Literacy support worksheet

4.1 Vibrating particles pass on sound

Pages 64–65

Sound
1 How is sound created?

Created by the movement of particles in a wave-like motion.

2 On the diagram below, label the areas that represent compressions and rarefactions.

3 What would sound waves with a larger amplitude sound like? How would those with smaller amplitude
sound?

Sound waves with greater amplitude will be louder and smaller amplitude will be quieter.

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4 Explain how the following are related to frequency and wavelength

a high pitch

A high pitch equals to waves that are close to each other.

b low pitch

A low pitch is when waves are farther apart.

5 Of the following diagrams, label which would have high pitch, low pitch, high frequency and low
frequency.
a b

High pitch, closer together h Low pitch, farther apart

6 On the above diagrams, indicate where a wavelength would be, and which has a longer wavelength
and which has shorter wavelength.

7 Match the words with their definitions.

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WORD DETECTIVE
8 Crossword
Use the clues listed below to fill in the crossword puzzle.

Across Down
1 Made of air, these are pushed closer together 2 Sound travels as this type of wave
in one place and apart in another 4 The distance between the start of one
3 The number of waves that pass a point each compression wave and the next
second 6 A frequency is measured in this
5 Produced when particles are pushed closer 7 Caused by the vibration of particles in a
together wavelike motion
8 The less dense region of a sound wave 9 The distance a particle of air moves

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Literacy support worksheet
4.2 Sound can travel at different speeds
Pages 66–67

The speed of sound

1 What is the speed of sound?

How fast sound travels.

2 How does the speed of sound vary?

The more rigid or less compressible the medium, the faster the speed of sound. The greater density of a
medium, the slower the speed of sound.

3 What happens to particles at higher temperatures?

The particles move faster.

4 What does this mean for sound at higher temperatures?

They vibrate faster and since they vibrate faster the sound particles move faster.

5 What is the relationship between particles and the speed of sound?

Particles that return to their resting position faster and are ready to move again more quickly, and thus they
can vibrate at higher speeds.

6 A famous science-fiction movie had the tagline, ‘In space, no one can hear you scream’. Was this
true? Use the information in Figure 4.5 to explain why.

In space there is no air, because sound needs water or air to travel, so if you were to scream the sound
wouldn’t leave your mouth.

7 Does sound travel faster in water or air? Explain why.

Particles are closer together in water which lets sound travel more faster in water rather than air.

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8 How has sonar been used since World War I?

9 Using the information in Figure 4.6, how do you think blue whales locate each other? How is this
similar to sonar?

10 Name three ways that sonar is widely used today.

Develop nautical charts, detect depth of water, locate underwater hazards

11 Summarise the speed of sound into the following table.

CAUSES PARTICLES TO: WHICH MEANS THAT SOUND

WILL TRAVEL:
Increasing temperature Faster and more effectively
through the medium
Move faster with more energy

Making something more solid Become more closely packed and More quickly though dense
tightly connected material

WORD DETECTIVE
12 Secret message
Use words from the student book to work out the secret message below.

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Literacy support worksheet
4.3 Our ears hear sound
Pages 68–69

The structure and function of the ear

1 Label the structure of the ear.

2 State the function and structure of the three main parts of the ear:

a outer ear

Function is to collect and funnel sound waves to the ear canal.

Structure: Pinna, Ear Canal, Tympanic membrane

b middle ear

Function: amplifies sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Structure: Ossicles, Eustachian Tubes

c inner ear

Function: converting sound waves to electrical signals for the brain to interpret.
Structure: Cochlea, Semicircular canals, Vestibulocochlear nerve

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3 Match the following structure within the ear to its correct function.

4.5 Visible light is a small part of the

electromagnetic spectrum
Pages 72–73

The electromagnetic spectrum

1 What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

The range of all EM spectrums

2 How do all forms of light travel?

They all travel in waves

3 How do different types of light vary?

Each colour is a different wavelength

4 Describe the following waves:

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 a light waves

Light waves are transverse waves

b sound waves

Sound waves are longitudinal

5 Draw a light and a sound wave below to illustrate the main difference between them.

a. Light wave b. Sound wave

6 Label the wavelength (and identify it as long or short) and the amplitude of the following light waves.

a b

7 On the diagram on the previous page, identify low and high frequency and what it is measured in.

8 How fast is the speed of light?

299 792 458 m/s

9 Complete the sentence: Scientists now agree that light consists of __electromagnnetic
waves__________________________

10 List five forms of electromagnetic radiation we use in the real world and list how they are used if
possible.

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Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation

Reflection of light
1 Name and give an example of the type of object that:

a light passes through

Clear glass

b can be seen through, but not clearly

frosted glass

c reflects or blocks light

mirror

2 For the following mirror, draw the normal, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection, and label
the incident and reflected rays.

3 What do the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection have in common?

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

4 What does the law of reflection state?

It states that the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray of light and the normal line) is equal
to the angle of reflection (the angle between the reflected ray of light and the normal line) when light or
other waves are reflected from a smooth surface, like a mirror.

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Literacy support worksheet
4.7 Light refracts when moving in and out of
substances
Pages 76–77

Refraction of light
1 What is refraction?

Thee bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another.

This bending occurs because the speed of light changes when it moves from one medium to another, and
this change in speed causes the light to change its direction.

2 What happens when light strikes a transparent material?

it can undergo several different interactions. In the case of refraction, which is most common with
transparent materials, the light can pass through the material but changes direction.

3 What often happens to our view of an object when light is refracted?

our view of an object can appear distorted or shifted. This distortion is a result of the change in the direction
of light as it passes through the transparent medium.

4 What affects how much the light bends?

Angle of which the light enters, the wavelength, temperature and pressure of the medium

5 When does a light ray:

a bend closer to the normal?

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A light ray will bend closer to the normal when it enters a medium with a higher refractive index (optical
density) from a medium with a lower refractive index.

b bend away from the normal?

A light ray will bend away from the normal when it enters a medium with a lower refractive index from a
medium with a higher refractive index.

10 Draw and label a diagram to illustrate how objects look different under water.

WORD DETECTIVE
12 Labelling
On the following diagram label the normal, incident ray, the angle of incidence, the refracted ray, the
angle of refraction.

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Literacy support worksheet

4.9 The electromagnetic spectrum has many uses

Pages 80–81

Uses of the electromagnetic spectrum

1 Give an example of when total internal reflection is used.

Fiber optics

2 Draw Figure 4.27 b. on page 80 to illustrate how refraction and total internal reflection occurs.

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3 Sequence the order of events below for when light passes through a prism.

_______ Light travels from the light source through air (a less dense medium).

_______ Light travels from the air into a prism (more dense medium).

_______ Light can be refracted out of the prism into the air (less dense medium) or

_______ Light can be refracted within the prism at an angle greater than the critical angle where
it is refracted back into the prism (dense medium) one or more times.

_______ Light is then refracted back out of the prism into the air (less dense medium).

4 What happens when light rays pass into a less dense medium at a very large angle?

Light slows down and bends away from the normal. There is no refraction into the less dense medium

5 What is this phenomenon called?

Total internal reflection

6 What is the angle of incidence at which total internal reflection occurs?

I don’t know

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7 What is an optic fibre?

Thin, flexible, and transparent fibre made of glass or plastic which is used to transmit light

8 Name three advantages of optic fibres over copper wires.

Higher bandwidth, lower signal loss, immunity to electromagnetic interference

9 How big are microwaves and what are they?

Microwaves, in the context of electromagnetic waves, are a type of electromagnetic radiation with
wavelengths ranging from approximately one millimeter (1 mm) to 30 centimeters (30 cm).

10 Name four uses for microwaves.

Microwave ovens, Radar systems, wireless communication, microwave radiometry

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WORD DETECTIVE
10 Draw and explain
Draw Figure 4.27 a. on page 80 to illustrate how refraction and total internal reflection occurs. Explain
what is happening in the diagram.

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