IWE4-6 Opptak Sveisedata Engelsk Ny

IWE – theory:
4. Fabrication and procedures
Chap. 4.6 Measuring , control and to log welding data
- Measuring methods
- Instruments
- Temperatures, humidity, wind(ISO13916),Cooling time (Δt8/5 etc.)
- Welding parameters (voltage, current, welding speed, gas flow etc)
- Control of heat treatment (heating rates and cooling rates)ISO/TR 17663
- Calibration of equipment’s (ISO 17662)
Ettertrykk kun etter skriftlig avtale med: Birger Sørenes/ Audun Tveit
1
1. Measuring methods
Typical measuring instrument for different parameter
Measuring of Ampere and Volt:
- It is most often used “Clamp meter” that can measure both Ampere and
Volt, these is available in different version for measurement of AC or DC
or both.
- Major equipment items. PAM Briefcase (TWI) can also calculate arc
energy and also have printer supplies that provide printing Ampere, volt,
arc welding time and energy. This equipment can and measuring welding
wire speed when MIG/MAG welding and flux cored arc welding is
performed.
Measurement of preheating temperature and interpass temperature:

- To this purpose it can be used tempilstiks or various digital temperature
measurements, equipment which have probes that must have physical
contact with the working piece in order to measure the temperature, or
digital temperature cannons that can measure the temperature on the work
piece without achieve physical contact with the working piece.
Measurement of weld length and speed:

- To perform this is needed measuring tape and stopwatch to measure weld
length per time unit that give welding speed, by using more sophisticated
equipment as PAM Briefcase will also measured welding time used.
Measurement of gas flow-rate at methods where protective gas is required:

- Simple measuring glass that one can measure the number of litres/minute
that flow out from the gas nozzle on the welding gun
Measurement of temperature cycle by Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):

- Measurement is done by temperature sensors attached to the base
material; temperature cycle is programmed into the equipment that is used
for controlling voltage incandescent cycle, it's also normal for this cycle
to be register by a printer so that one can verify that the correct
temperature and time are used.
2
How should the measuring be performed?
- Important that the measurement of ampere and volt is carried out as close
to weld as practicable because of voltage loss in the cables.
- Gas flow for the protection of welding arc and weld shall be measured at
the gas nozzle on welding gun.
- Preheating temperature shall be achieved for the whole welding groove
and about 75 mm to both sides of the welding groove and it should be
achieved on both sides of the work piece.
- Interpass temperature should be measured in welding groove at the place
where the welding of the next weld run starts, immediately before the
welding start.
3
2: Measuring instruments
AC/DC Multimeter Electronic Tester Digital Clamp
Features:
100% Brand New.
Weight: 161g
Dimension : 17.5 x 6.5 x 2.5 cm
Made by famous T&M OEM manufacture
Fashionable Design, Top Quality and Portable
Full Overload Protection
High Accurate & Superior Reliable Digital Multi-meter on the market, designed for use by
electricians, technicians, serviceman and hobbyists, etc.
Detect live wire function
3½ digits LCD with a Max. reading of 1999
Manual Ranging
Automatic Polarity Display
Automatic Over-range Indication
Automatic Low Battery Indication
Data Hold Function for easy reading
4
Sampling 2 Readings per Second

Low Power Consumption, only 2x 1.5V AAA battery need!
The item has been tested in good working condition before auction
Specifications:
Power Supply: 2 of 1.5V Size AAA battery
Low Battery Indication: Yes
Data Hold: Yes
Sampling Speed: 2 times per second
Over-load Indication:"1" is displayed
Max Display: 1999 auto polarity display
Measure Method: Double integral A/D switch implement
Operating Environment: 0°C~40°C, under <80% R.H.
Storage Environment: -10°C~50°C, under <80% R.H.
Static Electricity: approx. 4mA
Input Impedance: ≥10MΩ
DC Voltage 600V +/-1. 0%
Clamp Dimension: 25mm for open jaw, 35mm for inner diameter
Popular Version. No DC amps measurement. Batteries might be removed by custom
clearing.
5
6
3: Temperatures, Cooling time.
Measurement of the preheat temperature, the Interpass temperature and

post heating:
- Tempilstiks and different digital measuring instrument can be used to

measure the temperature; they need physical contact with the work piece. Also
temperature measuring guns can be used without achieving physical contact
with the work piece.
A Minimum of preheating temperature should be achieved before welding is

started, and is maintained during the whole welding process. After any
interruption in the work it must be established again before welding can
continue.
Temperature is usually measured on the surface facing the welder but when it is
convenient the temperature can be measured on the opposite side.
Preheating temperature is required for a distance on min. 2 x plate thickness,

but not less than 75 mm to each side of the groove. For t 50 mm and less, it can
be measured with 50 mm to each side or 4 x t which is the lesser.
Use the flame heating equipment intended for preheating with propane,
propane/oxygen or acetylene/oxygen or electric resistance element.
The maintenance of preheating temperature is the lowest temperature in the

welding zone to be maintained by interruption of the welding operation.
Interpass temperature should be measured just before the next run is added
Interpass temperature to be measured by the groove edge.
Post-heating for hydrogen release, to be carried out as describe on the WPS,

cannot be excluded but can be added.
When welding must wind and draft be limited as much as possible in particular
by gas shielded metal arc welding.
Outdoor welding area must also be covered to avoid the rain and snow.
7
4: Welding parameters (voltage, current, welding speed,

gas flow etc.)
For random sampling in the production and monitoring of WPQ:
The measurement of the Amps and Volts:

- To do this measuring is most often used to clamp meter that can measure
both the Amps and volts, these are available in different editions for the
measurement of alternating current or direct current, or both.
• The welding parameters volts, amps and speed to be checked with suitable
instrument, once each run or at least each time there is any changes. This will be
the basis for the calculation of ARC Energy (heat input).
Where shielding gases is used the correct gas pressure shall be measured before
start welding.
Preheat must be measured before the start and Interpass temperature for each
new run that is added.
• The form is being filled out as the welding operation is carried out.
5: Control of heat treatment (heating rates and cooling

rates).
Example of procedure for heat treatment (PWHT):
Post Weld Heat Treatment in oven.

To register the heat laps shall Thermo Couple (T/C) be used.
Thermo Couple (T/C) will be placed in the thickest part of the construction/pipe
to be heat treated.
T/C can be attached with a welded on lock nut or with stainless lock band.
After heat treating to the lock nut is removed gently by grinding.

If the sensors are welded fixed, they shall be removed by grinding after PWHT.
The pipes/sections should be placed min. 300 mm above the floor of the oven to
prevent local heating.
8
Local Post Weld Heat Treatment:

The weld shall be covered with sufficient number of heating elements in order to
achieve uniform distribution of the heat.
To attach the T/C on the material a special welding equipment adapted to the
purpose shall be used.
Ceramic fiber insulation is used as insulation material.
The heating temperature shall have coverage of at least 25.4 mm (1 inch) on

each side of the weld
The temperature is kept around the pipe, and the parts that are welded on the
pipe to be Post Weld Heat Treated.
The maximum heating rate
Free heating rate up to 250 ° C

For t < 25 mm.: 220 °C pr. hour.
For t > 25 mm.: 5500 / t (mm) pr. hour
Example: 5500 / 40mm = 137,5 °C pr. hour
Holding time:
Holding time shall be min. 2.5 minutes per mm wall thickness but not less than
1 hour (60 min).
Post Weld Heat Treatment temperature
For A333 Gr. 6, X52, X65, and corresponding materials:
593 °C – 620 °C
For pipes and pipe fittings in the delivery condition "quenched and tempered"
(QT), the holding temperature must be determined in each case from the
tempering temperature to the material.
9
Max cooling rate:
For t < 25 mm.: 250 °C pr. hour.

For t > 25 mm.: 6250 / t (mm) °C pr. hour
Example:
6250 / 40 mm = 156,25 °C pr. hour
Below 400 ° C can the object be cooed in room temperature (still air).
Documentation
Performed PWHT work should be verified/documented electronic by being

punched into the welding documentation system and linked to the weld number
in the "weld summary list".
Documentation form for relaxation annealing should also be filled in. Here it
should be applied to Heat Treat (HT)-nr. Project No. Welder/welders no. date
and signature.
It shall be a unique form for each HT number.
Attached to the form should also the curve for heat treatment.
The Heat Treatment curve shall be applied to the T/C-nr., weld number, chart
speed, the starting point, the maximum thickness, HT-number, signature and
date.
See also NS-EN ISO 17663 or ANSI B31.3
6: Calibration
Calibration of equipment for welding (that has instrument that can be calibrated)
and equipment for the measurement of weld parameter should be carried out on
an annual basis or when these have been in for repair.
Supplementary information can be found in:

EN ISO 17662
DNV-OS-F101

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IWE – theory:

4. Fabrication and procedures

Chap. 4.6 Measuring , control and to log welding data

Measurement of preheating temperature and interpass temperature:

Measurement of weld length and speed:

Measurement of gas flow-rate at methods where protective gas is required:

Measurement of temperature cycle by Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):

How should the measuring be performed?

AC/DC Multimeter Electronic Tester Digital Clamp

Sampling 2 Readings per Second

3: Temperatures, Cooling time.

Measurement of the preheat temperature, the Interpass temperature and

- Tempilstiks and different digital measuring instrument can be used to

A Minimum of preheating temperature should be achieved before welding is

Preheating temperature is required for a distance on min. 2 x plate thickness,

The maintenance of preheating temperature is the lowest temperature in the

Post-heating for hydrogen release, to be carried out as describe on the WPS,

4: Welding parameters (voltage, current, welding speed,

The measurement of the Amps and Volts:

5: Control of heat treatment (heating rates and cooling

Post Weld Heat Treatment in oven.

After heat treating to the lock nut is removed gently by grinding.

Local Post Weld Heat Treatment:

Ceramic fiber insulation is used as insulation material.

The heating temperature shall have coverage of at least 25.4 mm (1 inch) on

The maximum heating rate

Free heating rate up to 250 ° C

Post Weld Heat Treatment temperature

For A333 Gr. 6, X52, X65, and corresponding materials:

Max cooling rate:

For t < 25 mm.: 250 °C pr. hour.

Performed PWHT work should be verified/documented electronic by being

Supplementary information can be found in:

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