions on the entity’s profit or loss for the period and on its financial position:
a) the total expense recognised in profit or loss for the period.
b) the total carrying amount at the end of the period for liabilities arising from share-based
payment transactions
(MPERS 26.18 - 26.23)
Impairment of assets
An entity shall disclose the following for each class of assets:
(a) the amount of impairment losses recognised in profit or loss during the period and the line
item(s) in the statement of comprehensive income (and in the income statement, if presented) in
which those impairment losses are included
(b) the amount of reversals of impairment losses recognised in profit or loss during the period
and the line item(s) in the statement of comprehensive income (and in the income statement, if
presented) in which those impairment losses are reversed
An entity shall disclose the information required by the above paragraph for each of the
following classes of asset:
a) inventories.
b) property, plant and equipment (including investment property accounted for by the cost
method).
c) goodwill.
d) intangible assets other than goodwill.
e) investments in associates.
f) investments in joint ventures.
(MPERS 27.32 - 27.33)
Employee benefits
An entity shall disclose the amount recognised in profit or loss as an expense for defined
contribution plans. If an entity treats a defined benefit multi-employer plan as a defined
contribution plan because sufficient information is not available to use defined benefit accounting
it shall disclose the fact that itis a defined benefit plan and the reason why it is being accounted
for as a defined contribution plan, along with any available information about the plan’s surplus
or deficit and the implications, if any, for the entity.
An entity shall disclose the following information about defined benefit plans (except for
any defined multi- employer benefit plans that are accounted for as a defined contribution plans). If
an entity has more than one defined benefit plan, these disclosures may be made in total, separately
for each plan, or in such groupings as are considered to be the most useful:
(a) a general description of the type of plan, including funding policy.
b) the entity’s accounting policy for recognising actuarial gains and losses (either in profit
or loss or as an item of other comprehensive income) and the amount of actuarial gains and losses
recognised during the period.
c) a narrative explanation if the entity uses any of the simplifications in paragraph 28.19 in
measuring its defined benefit obligation.
d) the date of the most recent comprehensive actuarial valuation and, if it was not as of the
reporting date, a description of the adjustments that were made to measure the defined benefit
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obligation at the reporting date.
e) a reconciliation of opening and closing balances of the defined benefit obligation
showing separately benefits paid and all other changes.
f) a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of the fair value of plan assets and
of the opening and closing balances of any reimbursement right recognised as an asset, showing
separately, if applicable:
i) contributions;
ii) benefits paid; and
iii) other changes in plan assets.
g) the total cost relating to defined benefit plans for the period, disclosing separately the
amounts
i) recognised in profit or loss as an expense, and
(ii) included in the cost of an asset
(h) for each major class of plan assets, which shall include, but is not limited to, equity
instruments, debt instruments, property, and all other assets, the percentage or amount that each
major class constitutes of the fair value of the total plan assets at the reporting date
i) the amounts included in the fair value of plan assets for:
i) each class of the entity’s own financial instruments; and
(ii) any property occupied by, or other assets used by, the entity
(j) the actual return on plan assets
k) the principal actuarial assumptions used, including, when applicable:
i) the discount rates;
ii) the expected rates of return on any plan assets for the periods presented in the financial
statements;
iii) the expected rates of salary increase;
iv) medical cost trend rates; and
v) any other material actuarial assumptions used
A subsidiary that recognises and measures employee benefit expense on the basis of a reasonable
allocation of the expense recognised for the group shall, in its separate financial statements,
describe its policy for making the allocation and shall make the disclosures in (a)—(k) above for
the plan as a whole.
For each category of other long-term benefits that an entity provides to its employees, the
entity shall disclose the nature of the benefit, the amount of its obligation and the extent of funding
at the reporting date.
For each category of termination benefits that an entity provides to its employees, the entity shall
disclose the nature of the benefit, its accounting policy, and the amount of its obligation and the
extent of funding at the reporting date.
When there is uncertainty about the number of employees who will accept an offer of termination
benefits, a contingent liability exists. Section 21 Provisions and Contingencies requires an entity to
disclose information about its contingent liabilities unless the possibility of an outflow in
settlement is remote.
(MPERS 28.40 - 28.44)
Income tax
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When an entity presents current and non-current assets, and current and non-current
liabilities, as separate classifications in its statement of financial position, it shall not classify
any deferred tax assets (liabilities) as current assets (liabilities).
(MPERS 29.36)
An entity shall offset current tax assets and current tax liabilities, or offset deferred tax
assets and deferred tax liabilities, only when it has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts
and it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously.
(MPERS 29.37)
An entity shall disclose information that enables users of its financial statements to
evaluate the nature and financial effect of the current and deferred tax consequences of recognised
transactions and other events.
(MPERS 29.38)
An entity shall disclose separately the major components of tax expense (income). Such
components of tax expense (income) may include:
a) current tax expense (income).
b) any adjustments recognised in the period for current tax of prior periods.
c) the amount of deferred tax expense (income) relating to the origination and reversal of
temporary differences.
d) the amount of deferred tax expense (income) relating to changes in tax rates or the
imposition of new taxes.
e) the amount of the benefit arising from a previously unrecognised tax loss, tax credit or
temporary difference of a prior period that is used to reduce tax expense.
f) adjustments to deferred tax expense arising from a change in the tax status of the entity
or its shareholders.
g) deferred tax expense (income) arising from the write-down, or reversal of a previous
write-down, of a deferred tax asset
h) the amount of tax expense relating to changes in accounting policies and errors
(MPERS 29.39)
An entity shall disclose the following separately:
(a) the aggregate current and deferred tax relating to items that are recognised as items of
other comprehensive income.
b) the aggregate current and deferred tax relating to items that are charged or credited
directly to equity
c) an explanation of any significant differences between the tax expense (income) and
accounting profit multiplied by the applicable tax rate.
d) an explanation of changes in the applicable tax rate(s) compared with the previous
reporting period
e) for each type of temporary difference and for each type of unused tax losses and tax
credits:
i) the amount of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets at the end of the reporting
period
(ii) an analysis of the change in deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets during the
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period.
e) the expiry date, if any, of temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax
credits.
(f) the expiry date, if any, of temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax
credits for which no deferred tax asset is recognised
(g) in the circumstances described in paragraph 29.33, an explanation of the nature of the
potential income tax consequences that would result from the payment of dividends to its
shareholders.
(MPERS 29.40)
If an entity does not offset tax assets and liabilities as a result of having utilised the undue cost of
effort exemption, the fact that these have not be offset must be disclosed along with the reasons
why applying the requirement involved undue cost or effort
(MPERS 29.41)
Foreign currency translation
An entity shall disclose the following:
a) the amount of exchange differences recognised in profit or loss during the period,
except for those arising on financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss
b) the amount of exchange differences arising during the period and classified in a separate
component of equity at the end of the period.
An entity shall disclose the currency in which the financial statements are presented. When
the presentation currency is different from the functional currency, an entity shall state that fact
and shall disclose the functional currency and the reason for using a different presentation
currency.
When there is a change in the functional currency of either the reporting entity or a
significant foreign operation, the entity shall disclose that fact and the reason for the change
in functional currency.
(MPERS 30.25 - 30.27)
Hyperinflation
An entity to which this section applies shall disclose the following:
a) the fact that financial statements and other prior period data have been restated for changes
in the general purchasing power of the functional currency.
b) the identity and level of the price index at the reporting date and changes during the
current reporting period and the previous reporting period.
c) amount of gain or loss on monetary items.
(MPERS 31.15)
Events after the end of the reporting period
An entity shall disclose the date when the financial statements were authorised for issue and who
gave that authorisation. If the entity’s owners or others have the power to amend the financial
statements after issue, the entity shall disclose that fact.
An entity shall disclose the following for each category of non-adjusting event after the
end of the reporting period:
a) the nature of the event, and
b) an estimate of its financial effect, or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made.
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(MPERS 32.09 - 32.10)
Related party disclosures
Relationships between a parent and its subsidiaries shall be disclosed irrespective of
whether there have been related party transactions. An entity shall disclose the name of its parent
and, if different, the

ultimate controlling party. If neither the entity’s parent nor the ultimate controlling party
produces financial statements available for public use, the name of the next most senior parent
that does so (if any) shall also be disclosed.
(MPERS 33.05)
An entity shall disclose key management personnel compensation in total
(MPERS 33.07)
If an entity has related party transactions, it shall disclose the nature of the related party
relationship as well as information about the transactions, outstanding balances and commitments
necessary for an understanding of the potential effect of the relationship on the financial
statements. Those disclosure requirements are in addition to the requirements in paragraph 33.7 to
disclose key management personnel compensation. At a minimum, disclosures shall include:
(a) the amount of the transactions
b) the amount of outstanding balances and:
i) their terms and conditions, including whether they are secured, and the nature of the
consideration to be provided in settlement, and
ii) details of any guarantees given or received
(c) provisions for uncollectible receivables related to the amount of outstanding balances
(d) the expense recognised during the period in respect of bad or doubtful debts due from
related parties
Such transactions could include purchases, sales, or transfers of goods or services; leases;
guarantees; and settlements by the entity on behalf of the related party or vice versa
An entity shall make the disclosures required by the above paragraph separately for each of
the following categories:
(a) entities with control, joint control or significant influence over the entity
(b) entities over which the entity has control, joint control or significant influence
(c) key management personnel of the entity or its parent (in the aggregate)
(d) other related parties
An entity is exempt from the disclosure requirements of the above paragraph in relation to:
a) a state (a national, regional or local government) that has control, joint control or significant
influence over the reporting entity, and
(b) another entity that is a related party because the same state has control, joint control or
significant influence over both the reporting entity and the other entity
However, the entity must still disclose a parent-subsidiary relationship
The following are examples of transactions that shall be disclosed if they are with a related
party:
a) purchases or sales of goods (finished or unfinished)
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b) purchases or sales of property and other assets
c) rendering or receiving of services
d) leases
e) transfers of research and development
f) transfers under licence agreements
g) transfers under finance arrangements (including loans and equity contributions in cash or in
kind)
h) provision of guarantees or collateral
i) settlement of liabilities on behalf of the entity or by the entity on behalf of another party
j) participation by a parent or subsidiary in a defined benefit plan that shares risks between
group entities
An entity shall not state that related party transactions were made on terms equivalent to those that
prevail in arm’s length transactions unless such terms can be substantiated
An entity may disclose items of a similar nature in the aggregate except when separate
disclosure is necessary for an understanding of the effects of related party transactions on the
financial statements of the entity
(MPERS 33.09 - 33.14)
Specialised activities Agriculture
An entity shall disclose the following with respect to its biological assets measured at fair
value:
a) a description of each class of its biological assets.
b) the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of each class of
agricultural produce at the point of harvest and each class of biological assets.
c) a reconciliation of changes in the carrying amount of biological assets between the
beginning and the end of the current period. The reconciliation shall include:
i) the gain or loss arising from changes in fair value less costs to sell
ii) increases resulting from purchases
iii) decreases resulting from harvest
iv) increases resulting from business combinations
v) net exchange differences arising on the translation of financial statements into a
different presentation currency, and on the translation of a foreign operation into the
presentation currency of the reporting entity
vi) other changes
(MPERS 34.07)
An entity shall disclose the following with respect to its biological assets measured using
the cost model:
a) a description of each class of its biological assets
(b) an explanation of why fair value cannot be measured reliably without undue cost or effort

c) the depreciation method used

d) the useful lives or the depreciation rates used
e) the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated with
accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the period
(MPERS 34.10)
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Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources
An entity shall present and disclose any impairment loss in accordance with section 27.
(MPERS 34.11C)
Service concession arrangements
The operator of a service concession arrangement shall recognise, measure and disclose revenue in
accordance with Section 23 Revenue for the services it performs.
(MPERS 34.16)
Transition to the MPERS
An entity shall explain how the transition from its previous financial reporting framework to
MPERS affected its reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
To comply with the above paragraph, an entity’s first financial statements prepared using
MPERS shall include:
a) a description of the nature of each change in accounting policy.
b) reconciliations of its equity determined in accordance with its previous financial reporting
framework to its equity determined in accordance with MPERS for both of the following dates:
i) the date of transition to MPERS, and
ii) the end of the latest period presented in the entity’s most recent annual financial statements
determined in accordance with its previous financial reporting framework.
c) a reconciliation of the profit or loss determined in accordance with its previous financial
reporting framework for the latest period in the entity’s most recent annual financial statements to
its profit or loss determined in accordance with MPERS for the same period.
If an entity did not present financial statements for previous periods, it shall disclose that fact in its
first financial statements that conform to MPERS.
(MPERS 35.12 - 35.15)

This publication has been prepared for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute accounting or other professional
advice, nor is it a substitute for reference to the source standard, interpretations and legislative requirements. Audit Online
Solution. Sdn. Bhd. accepts no responsibility for losses occasioned by any party acting or not acting as a result of this
material.

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Date: Date: