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CHAPTER 2.1 Complex Numbers

A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form a + jb, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part. Complex numbers allow multiplication, addition, subtraction and division using standard algebraic rules. The conjugate of a complex number a + jb is obtained by changing the sign of the imaginary part to a - jb. The product of a complex number and its conjugate is always a real number. Complex numbers find applications in electrical circuits where voltage and current can be represented as complex numbers.

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24 views5 pages

CHAPTER 2.1 Complex Numbers

A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form a + jb, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part. Complex numbers allow multiplication, addition, subtraction and division using standard algebraic rules. The conjugate of a complex number a + jb is obtained by changing the sign of the imaginary part to a - jb. The product of a complex number and its conjugate is always a real number. Complex numbers find applications in electrical circuits where voltage and current can be represented as complex numbers.

Uploaded by

CT Mar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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R CHAPTER 2 : COMPLEX NUMBERS

2.0 INTRODUCTION

A complex number is a number , usually denoted by z such that

This is known as the Cartesian Complex Number (Algebraic Form)

 An argand Diagram is a two dimensional picture that represents a complex


number.

2.1 OPERATION ON COMPLEX NUMBERS - ALGEBRAIC FORM

ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION


j²=-1
(6+ j 4)+(5− j 2) (20− j7)−(15+ j8) (9+ j)(6−j 4)
=6+ j 4+5−j 2 =20−j7−15−j 8 =54−j 36+ j6−j2 4
=6+5+ j 4−j 2 =20−15− j7−j 18 ¿54− j30−(−1 ) 4
=11+ j2 =5− j15 ¿54− j30+4 Must in
standard form
¿58− j30 a+j b

1
2.1.1 COMPLEX CONJUGATE

COMPLEX NUMBERS COMPLEX


CONJUGATE
( Z̄ )
z=a± jb z̄=a∓ jb
1+ j 2 1− j2
4− j3 4+ j 3
2 2
j5 − j5

2.1.2 Product of a complex number and its conjugate

( z )⋅( z )=(+ve ) number

z=2+ j3 , Calculate the value of ( z. z)


Eg: Given that

( z×z)=(2+ j 3)(2−j 3)
=4− j6+ j 6− j2 9
=4−(−1)9=13

The properties of the Complex Conjugate

(1) z1 +z 2 =z 1 +z 2
(2) z 1−z 2 =z 1−z 2
(3 ) z 1 z 2=z 1 ×z 2

()
z1 z1
(4 ) =
z2 z2

Example : Given that and . Determine

Solution:

2
OR

2.1.3 Division of Complex Numbers

4+ j5 Eg: Write
3− j2 5
Eg: Write
6+ j2
in the standard form a + j b in the standard form a + j b

4+ j5 3+ j 2 5 6− j2
= × = ×
3− j 2 3+ j 2 6 + j 2 6− j2
12+ j8+ j 15+ j 2 10 =
30− j 10
=
9−6 j+6 j− j 2 4 36− j12+ j12− j2 4
12+ j 23+(−1)10 30− j 10
¿ ¿
9−(−1)4 36−(−1 ) 2
2+ j23 30− j 10
¿ ¿
13 38
2 23 30 10
¿ +j ¿ −j
13 13 38 38
15 5
¿ −j
19 19

3
Tutorial - Complex Number

1. Given that z 1=9+ j7 and z 2=−6 − j 11. Determine:

a) Sketch the following complex numbers on an Argand diagram.


b) z2
c) z1
d) z 1+ z2
e) 7 z 2 − 10 z 1
f) z1 z2
z1
g)
z2

2. Given that z 1=9 − j7 and z 2=−2 − j1 2. Determine:

a) 3 z 1+2 z 2
b) 4 z 1 −6 z 2
c) z1 z2

3. Given that , , and .

a) Sketch the following complex numbers on an Argand diagram.

b) Determine
i)

ii)

iii)
4)

Express into Cartesian Form ( a + j b)

5)

Express in Cartesian Form ( a + j b)

4
6)

If
Express Z in (a+jb) form when V= 10 +3j , R=6 , L =8 and

7) An a.c voltage ,V = 2.6 - j6.5 volts, is applied across a circuit of impedance

Z = 48-j5 Ohms. Calculate the current i through the circuit given that .

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