2020 International Conference on Industry 4.

0 Technology (I4Tech)
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India. Feb 13-15, 2020

IoT Based Emergency Health Monitoring System

Amit Barua
Md. Raseduzzaman Ruman Waladur Rahman
Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Electrical & Electronic Engineering
American International University-
American International University- American International University-
Banjgladesh
Bangladesh Banjgladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
Md. Jamil Roni
Khan Roushan Jahan Md. Foyjur Rahman
Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Electrical & Electronic Engineering
American International University-
American International University- American International University-
Bangladesh
Banjgladesh Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—This paper represents the system for monitoring can operate remotely. Biological parameters of patients is
the patient’s body 24/7 by using IoT. Now a days, patient detecting by sensors. The use of sensor with Arduino, GPRS
monitoring system is getting much more popularity to the and GMS has made the patient monitoring system more
researcher and patient guardian. This system has the effective [1]
capability to monitor physiological parameters form patient
body at every 15 seconds. This system is responsible for
collecting pulse, body temperature and heart bit from the II. LITERATURE REVIEW
patient’s body and send the data into IoT Cloud platform by In this decade, IoT based system place the key role in
using WIFI-Module and health condition of patient stored in medical appliances. For that reason, many researchers are
the cloud. It enables the medical specialist or authorized trying to develop numerous IoT based medical appliances.
person to monitor patient’s health, where the medical specialist Some the researcher work is given below;
or authorized person can continuously monitor the patient’s
condition on the cloud server. The proposed outcome of this A researcher [3] implemented a patient monitor system,
research is to give suitable and effective health facilities to which aim is to gather data for clinical research and
patients. academic studies. PHS will enable faster and safer preventive
care, lower overall cost, improved patient centered practice
Keywords—IoT, Wi-Fi Module, Health Care, Medical and enhanced sustainability. In this paper [4] researchers
Services, authorized, efficient. implemented a system, which is monitoring the body
parameter such as pulse rate, ECG. ARM7LPC 2138
I. INTRODUCTION processor is used as a main interface and the data displayed
by using graphical user interface. If any of the parameter
In present day, people are suffering from various kinds of
goes to normal range then a notification sends to the mobile
disease and many health problems such as CHF (Chronic
via SMS. In this work [5], an electronic device is described
Heart Failure) is commonly seen in elderly persons. CHF is a
which monitors the elderly people’s health in their own
cause of hospital admission particularly for older adults
home with the help of wireless sensor technology.
reaching a prevalence of 1.3%, 1.5, and 8.4% in 55-64 year
Implement [6] a remote healthcare system is monitoring the
old, 64-74 year, and 75 years or older segment respectively.
patient health condition by using the medical care provider
Hospital stuffs face severe difficulty when they are faced
instrument.
with the task of taking care of multiple patients
simultaneously. Problems such as waiting in the queue,
travelling time, moving patient, waiting for doctor etc are III. METHODOLOGY
some of the issues faced by the patients [1]. During an Here, we used three sensors one is pulse rate sensor
emergency, the situation might get worse. Monitoring the another one is body temperature sensor (LM35) and last one
critical patient 24/7 is very important for reducing life is Heartbeat sensor (ECG). These sensors signal are send to
threating risk. Wireless application put the great impact in microcontroller. Arduino Mega is the main infrastructure,
the health care services. It also reduces operating costs of the which was connected by Wi-Fi module.
hospital. In medical science wireless application has several
number of advantages such as, ease of use, reduced risk of A. System architecture
infection and enhanced mobility [2]. With the help of
wireless system, it is very easy to monitor several patients In this article, we describe about sensors which are
simultaneously. In this paper, an IOT based health essential, easy to use and has proper effectiveness. Here we
monitoring system has been proposed which is able to considered three fundamental sensors, three for monitoring
perform different types of functions within limits of specified the vital signs of pulse, ECG sensor, and body temperature,
time, accuracy and cost. This IoT base system is cheap and all are recorded in a hospital environment.

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 D. Cost analysis

TABLE I. COST ANALYSIS

Fig. 1. Block diagram of proposed model.

B. Software Architecture
Software execution is one of the major part of this IV. RESULT ANALYSIS
project, which is working as a brain of health monitoring
system and maintain the user’s flexibility. Microcontroller is A. Analysis of PPG Signal from Heart Pulse Sensor
the main infrastructure, where we put the data and got The Pulse sensor takes reading from the blood capillaries
accordingly to the sensor value. The data is exerted by through the principle of Photo Plethysmography. From the
Arduino and sent to the Thingspeak online software. The PPG signal obtained, with corresponding coding algorithms,
cloud storage is well developed server site which is very the heart rate of the person was defined along with the Inter-
useful to store the real time data. Using the proper user ID, Beat Interval. The following figure is an extraction of a PPG
password and write API key the website takes the signal that was obtained from a person during the process of
information and shows it to different fields of particular validation. Following that, to get a graphical user interface of
channel. This database is password protected, which is only the serial plot along with the values of Heart Rate in BPM
give the authorized entry and secure the personal information and Inter-Beat Interval, the Processing Visualize was used in
of patient. The following step of the figure was taking for order to do so.
software development.

Fig. 4. PPG signal displayed in Arduino IDE serial plotter

In this figure, we obtained 121BPM heart rate from the

patient, who was monitored and IBI of 1826ms. We
collected the data from two mode of patient, one of the
modes was relaxing mode and another one was excited
mode. We got 80-90 BPM at the relaxing mode position and
above 120BPM had found at exciting mode, which was
consisting of anxiety, stress. So, the final value we get from
Fig. 2. Software architecture of remote health monitoring system the Pulse Sensor is shown below.

C. Hardware Implementation

Fig. 5. BPM signal displayed in Arduino IDE serial plotter

Fig. 3. Hardware setup

B. Analysis of Body Temperature
The body temperature is one of the most vital parameters
of a person’s health. Any fluctuations in the boy temperature

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affects the functionality of the blood circulation hence the was monitored during resting and after having exercise. The
heart rate. The blood circulates through the body faster when left side picture represents while the patient was resting and
the temperature rises to bring the temperature back to its pulse rate looks quite normal condition. During resting time,
optimum value. the pulse rate was like around 65-75 BPM. The right-side
picture shows the health condition after having an exercise
and pulse rate was fluctuated between 105-125 BPM.

Fig. 6. Readings from body temperature sensor

The above figure shows a pattern of body temperature

fluctuations while a patient was monitored. The Fig. 8. Pulse monitoring during resting (A) & after exercise (B)
representation of an increase in temperature of the body
when the patient was physically stressed, the temperature of The Figure 9 shows a pattern of the patient’s body
the surroundings is also a factor. When the patient stopped temperature at resting mood and after exercise. The left side
the physical activity and came to rest, the body temperature picture represents while the patient was resting and body
started to drop to its optimum value. So, it can be established temperature was around 31 degree Celsius. From the figure it
that a significant increase in activity of the patient of due to can be easily observed that the temperature rises about 5
other physical reasons or environmental reasons, the degree after having exercise.
temperature of the body fluctuates accordingly and causes
the heart to pump faster or slower for changing the blood
circulation to bring back the temperature to its optimum
value.

C. Real life outcome of this device

After connecting all the sensors to a patient, we run the
module. To measure the values of Heart rate, Body
temperature and ECG we ensure that all the sensor were
connected properly. The sensors were very much sensitive so
sometimes it is difficult to obtain actual standard value.
Following that, the extracted values of each of the sensors
were stored in the cloud storage which was later accessed by
ThingSpeak cloud server.

Fig. 9. Body temperature monitoring during resting

The Figure 10 shows a pattern of a patient’s health

fluctuations while a patient was monitored during resting and
after having exercise. The left side picture represents while
the patient was resting and ECG rate looks quite normal
condition. During resting time, the ECG rate was observed
around 65-73 BPM. The right side picture shows the health
condition after having an exercise and ECG rate was
fluctuated between 98-120 BPM.

Fig. 7. Monitoring health condition in thingsperk

Now for analyzing we had taken the data at two different

conditions. In the figure 7 shows a pattern of the patient’s
health fluctuations while the patient was monitored during
resting and after having exercise. The left side picture
represents while the patient was resting and pulse rate looks
quite normal condition. During resting time, the pulse rate
was like around 65-75 BPM. The right-side picture shows
the health condition after having an exercise and pulse rate
Fig. 10. ECG monitoring during resting (A) & after exercise (B)
was fluctuated between 105-125 BPM. The Figure 8 shows a
pattern of the patient’s health fluctuations while the patient

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D. Comparison Table VIII. CONCLUSION
Here, comparison of the device is shown with In this paper, our main concern was ensuring the
pathological value. The percentage of error is also calculated. uninterrupted health monitoring system for the patients. This
project was proposed prototype model. Our main gold was to
TABLE II. HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM REPORT focus on monitoring patient health monitoring with wireless
body area network. By using the system, the professional can
Parameter Proposed Pathological % of Error monitor, advice and diagnose their patient and family
system value
member before arriving to the emergency. The data are
ECG Hr 67 65 3.07
63 65 3.071.29 stored and published online. Hence, the professional and
76 77 family member can monitor their patient from a remote
Blood pressure 124/86 122/85 1.60/1.17 location at any time. Android application is used for
117/80 117/91 0.00/1.23 monetizing the patient. Before beginning of the project,
129/92 127/93 1.57/1.07 every sensor was calibrated individually. Each of the signal
Body Temperature 96.7 99.2 2.52 analysed by taking different data. All the observed signal
99.8 100.2 0.39
100.1 100.9 0.79 was matched by experimental signal. The final results were
transferred to the cloud through Arduino, and the users got
V. NOVELTY OF THE WORK the output from the system through a message. We can use
this system in real life and people will be benefited. This
In order to reduces the human casualty, the health risk,
system is user-friendly and cost effective.
hospital visits for primary health issues and provide comfort
ability for patients by reducing the stress of going to doctors,
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