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    Introduction To Electrolysis

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    rheanna0076
    This document provides information on electrical conduction and electrolysis. It defines conductors and non-conductors, and distinguishes between metallic and electrolytic conduction. Metallic conduction involves the flow of delocalized electrons in metals, while electrolytic conduction involves the flow of ions in molten or dissolved ionic compounds. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate. Electrolysis is the decomposition of compounds using an electric current, involving oxidation and reduction at the electrodes. The document also outlines learning objectives and assignments related to the topics covered.

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    Introduction To Electrolysis

    Uploaded by

    rheanna0076
    12 views20 pages
    This document provides information on electrical conduction and electrolysis. It defines conductors and non-conductors, and distinguishes between metallic and electrolytic conduction. Metallic conduction involves the flow of delocalized electrons in metals, while electrolytic conduction involves the flow of ions in molten or dissolved ionic compounds. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate. Electrolysis is the decomposition of compounds using an electric current, involving oxidation and reduction at the electrodes. The document also outlines learning objectives and assignments related to the topics covered.

    Original Title

    Introduction to Electrolysis (2)

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    This document provides information on electrical conduction and electrolysis. It defines conductors and non-conductors, and distinguishes between metallic and electrolytic conduction. Metallic conduction involves the flow of delocalized electrons in metals, while electrolytic conduction involves the flow of ions in molten or dissolved ionic compounds. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate. Electrolysis is the decomposition of compounds using an electric current, involving oxidation and reduction at the electrodes. The document also outlines learning objectives and assignments related to the topics covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views20 pages

    Introduction To Electrolysis

    Uploaded by

    rheanna0076
    This document provides information on electrical conduction and electrolysis. It defines conductors and non-conductors, and distinguishes between metallic and electrolytic conduction. Metallic conduction involves the flow of delocalized electrons in metals, while electrolytic conduction involves the flow of ions in molten or dissolved ionic compounds. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate. Electrolysis is the decomposition of compounds using an electric current, involving oxidation and reduction at the electrodes. The document also outlines learning objectives and assignments related to the topics covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Objectives

    • Explain using examples what conductors and non-conductors of electricity are.


    • Distinguish between metallic and electrolytic conduction.
    • Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes using examples.
    • Define the terms electrolysis, cathode, anode, cation, and anion.
    • Explain how the charge on each electrode is determined.
    • Identify ions present in aqueous, molten and dilute electrolytes.
    Conductors vs. Non-conductors
    • Conductors allow the passage of electricity. Example:
    ✓Metals – Copper, Cu
    ✓Ionic solutions – Sodium chloride, NaCl
    ✓Polar covalent substances – Hydrochloric acid, HCl
    • Non-Conductors or insulators do not allow the passage of electricity.
    Example:
    ✓Solid Sodium Chloride

    Based on the medium through which electricity is conducted, electrical


    conduction can be categorized as being either metallic or electrolytic.
    Metallic Conduction
    • In a metal the valence electrons of
    the atom are delocalized. These
    delocalized electrons, known as
    mobile electrons can move
    throughout the metal. Metals are
    able to conduct an electric current
    because these mobile electrons can
    move throughout the metal.
    Metallic Conduction
    Electrolytic Conduction
    • Ionic substances consist of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic force.
    • In the solid the ions are rigidly held together.
    • When the substances are dissolved or molten the ions become free to move randomly
    about; but if attached to a power source, they will move in one direction thereby
    producing an electric current.

    • This only occurs when substances are in the liquid or molten state.
    Metallic vs. Electrolytic
    Conduction
    Metallic Conduction Electrolytic Conduction
    •Conduction is due to the flow of electrons •Conduction is due to the flow of ions

    •Flow of electricity takes place without the •Flow of electricity takes place with the
    decomposition of the substance decomposition of the substance

    •Conductivity decreases as temperature •Conductivity increases as temperature


    increases increases
    •Only physical changes take place •Physical and chemical changes take place

    •Examples of metallic conductors are •Examples of electrolytic conductors are


    metals and graphite. solutions of acids, bases and salts, and
    fused or molten salts.
    Can liquids be conductors too?
    When ionic compounds melt or
    dissolve in water, the liquid or solution
    created contains ions and is known as
    an electrolyte. Electrolytes are
    conductors.
    What is an electrolyte?
    • An electrolyte is a molten ionic compound or solution containing ions
    that conducts electricity.
    • Electrolytes can be described as being either strong or weak.
    • The strength of an electrolyte is based on how easily it dissociates
    which determines the concentration (amount of ions) that will be
    generated.
    • Electrolytes that completely dissociate generate more ions.
    • The more ions an electrolyte possesses the stronger its conductivity
    will be.
    Strong Electrolytes
    • Strong electrolytes have a high concentration of ions in them.
    • Examples are:
    • Molten ionic compounds eg. molten lead bromide, PbBr2
    • Aqueous solutions of ionic compounds (soluble salts) e.g. sodium chloride, NaCl
    (aq), copper sulphate, CuSO4 (aq)
    • Strong acids (acids that are completely ionized in aqueous solution ) , eg. sulfuric
    acid, H2SO4 hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq)
    • Strong alkalis (alkalis that are completely ionised in aqueous solution ) sodium
    hydroxide, NaOH(aq).
    Weak Electrolytes
    • Weak electrolytes have a low concentration of ions in them.
    • Examples are:
    • Weak acids (acids that are partially ionized in aqueous solution ) , eg. ethanoic
    acid, CH3COOH(aq) methanoic acid, HCOOH (aq)
    • Weak alkalis (alkalis that are partially ionised in aqueous solution ) aqueous
    ammonia, NH3(aq).
    Non-Electrolytes
    • This is a substance which remains as molecules when in the liquid
    state or dissolved in water. The liquid or solution does not contain any
    ions.
    • Non-electrolytes are non-conductors. Examples: kerosene, gasoline,
    ethanol and glucose.
    Types of Electrolytes
    Conductivity of Different Types of
    Electrolytes
    Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes
    The Electrolytic Cell
    GRADED HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
    1. Draw an annotated diagram of the electrolytic cell. (15 marks)
    2. Explain what is used to determine the position in which ions are
    placed in the electrochemical series for cations and anions. 5 (marks)

    To be submitted in the first class of week 2.


    What is Electrolysis?
    • This is the break down of a compound by the passage of an electric current
    through it.
    • An electric current flows when there is a direct flow of charged particles
    (mobile electrons/ions).
    • The electrons or ions have to flow in one direction for current to be
    generated.
    The Nature of Electrodes:
    Active and Inert
    • Electrodes which do not participate in electrolysis are referred to as
    inert electrodes whereas electrodes which do participate in
    electrolysis are termed active electrodes. Graphite, platinum and
    carbon are examples of inert electrodes.
    • If the electrode is made of an element which appears in the
    electrolyte, then the electrode will take part in the electrolytic
    process causing the products to be different. Examples of such
    electrodes are Copper, Nickel and Silver.
    Graded Class Work Assignment
    Your first graded class work will be a group presentation on the applications of
    electrolysis. The names of the members in each group should be submitted by
    Friday September 15, 2023.
    Topics:
    • Electroplating
    • Anodising
    • Metal extraction
    • Metal purification

    ALL GROUPS WILL PRESENT IN THEIR


    FIRST DOUBLE SESSION IN WEEK THREE.
    Graded Class Work Assignment Rubric

    Introduction (5 marks)
    • Topic clearly stated and explained – 3 marks
    • Objectives given – 2 marks
    Content (10 marks)
    • Aligned to objectives- 3 marks
    • Accuracy – 5 marks
    • Use of adequate examples – 2 marks
    Organization (5 marks)
    • Use of audio, pictures, and /or relevant annotated / labeled diagrams related to topic – 3 marks
    • Information is conveyed in a structured manner showing preparedness of group and its members - 2 marks
    Creativity (2 marks)
    • Information is conveyed in a captivating and creative form – 2 marks
    References (3 marks)
    • Use of at least 3 sources cited in APA format 7th edition

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