Learning Theories

Learning
Theories
Aaron Appleby David Grimes
Instructional Designer Instructional Designer
M.S. Ed Learning Design and M. Ed Technology Education
Technology The Ohio State University
Purdue University [email protected]
[email protected]
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What are the
purposes of Learning
Theories?
1 2 3
To add reason and To understand how the To be a more effective

understanding to learning process works educator.
known or learned best in students.
practices.
Behaviorism
Behaviorism - Background
Came about through a
combination of the biology/
psychology sectors
Focused on learning in animals

and humans
Observation of learned
behaviors in animals
What is Behaviorism?
Instructor delivered content

•
Learner is passive!
•
Feedback system
•
What is Behaviorism?
Reinforcement and
•
punishment
Basis of rote learning
•
Standard format of instructor

•
lectures and student audience

Behaviorism Application
Largely still used in Pre-K

•
Still used at the higher

•
education and K-12 levels for

lectures
But, largely moving away
•
from solely behaviorism

Example of Behaviorism
Educator lectures to students

•
Students read from a textbook

•
and rote memorize definitions,

terms, and concrete ideas
Students take exams that test
•
them on terms, definitions and

concrete ideas
Group
Discussion
Share in chat some of the
advantages and disadvantages to
using elements of Behaviorism.
Constructivism
Also known as Cognitive Constructivism
Constructivism - Background
Piaget’s concepts of schemas,

•
accommodation and
assimilation
What is Constructivism?
Learning is based on past

•
experiences
These past experiences shape
•
how learners take in and

process new information
What is Constructivism?
Learning is active
•
Students construct knowledge

•
instead of just acquiring it

Educator is the facilitator
•
Intrinsic motivation
•
Process is as important as
•
product (exam)
Constructivism Application
Prevalent in common in K-12

•
Growing trend in adult

•
education
But adults can bring in more
•
pre-existing knowledge
Experiential Learning
Hands-on experience
•
Observation of and reflection on that

•
experience
Formation of concepts based upon the
•
reflection of the experience

Testing newly formed concepts
•
Repeat the process

•
Example of Constructivism
Open-ended questions
•
Group-centric work
•
Problem-solving
•
Inquiry-based learning
•
activities
Experiments
•
Group
Discussion
advantages and disadvantages to
using elements of Constructivism.
Social
Learning
Theory
Also known as Social Constructivist
Social - Background
Formed from the idea that stimulus-based
•
learning could not explain language acquisition

Studied by Albert Bandura, psychologist,
•
(among others) who determined a

comprehensive learning model was needed
Combines concepts from behaviorism and
•
constructivism and expands on them

What is Social Learning Theory?
Observation is a key aspect of the learning
•
process
The learner is an active participant within their
•
learning environment
Learning is not only behavioral, but a cognitive
•
process that takes place in a social context

If desired results occur, individuals are more
•
likely to adopt modeled behavior.

What is Social Learning Theory?
Bobo doll experiments

•
Commercials
•
Social Learning Theory Application
Learning goals are determined by the learners

•
themselves
Leads to intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation still present as well
Collaborative style learning approach

•
Learners work together
Instructor facilitates and guides group learning

Student/Teacher engagement
•
Consistent, appropriate behaviors (handling disruptions)

Examples of Social Learning Theory
Guest/Expert speakers
•
Watching demonstration of
•
professional - live or through

video
Group and exploratory
•
activities
Group
Discussion
advantages and disadvantages
to using elements of Social
Learning Theory
Summary
There is no RIGHT learning theory
Dependent on your subject, class,
situation, etc.
There are many other learning
theories that stem from these
It may be appropriate to use aspects
of many
Additional Questions?
? ? ?
?
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Learning

Software Brand and

To add reason and To understand how the To be a more effective

Focused on learning in animals

Instructor delivered content

Standard format of instructor

lectures and student audience

Largely still used in Pre-K

Still used at the higher

education and K-12 levels for

from solely behaviorism

Educator lectures to students

Students read from a textbook

and rote memorize definitions,

them on terms, definitions and

Piaget’s concepts of schemas,

Learning is based on past

how learners take in and

Students construct knowledge

instead of just acquiring it

Prevalent in common in K-12

Growing trend in adult

Observation of and reflection on that

reflection of the experience

Repeat the process

learning could not explain language acquisition

(among others) who determined a

constructivism and expands on them

process that takes place in a social context

likely to adopt modeled behavior.

Bobo doll experiments

Learning goals are determined by the learners

Collaborative style learning approach

Learners work together

Instructor facilitates and guides group learning

Consistent, appropriate behaviors (handling disruptions)

professional - live or through

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