Scribd
Upload
24 views5 pages

HW1 Solution

The document is a homework assignment from a Reinforced Concrete Design course containing 3 problems. Problem 1 involves plotting stress-strain curves for different concrete strengths and calculating modulus of elasticity. Problem 2 asks to determine the maximum length of a cantilever beam under a uniform load and self-weight. Problem 3 provides 39 true/false questions about a paper on sustainability of concrete construction.

Uploaded by

Alwalid Baghdadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views5 pages

HW1 Solution

The document is a homework assignment from a Reinforced Concrete Design course containing 3 problems. Problem 1 involves plotting stress-strain curves for different concrete strengths and calculating modulus of elasticity. Problem 2 asks to determine the maximum length of a cantilever beam under a uniform load and self-weight. Problem 3 provides 39 true/false questions about a paper on sustainability of concrete construction.

Uploaded by

Alwalid Baghdadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF SHARJAH

Civil Engineering Department


CVE 313: Reinforced Concrete Design
Prof. Tabsh HW#1
Problem 1:
The stress-strain relationship of normal strength concrete can be approximated by Popovic’s
model (1971), as shown below:

f’c
Stress, fc

where
n = 0.058f’c + 1
2f’c
and co =
12500 + 450f’c
co
Strain, c
where f’c is in MPa.
(a) Plot on the same graph (up to c=0.005), the stress-strain curves of two different types
of concrete, one with compressive strength f’c = 25MPa and another with f’c = 50 MPa.
(b) What is the modulus of elasticity of each concrete based on the secant method? and also
based on the ACI equation? Assume the mass density of concrete is 2250 kg/m3.

Problem 2:
A plain concrete cantilever beam with rectangular cross section having a width equal to 150
mm and depth 200 mm is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN/m together with
its self-weight, as shown below. Determine the maximum length of the beam, L, such that
the beam will support the load just before it cracks due to tension caused by flexure. Assume
that the compressive strength of the concrete is f’c = 40 MPa (normal weight, =23 kN/m3).
5 kN/m + self‐weight
150mm

200mm

L Cross‐section

Problem 3:
Read the paper on sustainability, located in the “Content” folder in ilearn and answer the 39
questions on the next page:

• Tarun R. Naik. “Sustainability of Concrete Construction” Practice Periodical on


Structural Design and Construction, ASCE, Vol. 13, No. 2, May, 2008, p. 98-103.
by trial-and-error
Problem#3:
1. According to the World Commission on Environment and Development of the United
Nations, sustainability means “Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.”
2. The world’s most consumed man-made material is Concrete.
3. In 2002, in the United States alone, concrete construction accounted for 2 million
jobs.
4. In 2002, about 2.7 billion m3 of concrete were produced worldwide.
5. Employment in the concrete industry include batch plant operators, truck drivers,
ironworkers, laborers, carpenters, finishers, equipment operators, and testing
technicians, as well as professional engineers, architects, surveyors and inspectors.
6. The process of using limestone to manufacture Portland cement consists of:
limestone → crusher → grinder → raw meal (containing other ingredients) → kiln →
clinker + additives → grinder → cement
7. In addition to using limestone to make cement, limestone is also used as aggregate
in concrete.
8. A sustainable concrete structure is one that is constructed so that the total societal
impact during its entire life cycle is minimal.
9. Designing with sustainability in mind includes accounting for the short-term and
long-term consequences of the structure
10. To decrease the long-term impact of structures, the creation of durable structures is
paramount.
11. To build in a sustainable manner means to focus attention on the effects on human
health, energy conservation, and physical, environmental, and technological
resources for new and existing buildings.
12. An integrated sustainable design process can reduce project costs and operating
costs of the building or the infrastructure construction.
13. The most significant challenges that are associated with Portland cement production
are energy and resource conservation, the cost of producing Portland cement, and
GHG emissions.
14. For each metric ton of Portland cement clinker, between 1.5 Kg and 10 kg of
Nitrogen Oxide is released into the atmosphere.
15. The use of blended cements and organic chemical admixtures must be significantly
increased for sustainability of the cement and concrete industries.
16. An example of industrial by-product that can be used to replace some of the cement
in concrete is fly ash.
17. Example of the advantage of sustainable concrete in highway pavements is one that
reduces the fuel needed for heavily loaded trucks.
18. In 2004, it is estimated that about 28 billion tons of CO2 were emitted worldwide.
19. In 2004, cement production contributed about 7% of worldwide Green House Gases.
20. High performance concrete can lead to reduction cross sections and the volume of
concrete produced.
21. High performance concrete can lead to increase the durability of concrete structures,
resulting in minimizing the maintenance needs of the concrete construction and
limiting the amount of nonrenewable special repair materials that would be used in
maintenance.
22. Concrete producers are creating sustainable solutions for agriculture by using an
integrated waste management solutions that convert manure into biogas, nutrient
rich fertilizer, and reusable water.
23. Examples of foundry by-products include foundry sand and slag.
24. According to Construction and Demolition Debris, the United States produced 140
million tons of construction and demolition debris in 2002.
25. The most energy-intensive stage of Portland cement production is during clinker
production.
26. Kiln systems evaporate inherent water from the raw meal and calcine the carbonate
constituents during clinker pre-processing.
27. Blended cements are made when various amounts of clinker are blended or inter-
ground with one or more additives, including fly ash, natural pozzolans, slag, and
silica fume.
28. Blended cements allow for a reduction in the energy used and reduce greenhouse
gases emissions.
29. For each metric ton of Portland cement, about 5-1/2 million BTU of energy are
needed.
30. Dry process cement plants use preheaters, which increase the alkali content of
cement.
31. For each million metric ton of capacity, a new Portland cement plant costs more than
225 million US Dollars.
32. To produce 1 ton of Portland cement, 1.6 tons of raw materials are needed.
33. A replacement of 50% of cement worldwide by other cementitious materials would
reduce CO2 emissions by more than 1 billion tons.
34. Fly ash production in the United States in 2005 was estimated at 64 million tons by
the American Coal Ash Association.
35. In 1991, the city of Hannover, Germany asked William McDonough and Michael
Braungart to create sustainability principles to guide the large-scale development of
EXPO 2000 in Hannover.
36. According to the Hanover Principles regarding materials, it recommended to use
indigenous materials.
37. According to the Hanover Principles regarding energy, it recommended to use solar
energy, wind energy and recycle waste energy.
38. According to the Hanover Principles regarding nature, it recommended to create
silence.
39. Resources are extracted from the earth at a rate of 20% more than the earth
produces.

You might also like