Array:

//Arrays - Collection of elements of same datatypes stored in a contiguous location

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a; //single variable of int -2 bytes
//Initialize array
int a[3]; //array-10 integer variables, each 2 bytes, 20 bytes
a[0]=14; //starting index of array
a[1]=15;
a[2]=16;
//Initialize array
int b[3]={14,15,16};
//Initialize array
int c[]={14,15,16};
printf("%p %p %p",a,b,c);
return 0; //0 stands for successful termination of the program, returned to compiler
}

Name of an array is a pointer to the starting index of array

//Arrays - Collection of elements of same datatypes stored in a contiguous location

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int *p; //Pointer variable
//Initialize array
int a[3]; //array-10 integer variables, each 2 bytes, 20 bytes
a[0]=14; //starting index of array
a[1]=15;
a[2]=16;
//Initialize array
int b[3]={14,15,16};
//Initialize array
int c[]={14,15,16};
p=a;
printf("%p ",p);
p=b;
printf("%p ",p);
p=c;
printf("%p ",p);
return 0; //0 stands for successful termination of the program, returned to compiler
}
Accessing array elements and addresses:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3]={5,6,7};
int *p;
printf("a[0]=%d *(a+0)=%d &a[0]=%p a+0=%p\n",a[0],*(a+0),&a[0],a+0);
printf("a[1]=%d *(a+1)=%d &a[1]=%p a+1=%p\n",a[1],*(a+1),&a[1],a+1);
printf("a[2]=%d *(a+2)=%d &a[2]=%p a+2=%p\n",a[2],*(a+2),&a[2],a+2);
return 0;
}

Input/Output array values:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]); //a+i
printf("\nThe array entered is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]); //*(a+i)
return 0;
}

Passing an array to function

1. As pointer

#include<stdio.h>
void printarray(int *b,int size) //thus, b is a pointer taking address from a
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d ",*(b+i));
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
 printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\nThe array entered is: ");
printarray(a,n); //array name a is a pointer, holding address
//a is passed by reference, n is passed by value
return 0;
}

2. As sized array

#include<stdio.h>
void printarray(int b[10],int size) //thus, b is a pointer taking address from a
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d ",b[i]);
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\nThe array entered is: ");
printarray(a,n); //array name a is a pointer, holding address
//a is passed by reference, n is passed by value
return 0;
}

3. Unsized array:

#include<stdio.h>
void printarray(int b[],int size) //thus, b is a pointer taking address from a
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d ",b[i]);
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\nThe array entered is: ");
printarray(a,n); //array name a is a pointer, holding address
//a is passed by reference, n is passed by value
return 0;
}

Returning an array:

1. Using static

#include<stdio.h>
void printarray(int b[],int size) //thus, b is a pointer taking address from a
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d ",b[i]);
}
int* getarray(int size) //int[]=int*
{
static int b[10];
int i; //b is a local variable, destroyed when function returns
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
scanf("%d",&b[i]);
return b;
}
int main()
{
int *a,n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
a=getarray(n);
printf("\nThe array entered is: ");
printarray(a,n); //array name a is a pointer, holding address
//a is passed by reference, n is passed by value
return 0;
}
 2. By passing another array

#include<stdio.h>
void printarray(int b[10],int size) //thus, b is a pointer taking address from a
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
printf("%d ",b[i]);
}
int* getarray(int b[10],int size) //passing an array itself from main
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
scanf("%d",&b[i]);
return b;
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
int *p;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
p=getarray(a,n); //a's address is passed, and the same address is returned to p
printf("\nThe array entered is: ");
printarray(p,n);
return 0;
}

Sort an array in ascending order:

#include<stdio.h>
void swap(int *a,int *b)
{
int temp;
temp=*a;
*a=*b;
*b=temp;
}
void sortarray(int c[10],int size)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
 for(j=i+1;j<size;j++)
{
if(c[i]>c[j])
swap(&c[i],&c[j]);
}
}
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
sortarray(a,n);
printf("\nThe sorted array is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
return 0;
}

Find the largest element in array:

#include<stdio.h>
int largestinarray(int c[10],int size)
{
int max,i,j;
max=c[0];
for(i=1;i<size;i++)
{
if(max<c[i])
max=c[i];
}
return max;
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
 printf("\nThe entered array is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
printf("\nThe largest element in array is: %d",largestinarray(a,n));
return 0;
}

Sum of array elements:

#include<stdio.h>
int sumofarray(int c[10],int size)
{
int sum=0,i,j;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
sum+=c[i];
}
return sum;
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\nThe entered array is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
printf("\nThe sum of elements of array is: %d",sumofarray(a,n));
return 0;
}

Search an array for a given value:

#include<stdio.h>
int searcharray(int c[10],int size,int value)
{
int i,j,index=-1;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
if(c[i]==value)
index=i;
 }
return index;
}
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i,item,pos;
printf("Enter the no of elements of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the array, separated by a space: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("\nThe entered array is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
printf("\n\nEnter the element you're searching for: ");
scanf("%d",&item);
pos=searcharray(a,n,item);
if(pos!=-1)
printf("\nThe element %d is found at index %d",item,pos);
else
printf("\nThe element %d is not found in the array",item);
return 0;
}

2D Array:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
//rows-->[3]
//1234 -->[4]
//3465 -->[4]
//5678 -->[4]
int a[3][4],i,j,row,col;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&row);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d",&col);
printf("\nEnter the 2D array:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
 printf("\nThe entered 2D array is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Matrix Addition:

#include<stdio.h>
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],row,col;
int main()
{
int i,j;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&row);
printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
scanf("%d",&col);
printf("\nEnter the matrix A:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("\nEnter the matrix B:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
printf("\nThe sum matrix C is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
printf("%d ",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
 }
return 0;
}

Matrix Multiplication:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],rowA,colA,rowB,colB,i,j,k;
printf("Enter the number of rows of matrix A: ");
scanf("%d",&rowA);
printf("Enter the number of columns of matrix A: ");
scanf("%d",&colA);
printf("\nEnter the matrix A:\n");
for(i=0;i<rowA;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<colA;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("Enter the number of rows of matrix B: ");
scanf("%d",&rowB);
printf("Enter the number of columns of matrix B: ");
scanf("%d",&colB);
printf("\nEnter the matrix B:\n");
for(i=0;i<rowB;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<colB;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
if(colA!=rowB)
{
printf("\nCannot multiply matrices\nExiting");
return 0;
}
for(i=0;i<rowA;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<colB;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<rowB;k++)
{
c[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
 }
printf("\nThe product matrix C is:\n");
for(i=0;i<rowA;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<colB;j++)
printf("%d ",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Characters:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%c in ASCII is %d\n",'A','A');
printf("%c in ASCII is %d\n",'a','a');
printf("%c in ASCII is %d",'0','0');
return 0;
}

A in ASCII is 65
a in ASCII is 97
0 in ASCII is 48

Uppercase to lowercase:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch='A';
printf("%c in lowercase is %c",ch,ch+32);
return 0;
}

Lowercase to Uppercase:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch='a';
printf("%c in lowercase is %c",ch,ch-32);
return 0;
}

Character to Integer: (Numbers)

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch='5'; //53
printf("'%c' in integer is %d",ch,ch-48);
return 0;
}

Integer to Character: (Numbers)

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ch=5; //53
printf("%d in character is '%c'",ch,ch+48);
return 0;
}

ASCII of space:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch=' ';
printf("'%c' in ASCII is %d",ch,ch);
return 0;
}
' ' in ASCII is 32

Check if a given character is a number,uppercase,lowercase,space or special character:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch='.';
if(ch>=48&&ch<=57)
printf("'%c' is a number character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else if(ch>=65&&ch<=91)
printf("'%c' is a uppercase character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else if(ch>=97&&ch<=123)
printf("'%c' is a lowercase character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
 else if(ch==32)
printf("'%c' is a blank character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else
printf("'%c' is a special character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
return 0;
}

Using library functions: <ctype.h>

#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
int main()
{
char ch='?';
if(isdigit(ch))
printf("'%c' is a number character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else if(isupper(ch))
printf("'%c' is a uppercase character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else if(islower(ch))
printf("'%c' is a lowercase character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else if(isspace(ch)||isblank(ch))
printf("'%c' is a blank character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
else
printf("'%c' is a special character with ASCII value %d",ch,ch);
return 0;
}

Strings:

Pointer logic16:26
Pointer with array16:26
Pointer to pointer16:26
Array of pointers16:27
Function pointer16:27
Void pointer16:27
Null pointer16:27
Dangling pointer16:27
Pointer to constant16:27
Constant pointer16:27
Strings16:27
Strings and pointers16:27
Pointer arithmetic16:27
Structures16:27
Structure variables16:27
Structure pointers16:27
Unions