December 2023

2.0
The Global Standard for Green Hydrogen
and Green Hydrogen Derivatives
Green Hydrogen Organisation (GH2)

The Green Hydrogen Organisation (GH2) is a not profit foundation

under Swiss law. In addition to its office in Geneva it is present in
London, Oslo, Perth, and Sydney.
Foreword
The mission of GH2 is to dramatically accelerate the production and We are delighted to launch the Green Hydrogen Standard 2.0.
utilisation of green hydrogen across a range of sectors globally. It will
push to rapidly decarbonise industries like steel, cement, fertilisers, The Green Hydrogen Standard provides certainty and transparency to investors and
shipping and aviation that have so far made limited progress reducing other stakeholders that green hydrogen is exactly that: hydrogen made with renewable
their emissions. electricity which conforms to the highest standards on emissions, ESG and the sustainable
development goals.
A global standard that defines green hydrogen is essential to promote
confidence, raise and leverage investment, facilitate trade and unlock Drawing on the experience from testing and piloting the Standard since it was first launched
green hydrogen’s vast potential. in May 2022, this second edition includes some important refinements.
Additional information regarding GH2 is available via www.gh2.org. The Standard can now be applied to green hydrogen, green ammonia, green methanol, and
The latest updates on the Green Hydrogen Standard are available via synthetic methane production. This is important because many of the largest projects plan to
www.greenhydrogenstandard.org. produce green hydrogen derivatives that are more efficient to produce and easier to transport.

The Standard now addresses the use of biomass in renewable electricity production and in the
production of green hydrogen derivatives, including safeguards that address impacts on the
environment and food security.

The Standard is one of the first to require that hydrogen emissions are minimised and reported.
This is important because hydrogen emissions can have a significant indirect impact on other
greenhouse gases.

Finally, the Standard can now be used to “prequalify” early-stage green hydrogen projects. This is
crucial, as our industry is still in its infancy. Prequalification helps to improve project design from
an early stage and helps propel high quality projects towards final investment decision.

We greatly appreciate the work undertaken by the Standard Committee in overseeing and
further developing the Standard. Many companies, research institutions, campaigning
organisations and others have delved into the detail, scrutinised different pathways and
contributed to the many working groups and to the work of the Committee. Above all, they have
been prepared to compromise and land on genuine multistakeholder solutions, as reflected in
the Standard. I cannot acknowledge them all here but you will find them listed in the next section.
The Green Hydrogen Standard 2.0
The central importance of green hydrogen in the transition to net zero is clearer than ever.
The Green Hydrogen Organisation The Green Hydrogen Organisation is working to dramatically accelerate the uptake of green
Version 2.0 December 2023 hydrogen to rapidly phase out fossil fuels in industries like steel, cement, power, fertilizers,
shipping and aviation.
This publication may be reproduced free of charge in any format
or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not We have stopped debating whether green hydrogen is a solution. The question is how quickly
used in a misleading context. we can make it happen.

The material must be acknowledged as the Green Hydrogen Today we use nearly 100 million tonnes of hydrogen as a feedstock for chemicals and fertiliser
Organisation copyright with the title and source of the production worldwide1. The problem is that this so-called black and grey hydrogen is produced
publication specified. from fossil fuels, with more than ten kilos of CO2 emissions for each kilo of hydrogen. Around
a billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions each year are associated with this hydrogen
Copyright in the typographical arrangement and design rests
production, equivalent to approximately 2% of global emissions2. With demand for hydrogen set
with the Green Hydrogen Organisation.
to grow up to six-fold in the decades ahead, it is obvious that the production of unabated black
For more information, please contact and grey hydrogen must end.
Sam Bartlett ([email protected]).
The good news is that it is possible to produce hydrogen using little or no emissions.
The bad news is that the vague concept of “clean” or “low carbon” hydrogen has become
ubiquitous; a subtext for promoting fossil-fuel derived hydrogen with emissions which are
still too high for our planet to cope with.
Contents
We support the efforts underway to develop a rigorous global standard for measuring Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
greenhouse gas emissions and the mutual recognition of standards and certification
schemes that adhere to these methods. However, we must define which hydrogen 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
production pathways and projects are 1.5 degree aligned. Too many governments, industries
and development organisations are avoiding this issue. Standards without thresholds 2. The GH2 Green Hydrogen Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
legitimize hydrogen production pathways and projects that are not sustainable. Requirement 1 - Project overview and outlook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
It is essential that we reach agreement on global standards that define green hydrogen. Requirement 2 - Stakeholder engagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Everyone needs to know that “green” hydrogen means hydrogen produced with near zero
associated greenhouse gas emissions. A standard is needed to build trust and confidence Requirement 3 - Project location and design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
between investors, producers, customers and consumers. Requirement 4 - Social impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
We also need a social license to operate from the communities that will host renewable Requirement 5 - Environmental impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
electricity and green hydrogen production. There are clear risks that, if not managed to
a high standard, the green hydrogen revolution will stall. The Standard requires that the Requirement 6 - Health and Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
environmental, social and governance aspects of green hydrogen production are addressed. Requirement 7 - Government, transparency and accountability. . . . . 18
The utilisation of water is rightly attracting more attention, and our Standard is leading the
way in establishing global best practice. 3. Project Accreditation and Product Certification . . . . . . . . . . 19
The Standard also requires that the development opportunities and impacts of green 4. GH2 Policy Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
hydrogen production and use are considered. These are vital considerations for investors,
customers, consumers and the communities that host green hydrogen projects. 5. Protocol on Green Ammonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Compliance with the Green Hydrogen Standard helps developers build confidence that their 6. Protocol on Green Methanol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
projects have been designed in compliance with national and regional schemes such as
the EU’s Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO) requirements under the
7. Protocol on Synthetic Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Renewable Energy Directive and forthcoming tax credit provisions under the US Inflation
Reduction Act 2022.

GH2 is committed to championing global best practice and revising its approach to
standards and certification as the green hydrogen industry develops. The GH2 Board,
taking advice from the Standard Committee, will continue to review the Standard on
an annual basis. The expectation is that the boundaries of the emissions assessment
framework will be widened to cover a full life cycle assessment, and that the emissions
thresholds will be lowered in accordance with emerging best practice.

GH2 was established to build the energy systems of the future. Green hydrogen is a vastly
superior technology to fossil fuels and will inevitably replace them. The only question is
when, and we are running out of time. If you are committed to the energy transition, reach
out to us here at GH2. We have a planet to save and no time to waste.

Malcolm Turnbull
Chairman of the Green Hydrogen Organisation
Acknowledgments 1. Introduction
The Green Hydrogen Standard was proposed in 2021. GH2 subsequently formed a Technical Green hydrogen producers are invited to submit their projects for accreditation
Committee to advise the GH2 Board on the design of the Standard. When the Standard was and certification by the Green Hydrogen Organisation (GH2). Green Hydrogen
adopted and launched in May 2022, the GH2 Board agreed to formalize this consultative projects that meet the Green Hydrogen Standard (as set out below) will be
process by establishing a Green Hydrogen Standard Committee. The Committee now advises
the GH2 Board on the implementation and elaboration of the Green Hydrogen Standard.
licensed by GH2’s accreditation and certification body to use the label “GH2
GH2 would like to thank the following Committee members for their expert advice and input: Green Hydrogen” and will be eligible to obtain and trade GH2 certificates of origin.

y Ahmed Hafez, Ministry of Electricity and y Matthew Tinari, EverWind Fuels The Green Hydrogen Standard (hereafter “the Standard”) establishes a global definition of green
Renewable Energy, Egypt y Matthias Deutsch, Agora Energiewende hydrogen. Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced through the electrolysis of water with 100%
y Alain Kilajian, Hydropower Sustainability y Mohamed Hafez, Egyptian Electricity or near 100%3 renewable energy with close to zero greenhouse gas emissions.4 It requires that
Alliance Holding Company. the environmental, social and governance consequences of green hydrogen production are
y Anna Freeman, Clean Energy Council y Paul Gleeson, Aurecon thoroughly evaluated. It also requires that the development opportunities and impacts of green
Australia y Paul Wambugu, KenGen, Kenya hydrogen production and use are fully considered.
y Anuraag Nallapaneni, WRI India y Prof. Liu Yunhui, Tsinghua University
The Standard is based on a project-level certification and accreditation. Chapter 2 outlines
y Claire Behar, Hy Stor y Rachel Fakhry, Natural Resources Defense
seven general and seven detailed requirements that projects must satisfy.
y Ernst Müller, Herbert Smith Freehills South Council
Africa LLP y Rajan Varshney, NTPC
y Erwin Cornelis, ECOS y Ricardo Gedra, Câmara de Comercialização
Green Hydrogen
y Gagan Reddy, ProClime de Energia Elétrica step The project developer ensures compliance with the
Project
y Geert Decock, Transport & Environment y Sachin Kulshreshtha, Avina clean energy 1 GH2 Standard.​
Development
y Hammad Masood, ACWA Power y Scott Hamilton, Hydrogen Australia
y Heino von Meyer, PtX Hub y Someshwer Dutt Sharma, Avaada Group
y Hemant Mallya, Council on Energy, y Sonja Butzengeiger-Geyer, Perspectives
Environment and Water, India Climate Group GmbH step Independent The project developer engages an Independent
y Ilka-Rose Mitchell, Fortescue Future y Subhash Kumar, ACME 2 Assurance Assurance Provider.
Industries y Tim Hard, Argus Media
y Johanna Friese, TES y Ulrike Hinz, WWF, Germany
y Mahandra Rooplall, Industrial Development The Independent Assurance Provider consults
step Consultation and
Corporation stakeholders and prepares an assessment. A draft
3 public comment
report is made available for public comment. ​
We are also indebted to the many technical experts that have participated in working
group meetings. The final report is submitted to GH2’s Accreditation
Green Hydrogen Body. ​
Stakeholders wishing to join the Committee are invited to contact GH2 via: step
Project Projects that meet the Standard are licensed to use
[email protected]. 4
Accreditation the label “GH2 Green Hydrogen” and will be eligible to
obtain and trade GH2 certificates of origin. ​

Version History step

5
Green Hydrogen
Production
The GH2 Registry issues, tracks and cancels GH2
Green Hydrogen Guarantee of Origin certificates.​
Certification
The first edition (version 1.0) of the Green Hydrogen Standard was published in May 2022.
An updated version (1.1) was published in January 2023, including the Green Ammonia
Protocol. The second version (2.0) was published in November 2023, including the Green Accreditation is reviewed annually. The Accreditation
Methanol and Synthetic Methane Protocol. step Review and
body undertakes spot checks and may recommend
6 Renewal
refinements to the Standard.​

4 5
The Green Hydrogen Standard provides a clear global minimum standard, while also retaining GH2 notes that some countries have determined that there is a role for nuclear energy to
the flexibility to accommodate local challenges and opportunities. The Standard places the accelerate the shift from more polluting activities, such as coal generation. However, nuclear
onus on green hydrogen producers to demonstrate that they are addressing the environmental, power raises some specific environmental and safety related issues, which this Standard is not
social and governance performance of their projects in accordance with national laws and designed to address. Similarly, there are sustainability issues related to biomass and waste to
regulation and global best practice. The Standard seeks to ensure consistency and credibility, energy which this Standard is not designed to address. GH2 welcomes if the Green Hydrogen
while also maintaining country ownership. Standard inspires further rules and standards also for nuclear and other forms of energy
production with close to zero emissions.
GH2 embraces the principle and practice of accountability by government and industry to all
citizens for the stewardship of natural resources. Certification and accreditation by GH2 require In exceptional circumstances, and in consultation with stakeholders, GH2 will consider
that green hydrogen projects are subject to a credible, independent assessment, applying opportunities to engage with project operators that are planning to produce hydrogen with other
international assurance standards. The procedures emphasise openness and stakeholder renewable non-fossil sources, but only where these projects meet the same emissions and
consultation. Proactively engaging and building trust with key communities and stakeholders sustainability standards.
will also be its own reward outside of certification as it will build social licence to operate and Accelerating the production and utilisation of green hydrogen requires and supports a large
improve the positive impacts of the investment and help mitigate any externalities. increase in the production and utilisation of renewable energy. In order to be accredited and
certified, the Standard requires that green hydrogen project operators prepare an evaluation of
1.1 Rigorous accounting of greenhouse gas emissions – guaranteeing close the project’s utilisation of electricity and the impact on the energy market. The project operator
must demonstrate that it has identified and implemented technically feasible and cost-effective
to zero emissions measures that support energy efficiency or other decarbonisation options, addressing any
The Green Hydrogen Standard sets a maximum threshold for greenhouse gas emissions of impacts vis-à-vis access to affordable and reliable energy. The expectation is that green
1kg CO2e per kg H2 (see Requirement 5E, below). GH2 has worked with stakeholders to hydrogen projects contribute to the build-out of new renewable energy capacity and avoid
develop an emission measurement methodology that builds on international best practice and leading to increased use of fossil-generated electricity elsewhere
that enables comparisons with other hydrogen production pathways. GH2 also reviewed the in the energy system.
academic literature and consulted green hydrogen producers on an appropriate threshold.5
The wider social and environmental impacts associated with additional renewable capacity
The GH2 Standard is rigorous, yet practical, with emission accounting procedures and
need to be considered. Green hydrogen production facilities also need to be developed and
thresholds that can be applied consistently to grid and off grid production.
operated responsibly and sustainably. Key questions include: Are the social and environmental
The boundaries of the carbon accounting system and the thresholds at which hydrogen is impacts of new projects fully considered? Does the project comply with international human
considered “green” need to be clearly defined and trusted as credible by all stakeholders. With rights standards and are human rights promoted where the energy is produced? Has a good
some modifications, GH2 applies the methodology for the electrolysis production pathway faith effort to engage key stakeholders and communities proactively been made? Have they
being developed by the International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy been provided with the information and potential opportunities to engage that they see as most
(IPHE) as outlined in the Working Paper Methodology for Determining the Greenhouse Gas relevant and needed?
Emissions Associated with the Production of Hydrogen (see Annex 1).6 The IPHE does not The Green Hydrogen Standard incorporates best practice sustainability assessments into
establish an emissions threshold. Building on IPHE’s work, the Standard addresses the storage, investment analysis and project decision-making processes through an inclusive process where
conversion and delivery of H2 and its derivatives. Priority is given to green ammonia as a stakeholder views are solicited, respected and addressed. The GH2 Standard incorporates the
leading candidate for the transportation of green hydrogen. impact on affected communities, labour and working conditions, and the prohibition of all forms
of slavery, child and forced labour. The use and management of water resources will also be
1.2 Environmental, social and governance performance considered during the certification process, together with adherence to best practice health and
safety standards in green hydrogen production, storage and transportation.
While the emissions associated with hydrogen production have received significant attention,
demonstrating that green hydrogen has been produced sustainably needs to be addressed 1.3 The development impact – SDG performance
in green hydrogen certification. The Standard tracks the overall social, environmental and
governance performance of green hydrogen production. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for the betterment of global populations, while
preserving the environment and guarding against a climate disaster.7 Green hydrogen is a
GH2 focuses on the renewable energy technologies that are the leading candidates for scaling unique technology and fuel that allows for scalable investment and dramatically decarbonised
up green hydrogen production. GH2 accreditation and certification requires the project operator industry. As a system for energy production, it also promises to deliver greater energy
to demonstrate that hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water with 100% or near independence for countries without natural endowments of fossil fuels as well as offering an
100% renewable energy. GH2 accreditation and certification requires renewable energy sourced alternative to fossil fuels. In order to achieve the SDGs and Paris Agreement targets, the energy
from hydropower, wind, solar (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic), geothermal energy, tide, transition must become a transformational global effort. An energy revolution is underway, but
wave and other ocean energy sources. 759 million people still live without electricity and the development opportunities it provides.8

6 7
Green hydrogen has enormous potential to support the achievement of the SDGs. The most 5. Transparency. To contribute to informed public debate and building trust, the GH2
obvious contributions relate to SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 8 (decent work expects disclosures from project operators to be proactive, comprehensive, and publicly
and economic growth) and SDG 13 (climate action). In addition, there are direct and indirect accessible. Project operators should find out what is of particular relevance and interest to
contributions that contribute to almost all of the SDGs, including SDG 6 (clean water and specific stakeholders and seek the best ways to share that information. This information
sanitation) SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), SDG 12 (responsible consumption should be made freely available online and in other relevant formats to the community
and production), SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land) that should also be concerned10. Free access to, and subsequent re-use of, open data are of significant value
considered. The Standard requires that green hydrogen project operators assess the project’s to society.
development impact and contribution towards achievement of the SDGs. This work should be
undertaken at an early stage, with a view to maximising the development potential to support 6. Independent verification, concerns and appeals. GH2 relies on project operators to
energy sector development, increase energy security and development opportunities. make a complete and compelling case of how they are meeting the Standard, which will
be subject to independent review. GH2 will develop a review and appeal procedure but in
the first instance, stakeholders with a concern regarding compliance with the Standard

2. The GH2 Green Hydrogen

should raise it with the project operator and/or the appropriate national authorities. If this
is not appropriate or if the concern remains, the stakeholder may petition GH2 to consider
the matter.

Standard 7. Further development of the Standard. The Standard seeks to balance predictability and
flexibility in a new and rapidly growing industry. Project proponents have emphasised
The Green Hydrogen Standard is based on a project-level certification and the need for clear and stable standards to inform long term planning. Stakeholders
are also in agreement that GH2 should take into account emerging best practices,
accreditation. It is comprised of seven principles and seven requirements.
particularly as projects are scaled up from pilots to large scale operation. GH2 will review
the lessons learned from the accreditation and certification process in consultation
2.1 Principles of the Green Hydrogen Standard with all stakeholders. Any subsequent refinements or modifications to the Standard will
The Green Hydrogen Standard provides a clear global minimum standard, while also retaining include transitional arrangements that will allow project operators to make the necessary
the flexibility to accommodate local challenges and opportunities. The following seven adjustments within a reasonable timeframe before coming into force.
principles will be applied throughout the accreditation and certification process:
1. Sovereignty and subsidiarity. GH2 acknowledges that the development of natural
2.2 GH2 Requirements
resources and energy markets is in the domain of sovereign governments to be The seven requirements below outline the specific requirements that must be met in order
exercised in the interest of their citizens and national development. To avoid duplication, for projects to be accredited and certified by GH2. In some cases, the requirements reference
demonstrating adherence to credible and comprehensive national requirements9 shall policy notes. Policy notes provide additional detail and assessment criteria. Further refinements
be deemed sufficient to meet GH2’s accreditation and certification requirements. and interpretations are likely to occur and will be communicated through revised requirements
Similarly, any potential breaches of GH2’s requirements by government agencies and/or and additional policy notes.
other parties in relation to the project shall be fully considered. Science-based knowledge
should be applied, referring to peer-reviewed literature and internationally accepted Terminology
standards.
The use of the terms ‘required’ and ‘must’ indicate that a provision is mandatory and will be
2. Proportionality (materiality). GH2 shall ensure proportionality in the accreditation and taken into account in the accreditation and certification of the project.
certification framework. The process should emphasise the most significant issues and
impacts and allow for minor gaps/deviations in meeting the requirements where the The use of the terms ‘expected’ and ‘should’ indicate that the project operator should consider
broader objective of the requirement is met. the issue and document their discussions and position. Certification will consider the progress
made on these issues and any reasonable barriers to meeting the expectation.
3. Harmonisation. To improve quality and efficiency, GH2 encourages alignment with
The use of the terms ‘recommended’, ‘encouraged’, ‘may wish’ and ‘could’ indicate that a
international best practice and will work to ensure the interoperability of its work with
provision is optional, while adding to the balance of evidence for certification. However, these
organisations that are pursuing similar objectives.
are not requirements for accreditation and certification of the project.
4. Consultation. GH2 accreditation and certification requires clear evidence of proactive
and broad-based stakeholder consultation. All stakeholders have important and relevant Acknowledgements
contributions to make - including governments and their agencies, companies and their In developing these standards, the GH2 has drawn on a variety of international best practices, in
suppliers, local communities who may be affected by the project, financial organisations, particular the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Environmental and Social Performance
investors and non-governmental organisations. We support the principle of free, prior and Standards11, the Hydropower Sustainability Council’s Hydropower Sustainability Standard12 and
informed consent. the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

8 9
Requirement 1 Requirement 3
Project overview and outlook Project location and design
The objective of this provision is to ensure that the project operator can demonstrate the The objective of this provision is to demonstrate that the location and design of the project has
project’s strategic fit with relevant policies and plans of the host government, and that the been optimised as a result of an iterative and consultative process that addresses the most
project is a priority option to meet identified market needs. significant technical, economic, financial, environmental and social considerations.
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project operator publishes a publicly GH2 accreditation and certification requires a publicly accessible evaluation of the project
accessible and transparent overview of the project addressing expected outcomes and impact. location and design options, including the renewable electricity and water sources, hydrogen
This should include: production facilities, and associated storage and transportation infrastructure with appropriate
attention to sensitive and protected areas.
a. A simple but complete overview of the project (scope; technology used; capacities;
timeframes; involved parties; how key decisions will be made and who will make them;
local and regional impacts);
b. A summary of the project’s contribution to local and national policies and plans objectives,
Requirement 4
and the project’s contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals,
where applicable; Social impact
c. A summary of the environmental, social and economic impact of the project and plans to International best practice highlights the importance of integrated assessments to identify:
mitigate them. (1) the social impacts, risks, and opportunities of projects; (2) effective community engagement
through disclosure of project-related information and consultation with local communities on
d. A summary of plans for ongoing consultation and community outreach and engagement;
matters that directly affect them; and (3) the project operator’s management of environmental
e. A summary of how project operators intend to meet and sustain compliance with the and social performance throughout the life of the project.13
requirements of the GH2 Green Hydrogen standard over the whole lifetime of the project.
The expectation is that the project has been subject to social impact assessment (SIA) or

Requirement 2 other similar assessment to help understand the potential impacts that a proposed project
may have on a community. This should include a baseline study of the community’s existing
social environment. The baseline information is then used to help predict any social impacts
the community may face, or changes that may occur to the existing social environment, by
Stakeholder engagement and government approval introducing the proposed project. The expectation is that these assessments have been carried
The objective of this provision is to demonstrate that the project has been a) subject to a out in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements, including appropriate stakeholder
proper approval process in accordance with national laws and regulations, b) that any concerns consultation and publication of the results. It is expected that the findings from this work have
regarding the project can be addressed through the appropriate channels and with the relevant been incorporated into a community engagement plan (or similar) that addresses opportunities
government authority and that c) the project has widely engaged relevant stakeholders to build to create and contribute to social value in the communities that host the project.
trust and maximise its social licence to operate and local economic development opportunities.
The expectation is due consideration and planning can be demonstrated to maximise
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project operator publishes a publicly local development opportunities and to engage smaller businesses in the supply chain.
accessible summary of the government licences and approvals associated with the project. This should include proactive engagement with smaller businesses as well as transparency
This should address property rights, land use, water rights (if applicable) environmental, about forthcoming contracting opportunities and procurement as demonstrates fair,
public health and foreign investment approvals as appropriate, with links to the associated transparent and competitive methods to award contracts to local vendors to foster
documentation where publicly available. The documentation should be made available to the economic inclusion.
Independent Assurance Providers, with appropriate caveats and safeguards to protect personal
and commercially sensitive information. Requirement 4A
Affected communities and livelihoods
The objective of this provision is that the livelihoods and living standards are improved for
project-affected communities and that life, property and community assets and resources are
protected from the consequences of the project.

10 11
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that issues relating to project affected In accordance with IFC PS718, GH2 accreditation and certification requires that business
communities have been identified through an assessment process utilising local knowledge activities minimise negative impacts, foster respect for human rights, dignity and culture of
and that these communities have been proactively engaged about the project and given support indigenous populations, and promote development benefits in culturally appropriate ways.
to understand and engage in project design and mitigation; and monitoring of project impacts
and effectiveness of management measures is being undertaken during project implementation GH2 accreditation and certification requires informed consultation and participation with
appropriate to the identified issues. Indigenous peoples throughout the project process. The expectation is that project operators
adhere to the principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that public health issues relevant to project
implementation and operation have been identified through an assessment process utilising Requirement 4D
appropriate expertise; and monitoring is being undertaken during the project implementation
stage appropriate to the identified issues.14 Labour and working conditions
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that project operators are committed to identifying, The objective of this provision is to ensure that workers are treated fairly and are protected.
assessing and mitigating human rights impacts, providing access to remedy through effective GH2 accreditation and certification requires that project operators undertake an assessment
grievance mechanisms, and ensuring continuous improvement. of human resource and labour management requirements for the project, including recruitment,
project occupational health and safety (OH&S) issues, risks, and management measures.
The Green Hydrogen Standard requires that green hydrogen project operators assess Workers should be paid fairly and in accordance with all local laws, including those relating to
the project’s development impact and contribution towards the SDGs. In the case that minimum wage, leave entitlements and other benefits.
commitments to additional benefits or benefit sharing have been made, the expectation is that
the project operator has established a system to monitor and report on the delivery of these GH2 accreditation and certification requires project operators to respect the right of all workers
commitments over the full lifetime of the project. to form and join trade unions of their own choosing, to bargain collectively and to engage in
peaceful assembly as well as respect the right of workers to refrain from such activities.
Project operators are encouraged to adhere to the IFC’s performance standards relating to
Requirement 4B workers’ organisations and collective bargaining.19
Resettlement
The objective of this provision is that the dignity and human rights of those physically displaced
Requirement 4E
are respected; that these matters are dealt with in a fair and equitable manner; and livelihoods Modern slavery, child and forced labour
and standards of living for resettles and host communities are improved.
The objective of this provision is to ensure that the project protects workers, including
When project operators seek to acquire land for their business activities, it can lead to relocation vulnerable categories of workers such as children, migrant workers, workers engaged by third
and loss of shelter or livelihoods for communities or individual households. “Involuntary parties, and workers in the client’s supply chain.
resettlement” refers both to physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) and to
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project operator does not employ children
economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income
in any manner.
sources or other means of livelihood) as a result of project-related land acquisition and/or
restrictions on land use. Resettlement is considered involuntary when affected persons or GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project proponent does not employ forced
communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition or restrictions on land use that labour, which consists of any work or service not voluntarily performed that is exacted from an
result in physical or economic displacement.15 individual under threat of force or penalty. This covers any kind of involuntary or compulsory
labour, such as indentured labour, bonded labour, or similar labour-contracting arrangements.
In accordance with IFC PS516, GH2 accreditation and certification requires that project
The project operator will ensure fair recruitment and employment practices are adopted and
operators avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible and to minimise its impact on those
that workers are not charged recruitment fees.
displaced through mitigation measures such as fair compensation and improvements to and
living conditions. Active community engagement throughout the process is essential. GH2 accreditation and certification expects that project operators work in collaboration with
their suppliers to eradicate modern slavery.
Requirement 4C
GH2 certification expects capacity building, the measurable improvement of skilled labour,
Indigenous Peoples payment of a living wage, job and education opportunities and transfer of knowledge for and to
the local population.
The objective of this provision is to ensure that the project respects the dignity, human rights,
aspirations, culture, lands, knowledge, practices and natural resource-based livelihoods of
Indigenous Peoples in an ongoing manner throughout the project life.
Indigenous peoples may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts associated with
project development, including risk of impoverishment and loss of identity, culture, and natural
resource-based livelihoods17.

12 13
Requirement 5
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project operator undertakes an evaluation
of the project’s utilisation of electricity and the impact on the energy market including,
where applicable, network congestion and the impact of their operations on the greenhouse
gas emissions from the electricity grid. The project operator must demonstrate that it has
Environmental impact identified and implemented technically feasible and cost-effective measures that support
International best practice highlights the importance of integrated assessments to identify: energy efficiency or other decarbonisation options, addressing any impacts vis-à-vis access to
(1) the environmental, risks, and opportunities of projects; (2) effective community engagement affordable and reliable energy. Where the evaluation concludes that the project may lead to a
through disclosure of project-related information and consultation with local communities on significant utilisation of renewable energy from the electricity grid and/or increased greenhouse
matters that directly affect them; and (3) the project operator’s management of environmental gas emissions from the electricity grid, there is an expectation that the project operator has
and social performance throughout the life of the project.20 identified and implemented technically feasible and cost-effective measures to support the
deployment of additional renewable energy capacity.
The expectation is that the project has been subject to an environmental impact assessment,
i.e., a rigorous process identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, Green hydrogen producers may count electricity taken from the grid as fully renewable if they
and other relevant effects of the project in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements, have concluded one or more power purchase agreements (PPAs) with operators producing
including appropriate stakeholder consultation and publication of the results. It is also expected renewable electricity in one or more installations, generating renewable electricity for an
that the project operator has established an environmental management plan to safeguard and amount that is at least equivalent to the amount of electricity that is claimed as fully renewable
improve environmental performance over the lifetime of the project. and the electricity claimed is effectively produced in this or these installations. PPAs should
make use of credible23 Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs), Renewable Energy Certificates or
other guarantee of origin certification schemes (or similar proofs) where available. There is an
Requirement 5A expectation that the project operator has addressed temporal correlation (ensuring that the
Renewable energy sources electrolysers’ demand matches the renewable power generation) as well as a geographical
correlation (ensuring that the electrolyser and the renewable power generation covered by
The objective of this provision is to demonstrate that green hydrogen is produced from
the PPA are located in the same power market). The granularity of the information in PPAs
renewable energy sources with close to zero emissions.
and guarantee of origin certificates should be aligned with the electricity market where the PPA
GH2 accreditation and certification requires the project operator to demonstrate that hydrogen and guarantee of origin certificates are issued. This data will incorporated into the certification
is produced through the electrolysis of water with 100% or near 100% renewable energy. GH2 of green hydrogen and green hydrogen derivatives issued by GH2. Where regulatory bodies
accreditation and certification requires renewable energy sourced from hydropower, wind, solar have imposed requirements on temporal or geographical correlation between the consumption
(solar thermal and solar photovoltaic), geothermal energy, tide, wave and other ocean energy of electricity by the electrolysers and the generation of the additional renewables-based
sources.Where biomass21 and/or biomass waste22 is utilized for the production of renewable electricity, GH2 certification requires that these requirements are met. Adherence to these
electricity and/or the production of green hydrogen derivatives (such as green methanol requirements will be included in the certification of green hydrogen and green hydrogen
and synthetic methane) GH2 accreditation and certification requires the project operator derivatives issued by GH2.
to demonstrate that there is a low risk of indirect land use change, including verifying that
Up to 5% of electricity from any source may be consumed by electrolysers in a given year if it
production of feedstock does not take place on land with high biodiversity, that land with a high
can be reasonably demonstrated that there have been technical or market constraints requiring
amount of carbon has not been converted for feedstock production. The use of biomass and
such use. GHG emissions resulting from the use of this electricity consumption need to be
biomass waste must be comprehensively addressed and incorporated into the assessment of
calculated according to official grid emission factors published by host country governments or
requirements 3 and 4 (above)
published as CDM standardised baseline approved by the CDM Executive Board.24 The overall
The project operator should address any risks relating to the displacement of crops for food threshold for the GHG intensity of produced hydrogen (1kg CO2 / kg H2) must not be exceeded
and feed. Adherence to the EU Commission Delegated Regulation 2019/807 or an equivalent in a given calendar year.
national standard will satisfy this requirement. Where national regulatory bodies have
imposed requirements for certifying low ILUC-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels, GH2 Requirement 5B
certification requires that these requirements are met.
Water use and quality
GH2 will monitor the implementation of this provision and will consider additional restrictions
The objective of this provision is to ensure that green hydrogen projects address the availability
and safeguards relating to the utilization of biomass and biomass waste.
and sustainable management of water and sanitation, particularly incorporating the need to
GH2 will consider proposals from project operators based on other renewable non-fossil address risks of reducing water access/exacerbating water stress25, including desalination
sources on a case-by-case basis. The project operator must demonstrate that the project where applicable.
meets equivalent emissions and sustainability standards. GH2 will consider proposals from
GH2 accreditation and certification requires a publicly accessible evaluation of the project’s
project operators based on other renewable non-fossil sources on a case-by-case basis.
utilisation of water and the project’s approach to wastewater treatment and water pollution26,
The project operator must demonstrate that the project meets equivalent emissions and
referencing, where appropriate, applicable national standards and global best practice. The
sustainability standards.
project operator must demonstrate that it has identified and implemented technically and

14 15
financially feasible and cost-effective measures for improving efficiency in its consumption Requirement 5E
of water, particularly in risks associated with water access and water stress. This could also
include an assessment of opportunities to generate co-benefits for local communities through Climate change impact and mitigation
provision of drinking water, water for irrigation, and /or water treatment. Such measures will The objective of this provision is to demonstrate that green hydrogen is produced from
integrate the principles of cleaner production into product design and production processes renewable energy sources with close to zero emissions.
with the objective of optimising water consumption and minimising water pollution.
GH2 is committed to the full life cycle analysis (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions associated
Where desalination takes place, the GH2 accreditation and certification requires that project with green hydrogen production and utilisation, including embedded emissions. Our emissions
operators demonstrate that desalination plans do not have a negative effect on the water thresholds for green hydrogen and green ammonia are currently based on a “well to gate”
source. methodology in line with the International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the
The publicly accessible evaluation of the project’s utilisation of water and the project’s approach Economy (IPHE 2023). The GHS also expects project operators to calculate and report on the
to wastewater treatment and water pollution should include: emissions associated with the storage, conversion and delivery of hydrogen and its derivatives
and encourages project operators to calculate and report on embodied emissions.
y A description of how the project interacts with water, including how and where water
is withdrawn, consumed, and discharged, and the water-related impacts caused or The Green Hydrogen Standard requires independent verification (through the accreditation
contributed to, or directly linked to the project; and certification process) that green hydrogen production facilities have robust systems to
accurately and comprehensively measure the greenhouse gas emissions for production periods
y A description of total water consumption from all areas, with a focus on areas with water / shipments, including appropriate documentation for the purposes of certification. Project
stress; operators should align their approach with applicable national standards and global best
y A description of how water-related impacts are addressed, including how the project practice including the GHG Protocol29 and applicable ISO standards30. These reporting systems
operator works with stakeholders to steward water as a shared resource; should clearly distinguish between assumptions and models for estimating emissions and
empirical measurement of emissions. Reporting should focus on the degree of accuracy which
y A description of any minimum standards set for the quality of effluent discharge, and how has been achieved from production through different segments of the supply chain to end-use.
these minimum standards were determined.
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that projects that operate at <=1 kg CO2e per kg
H2 taken as an average over a 12-month period as per the electrolysis production pathway
Requirement 5C defined by the International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE)
Waste, Noise and Air Quality as outlined in the Working Paper Methodology for Determining the Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Associated with the Production of Hydrogen noting the modifications as set out in Policy
The objective of this provision is to ensure that the negative environmental and social
Note 1.
impacts associated with the project are managed; avoidance, minimisation, mitigation,
compensation and enhancement measures are implemented; and environmental and social In addition, GH2 accreditation and certification expects project operators to calculate and
commitments are fulfilled. report on the indirect GHG emissions associated with H2 production processes (e.g., relating to
water use and waste disposal), and the emissions associated with the storage, conversion and
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that waste, noise and air quality issues relevant
delivery of H2 and its derivatives. The energy consumption associated with (re)conversion and
to project implementation and operation have been identified through an assessment process
the emissions linked to transport are an important consideration.
utilising appropriate expertise and that monitoring is being undertaken during the project
implementation stage appropriate to the identified issues.27 The IPHE methodology was recently revised to address GHG evaluation for transportation from
production to consumption gate, including alignment with ISO 14083. Project operators and
Requirement 5D encouraged to consider applying the Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework
for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting the Smart Freight Centre & WBCSD (2023)
Biodiversity Guidance on End-to-End GHG Reporting31.
The objective of this provision is to ensure that: (1) there are healthy, functional and viable
GH2 also encourages project operators to calculate and report on the embodied emissions
aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the project-affected area that are sustainable over the
associated with green hydrogen production, including embodied emissions associated with:
long-term; (2) biodiversity impacts arising from project activities are managed responsibly; (3)
(i) purchased energy (grid) and energy produced on site (off grid); (ii) construction of H2
that ongoing or emerging biodiversity issues are identified and addressed on an ongoing basis.
production facilities, and (iii) construction of storage, conversion and delivery infrastructure.
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that biodiversity issues relevant to project GH2 will collaborate with partner organizations to develop and apply methods consistently
implementation and operation have been identified through an assessment process to all energy providers. GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project operator:
utilising appropriate expertise; and that monitoring is being undertaken during the project (i) has evaluated the risks associated with hydrogen emissions associated with the project;
implementation stage appropriate to the identified issues.28 (2) has developed a plan to minimize hydrogen emissions; and (3) has established a system

16 17
 3. Transparency. The project operator is expected to publicly disclose key information
to monitor and measure hydrogen emissions. GH2 will review accredited projects on an annual
of public interest about its corporate structure, contractual terms related to the project
basis and will establish a maximum threshold for hydrogen emissions within the boundaries of
and financial transactions with the government. Disclosures are expected to be made
the emissions assessment framework in accordance with emerging best practice. proactively and in consultation with citizens and local communities to understand the
GH2 will review the performance of GH2 accredited projects on an annual basis, with the information that they find more relevant and to furnish them with it.
expectation that the boundaries of the emissions assessment framework can be widened, and
that the emissions thresholds can be lowered in accordance with emerging best practice. y Beneficial ownership transparency. Project operators are encouraged to disclose
legal and beneficial ownership, including the identity(ies) of their beneficial owner(s),
the level of ownership and details about how ownership or control is exerted. Where
possible, this information should be incorporated in existing filings by companies to

Requirement 6 corporate regulators, stock exchanges or agencies regulating the project.

y Contract transparency. Project operators are expected to disclose the full text
of any contract, concession, production-sharing agreement or other agreement
Health and Safety granted by, or entered into by, the project operators which provides the terms
The objective of this provision is to demonstrate that the livelihoods and living standards attached to the utilisation of electricity and water and the production of green
impacted by the project are improved relative to pre-project conditions for project-affected hydrogen. We note that this is increasingly the norm even in previously opaque
communities; and that life, property and community assets and resources are protected from industries such as oil and mining and is important to establish trust and social
the consequences of any infrastructure and operational safety risks. licence to operate.

GH2 accreditation and certification expects project operators to have undertaken an y Tax and subsidy transparency. Project operators are expected to comprehensively
assessment of human resource and labour management requirements for the project, including disclose their payments they make to governments at both central and subnational
project occupational health and safety (OH&S) issues, risks, and management measures.32 level, and subsidies awarded to the project operator as individual subsidies or as
part of a subsidy scheme. Types of payments to government include taxes levied
on the income, production or profits of companies, royalties, dividends, licence fees,

Requirement 7 rental fees and other considerations for licences or concessions.

Governance, transparency and accountability

1. General. GH2 accreditation and certification requires that he project operator has
3. Accreditation and Certification
sound corporate business structures, policies and practices; addresses transparency, The Green Hydrogen Standard approach to accreditation and certification
integrity and accountability issues; can manage external governance issues (e.g., has three stages:
institutional capacity shortfalls, political risks including transboundary issues, public
sector corruption risks); can ensure compliance; and procurement processes are 3.1 Early-stage commitment and support
equitable, transparent and accountable.
Green hydrogen project operators are invited to work with GH2 from the earliest stages of
2. Anti-corruption compliance. Corruption deprives communities of the benefits that project development. Project operators are invited to commit to the GH2 Principles and
should flow from the development of natural resources and undermines decision making. confirm their intention to seek GH2 accreditation and certification.
GH2 accreditation and certification requires that the project operator establishes codes
of conduct and anti-corruption standards that clearly prohibit bribery and corruption, GH2 provides project developers with tools that can be used throughout early-stage concept
including facilitation payments to government officials to obtain routine services. The and pre-feasibility work in consultation with stakeholders and host communities prior to
standards should address the obligations for employees and contractors and include a final government approvals and final investment decision. Early commitment to the Green
risk-based system for due diligence. Project operators are encouraged to incorporate Hydrogen Standard can also be useful in marketing and negotiating offtake agreements, and
anti-corruption compliance into business key performance indicators that ultimately in the early identification and amelioration of any environment, social and governance risks.
determine employee remuneration.

18 19
Project operators may seek prequalification under the Green Hydrogen Standard. Aimed at pre-
Financial Investment Decision (pre-FID) projects, pre-qualification under the Green Hydrogen 3.3 Certification of Green Hydrogen Production
Standard allows project developers to demonstrate to investors, off-takers, government
The final report from the Independent Assurance Provider is submitted to GH2’s Accreditation
agencies and other stakeholders that projects will deliver green hydrogen (or its derivatives)
Body. Projects that meet the Standard are licensed to use the label “GH2 Green Hydrogen”
produced with near-zero emissions and with world-class sustainable development impact.
and will be eligible to obtain and trade GH2 certificates of origin. Projects that do not meet
Projects that are on track to meet the Green Hydrogen Standard will be designated by GH2
the standard may be re-submitted. The GH2 Registry will track the issuance, transfers and
as Pre-qualified in accordance with the Green Hydrogen Standard™ and will then have an
cancellation of GH2 Certificates.
opportunity to undergo full certification once the project/s enter the production phase.
Additional information on these procedures is available on the GHS website:
3.2 Independent appraisal of Green Hydrogen Projects www.greenhydrogenstandard.org.
Project operators seeking GH2 accreditation should undertake the necessary preparatory
work to demonstrate their project’s adherence to the Green Hydrogen Standard as outlined
in chapter 2. The project proponent / operator designs the project, conducts
Green Hydrogen
step assessments and establishes internal processes. The project
Project operators engage an Independent Assurance Provider (at their own cost) to assess Project
1 proponent prepares a self assessment and publishes information
adherence to the Green Hydrogen Standard in accordance with standardised terms of reference Development
in accordance with the GH2 Standard.​
available from GH2. The IAP should have access to the necessary documentation, with
appropriate protocols to address confidentiality. GH2 should be notified at the commencement
step Independent The project operator engages an accredited Independent
of the assessment.
2 Assurance Assurance Provider to assess adherence to the GH2 Standard. ​
IAPs are required to undertake assurance audits in accordance with the requirements of
ISAE3000, ISO 14064-3 or an equivalent standard approved by GH2. IAPs are required to have The Independent Assurance Provider consults stakeholders and
appropriate assurance management systems in place to meet the requirements of ISQM 1 and step Consultation and
prepares an assessment. A draft report is made available for
ISQM 2, ISO 14065, or an equivalent standard approved by GH2. These requirements do not 3 public comment
public comment. ​
prevent GH2 establishing a Scheme in accordance with the requirements of ISO 17029 either
directly or in partnership with an existing Accreditation Body.
The final report from the Independent Assurance Provider
The Independent Assurance Provider consults stakeholders and prepares an assessment. Green Hydrogen is submitted to GH2’s Accreditation Body. Projects that meet the
step
A draft report is made available for public comment. The final report from the Independent Project Standard are licensed to use the label “GH2 Green Hydrogen”
4
Assurance Provider is then submitted to GH2’s Accreditation Body. Projects that meet the Accreditation and will be eligible to obtain and trade GH2 certificates of origin.
Standard will be licensed to use the label “GH2 Green Hydrogen” and will be eligible to obtain Projects that do not meet the standard may be re-submitted.
and trade GH2 certificates of origin (see below). The decision from the Accreditation and
Certification Body will indicate any issues that require close attention during the implementation Green Hydrogen
of the project and specify a timeframe for a review of the project’s accreditation (especially step The GH2 Registry issues, tracks and cancels GH2 Green
Production
where the project involves staged development). Projects that do not meet the standard may be 5 Hydrogen Guarantee of Origin certificates.
Certification
re-submitted.
The Accreditation and Certification Body will also conduct risk-based spot checks and thematic The project proponent maintains adherence to the Standard
reviews of GH2 accredited projects. step Review and (including disclosure requirements).
6 Renewal Projects are reviewed annually. ​
Additional information about these procedures is available on the GHS website:
www.greenhydrogenstandard.org. Material changes to the project require re-accreditation.

20 21
4. GH2 Policy Notes Upstream
emissions
Inputs
Production
processes
Hydrogen
Downstream
emissions
Contruction Renewable Water Compression (at 3MPa
Policy notes provide additional detail on issues covered in sections 2 and 3. electricity treatment >99%
Secondary
product
The GH2 Board will refine and approve additional policy notes building on lessons Production of production purity) manufacture
components (max 5% Gas
learned from accreditation and certification, taking into account feedback from from other purification,
(e.g. Ammonia)
project operators and other stakeholders. Transport of sources) drying &
components Electrolysis cooling
Transport to
Steam
Policy Note 1 Water production
market

GH2 methodology for GHG emissions measurement production (if relevant)

Oxygen (either emitted or for use) Liquification

1. The Green Hydrogen Standard applies the methodology for the electrolysis production Business Other process
travel & fuel uses
pathway being developed by the International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
employee (if relevant)
in the Economy (IPHE) as outlined in the Working Paper Methodology for Determining commuting
the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with the Production of Hydrogen.33
Standard expects these
Based on discussions with stakeholders, some minor refinements have been adopted. emissions to be measured,
This policy note will be reviewed on a regular basis, taking into account feedback from but they are not included
project operators and other stakeholders and subsequent refinements to the IPHE in the 1kg CO2e/kg H2
methodology. This will include a clarification of the methods to be followed for calculating Standard encourages GHG emissions that must be emissions threshold
these emmissions to be calculated & below 1kg CO2e/kg H2
GHG emissions for Green Hydrogen derivates, such as Green Ammonia. measured, but they are not
included in the 1kg CO2e/kg
2. Technology Scope (as per IPHE). There are currently three main electrolyser H2 emission threshold
technologies, distinguished by the electrolyte (and associated production temperatures):
alkaline electrolyser, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyser and solid
oxide (SOEC) electrolyser. This methodology may be applied to any other electrolysis 4. Emissions Sources in Electrolysis (as per IPHE). GHG emissions associated with
technologies. electrolysis are subject to the nature of electricity supply for electrolysis as electricity can
be sourced from the grid (noting that this may be impacted by contracting of renewable
3. Electrolysis Process Description (as per IPHE). A water electrolysis cell consists of an electricity supply and associated instruments), generated on-site via the combustion of
anode and a cathode separated by a membrane immerged in an electrolyte (a conductive liquid, gaseous and/or solid fuels (in this case, this would be the key emissions source)
solution). When connected to a direct current power supply, electricity flows through the or supplied from an off-grid on-site system. Each process unit or stage in the electrolysis
electrolyte and causes the water to split into hydrogen and oxygen. Each electrolyser process contains emissions sources outlined below.
system consists of a stack of electrolysis units, a gas purifier and dryer and an apparatus
for heat removal.
Process unit/stage Key emissions sources Other emissions sources
Hydrogen and oxygen gas products must be purified, dried and cooled prior to storage
Electricity for
and/or delivery to market, subject to required product specifications. The oxygen gas Water supply and
purification and
must be safely vented to the atmosphere. Alternatively, pending availability of appropriate treatment
filtration
markets, this oxygen may be sold as a co-product.
Steam (where purchased).35
Within this emissions accounting framework, electrolysers are assumed to have an
Liquid, solid and/or gaseous fuel
outlet pressure of 3 MPa34. Depending on the design of the electrolyser, an electrolysis Hydrogen Electricity for
combustion for steam generation.36
system may require compression to achieve 3 MPa pressure or drying. In that case, production electrolyser units
Liquid, solid and/or gaseous fuel
energy consumption for achieving this and the associated emission have to be
combustion for electricity generation.37
calculated and included.
Hydrogen Steam (where purchased)
compression, Electricity for Solid, liquid and/or gaseous fuel
purification, drying relevant units combustion for relevant units and/or
and cooling steam generation.

22 23
 3. GH2’s Definition of Green Ammonia. GH2 accreditation and certification requires that
5. The process, methods and requirements of hydrogen life cycle impact assessment are as green hydrogen projects that operate at <=1 kg CO2e per kg H2 (taken as an average
per IPHE §6.3 (and ISO 14044) with two modifications. Specifically: over a 12-month period) as per the electrolysis production pathway defined by the
a. GHG impact of electricity used for H2 production. The IPHE methodology stipulates: International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE). Noting
“GHG impact of electricity used for H2 production shall be restricted to Scope 1 and the typical electricity requirements for ammonia production, GH2’s definition of Green
2 emissions, and partial Scope 3 assumptions (not including emissions associated Ammonia is:
with manufacturing of power generation facilities). As a result of this assumption, the
GHG impact of electricity generation from wind, solar photovoltaic, hydropower and Green ammonia is ammonia produced using green hydrogen (as defined above) with
geothermal will be assumed to be zero” (§6.2.3 p32). GH2 notes that these emissions 100% or near 100% renewable energy with close to zero greenhouse gas emissions
associated with renewable electricity may be > 0, and requires that these emissions are (<=.3kg CO2e per kg NH3 taken as an average over a 12-month period).
quantified as per requirement 5e.
The GH2 Board will review the performance of GH2 accredited projects on an
b. Fugitive hydrogen emissions. The IPHE methodology stipulates: “The impacts of annual basis, with the expectation that the boundaries of the emissions assessment
hydrogen as an indirect GHG have not been considered … given [the] current focus framework can be widened, and that the emissions thresholds will be lowered in
on (direct) GHG emissions accounting”. GH2 addresses hydrogen emissions as per accordance with emerging best practice.
requirement 5E.
4. Technology Scope. The Haber Bosch (HB) process (also called Haber ammonia
process, or synthetic ammonia process) for synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen and
6. Information to be reported. GH2 recommends alignment with the parameters specified nitrogen (C1.5 in the IPHE).
by the IPHE (Table P1.5).
5. Process Description:

5. Protocol on Green Ammonia Air

Air separation
N2
Electricity

1. Summary. This protocol provides guidance to green hydrogen project developers in Electricity Gas Haber-
Cooling Ammonia
measuring greenhouse gas emissions associated with green ammonia production in Compression Bosch
accordance with requirement 5E of the Green Hydrogen Standard. As per requirement Electrolysis
Water H2
5e, GH2 will review the performance of GH2 accredited projects on an annual basis, with
the expectation that the boundaries of the emissions assessment framework can be
widened, and that the emissions thresholds can be lowered in accordance with emerging High purity nitrogen (N2) is obtained by separating air. There are three main methods
best practice. of separating N2 from air: cryogenic distillation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and
membrane separation. The electrolysis process is outlined in Policy Note 1 (above).
2. Background. Requirement 5E of the Green Hydrogen Standard includes provisions
focussed on demonstrating that green hydrogen is produced from renewable energy The gas mixture containing N2 and H2 is compressed to the operating pressure of the
sources with close to zero emissions. The Green Hydrogen Standard applies the HB reactor and enters the electricity-driven HB synthesis loop. There is a pressure drop
methodology for the electrolysis production pathway being developed by the International around the HB synthesis loop. To overcome this, the recycled gas mixture needs to be
Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE) as outlined in the Working recompressed to the operating pressure of the HB reactor. In the HB synthesis loop, the
Paper Methodology for Determining the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with electricity is required almost exclusively for syngas/recycle gas compression. Energy is
the Production of Hydrogen.38 Requirement 5E expects project operators to calculate also required to circulate cooling water.
and report on the emissions associated with the storage, conversion and delivery of H2
and its derivatives. Noting that the majority of export-oriented green hydrogen projects
plan to ship green ammonia, GH2 has prioritised providing guidance on this topic. The
IPHE working paper was recently revised to ammonia as a hydrogen carrier (Appendix
C1). The current guidance focuses on ammonia production (“module 3” in the IPHE).
GH2’s guidance will be revised taking into account ongoing work by the IPHE and others.
Additional guidance materials addressing ammonia transportation and storage is under
consideration. Guidance will be prepared for other green hydrogen derivatives.

24 25
 6. Protocol on Green Methanol
6. Emissions Sources in Green Ammonia production. The major component relates to
the electricity supply as outlined below. GH2 is preparing guidance on the emission
factors that should be applied for electrolysis, with the expectation that the same
standards would be applied to green ammonia production. 1. Summary. This protocol sets out a procedure for project operators for measuring the
greenhouse gas emissions associated with green methanol production in accordance
GHG emissions summary for green ammonia: with requirement 5e of the Green Hydrogen Standard. As per requirement 5e, GH2
will review the performance of GH2 accredited projects on an annual basis, with
Process unit/stage Key emissions sources Other emissions sources the expectation that the boundaries of the emissions assessment framework can
be widened, and that the emissions thresholds can be lowered in accordance with
Electricity emerging best practice.
Air separation unit consumption for
relevant units 2. Background. Requirement 5E of the Green Hydrogen Standard includes provisions
focussed on demonstrating that green hydrogen is produced from renewable
Electricity energy sources with close to zero emissions. The Green Hydrogen Standard applies
Syngas consumption for the methodology for the electrolysis production pathway being developed by the
compression relevant units
International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE) as outlined
Fugitive emissions
in the Working Paper Methodology for Determining the Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Electricity Associated with the Production of Hydrogen. Requirement 5E expects project operators
consumption for to calculate and report on the emissions associated with the storage, conversion and
Haber-Bosch (HB)
relevant units delivery of H2 and its derivatives.
Fugitive emissions
Methanol is one of the most widely produced organic chemicals and one of the
Electricity most important raw materials in the chemical industry. It is the world’s most shipped
Cooling consumption for HFC (or other refrigerant) emissions chemical commodity. Whereas most of the methanol produced nowadays is produced
relevant units from natural gas and coal, methanol can be also be produced from biomass and
biomass waste (see Requirement 5A) and is expected to play a significant role in
7. Co-products. Where oxygen is a co-product, GH2 recommends alignment with the decarbonising hard to abate sectors, in particular shipping and in the production of
allocation factors specified in the Ecoinvent database, as further described in the IPHE sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).
“Methodology for determining the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the
production of hydrogen”. The Green Hydrogen Standard currently uses a "well to gate" system boundary, with the
expectation that the system boundary will be extended to a full life cycle assessment.
8. Embodied emissions. GH2 encourages project operators to calculate and report A comprehensive protocol for methanol requires a full life cycle boundary, including
on the embodied emissions associated with green ammonia production, including the emissions associated with methanol transportation, distribution and consumption.
embodied emissions associated with: (i) purchased energy (grid) and energy produced The majority of the lifecycle emissions reside in the consumption (combustion) stage.
on site (off grid); (ii) construction of green ammonia production facilities, and (iii) However, if the carbon feedstock carbon is supplied from a sustainable resource, the
construction of storage, conversion and delivery infrastructure. These emissions consumption emissions can be net climate neutral and reduce the lifecycle carbon
are not included in the threshold as per §3 above. GH2 will collaborate with partner footprint. Owners and operators of assets in the different segments of the supply
organizations to develop and apply methods consistently to all energy providers. chain will need to take responsibility for emission measurements from those assets.
Reporting systems should clearly distinguish between assumptions and models for
9. Information to be reported. GH2 recommends alignment with the parameters
estimating emissions and empirical measurement of emissions.
specified by the IPHE (Table C1.9).

26 27
 3. GH2’s Definition of Green Methanol. GH2 accreditation and certification requires that 6. Emissions Sources in Green Methanol production.
green hydrogen projects operate at <=1 kg CO2e per kg H2 (taken as an average over a Process unit/stage Key emissions sources Other emissions sources
12-month period) as per the well to gate electrolysis production pathway as defined by
the IPHE. Based on modelled emissions for green methanol projects, GH2’s definition of Green Hydrogen • As per the Green
As per the Green Hydrogen Standard
green methanol is: Production Hydrogen Standard

Green Methanol is methanol produced using green hydrogen (as defined in the green • Electricity consumption Exhaust CO2 due to sulphur removal of
hydrogen standard) and an eligible source of CO2 with well-to-gate greenhouse gas for relevant units exhaust gases (where applicable)
emissions of <=.3 kg CO2e per kg CH3OH taken as an average over a 12-month period. Feedstock - CO2 • Exhaust CO2 due to sulphur removal of
• Residual CO2 which
Eligible sources of CO2 include CO2 sourced from biomass, biomass waste and or Capture and
is not captured for
exhaust gases (where applicable)
bioenergy (as defined in the Green Hydrogen Standard), direct air capture, unavoidable separation • Heat required for splitting CO2 from other
permanent storage
industrial emissions41 or emissions that have paid compensation through a credible carbon flue gases (needed depending on the CO2
• Fugitive CO2 emissions source)
price mechanism.
• Electricity for
A key issue is the source of carbon. As per requirement 5A, where biomass and/ compression of CO2
or biomass waste is utilized for the production of renewable electricity and/or the
production of green hydrogen derivatives (such as green methanol and synthetic • Electricity and/or fuel
Feedstock - combustion for pipeline
methane) GH2 accreditation and certification requires the project operator to transport
Compression and
demonstrate that there is a low risk of indirect land use change, including verifying that
transportation of CO2 • Liquid and/or fuel
production of feedstock does not take place on land with high biodiversity, that land
combustion for motive
with a high amount of carbon has not been converted for feedstock production. transport
4. Technology Scope. While several processes and technologies have been proposed
for green methanol production, CO2 hydrogenation – typically operated in fixed-bed • Fugitive CO2 emissions
catalytic reactor at 250–300 °C and 50–00 bar – is currently the technology with the • Electricity consumption
largest development perspective at commercial scale.40 for relevant units The calculation method allows for accounting
Hydrogenation
• C, CO and CO2 for heat integration.
5. Process Description.
emissions

System Boundary • Electricity and fuel

Disposal of waste
combustion for
products (where not
transportation of waste
Consumption valorized)
Feedstock Transport Conversion Transport products
(inc. combustion)

7. Methanol transportation, storage and consumption. GH2 is committed to the full

life cycle analysis (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions. Project operators are expected
to quantify and report on the emissions associated with methanol transportation,
storage and consumption. Project operators should align their approach with applicable
national standards and global best practice. These reporting systems should clearly
distinguish between assumptions and models for estimating emissions and empirical
measurement of emissions. Reporting should focus on the degree of accuracy which
has been achieved from production through different segments of the supply chain to
end-use.

8. Embodied emissions. GH2 encourages project operators to calculate and report on

the embodied emissions associated with methanol production, including embodied
emissions associated with: (i) feedstock production and transportation; (ii) purchased
energy (grid) and energy produced on site (off grid); (iii) construction of green
methanol production facilities, and (iii) construction of storage, conversion and delivery
infrastructure. These emissions are not included in the threshold as per §3 above. GH2
will collaborate with partner organizations to develop and apply methods consistently to
all energy providers.

28 29
 bioenergy (as defined in the Green Hydrogen Standard), direct air capture, unavoidable

7. Protocol on Synthetic Methane industrial emissions41 or emissions that have paid comprehensive compensation through a
credible carbon price mechanism.

1. Summary. This protocol sets out a procedure for project operators for measuring A key issue is the source of carbon for converting green hydrogen into synthetic
the greenhouse gas emissions associated with synthetic methane production in methane. As per requirement 5A, where biomass and/or biomass waste is utilized
accordance with requirement 5e of the Green Hydrogen Standard. As per requirement for the production of renewable electricity and/or the production of green hydrogen
5e, GH2 will review the performance of GH2 accredited projects on an annual basis, derivatives (such as green methanol and synthetic methane) GH2 accreditation and
with the expectation that the boundaries of the emissions assessment framework certification requires the project operator to demonstrate that there is a low risk of
can be widened, and that the emissions thresholds can be lowered in accordance with indirect land use change, including verifying that production of feedstock does not take
emerging best practice. place on land with high biodiversity, that land with a high amount of carbon has not
been converted for feedstock production.
2. Background. Requirement 5E of the Green Hydrogen Standard includes provisions
4. Technology Scope. The combination of electrolysis, driven by renewable energy, and
focussed on demonstrating that green hydrogen is produced from renewable
the Sabatier reaction to enable methane synthesis and the subsequent distribution
energy sources with close to zero emissions. The Green Hydrogen Standard applies
of synthetic methane. The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane
the methodology for the electrolysis production pathway being developed by the
and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures
International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE) as outlined
(optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures in the presence of a nickel catalyst. GH2’s initial
in the Working Paper Methodology for Determining the Greenhouse Gas Emissions
work is based on thermal catalytic CO2 methanation, but also allows for other options,
Associated with the Production of Hydrogen. Requirement 5E expects project operators
including biological methanation.
to calculate and report on the emissions associated with the storage, conversion and
delivery of H2 and its derivatives. 5. Process Description.
Synthetic methane (also known synthetic natural gas, e-NG and green methane) has
System Boundary
been proposed as an energy carrier for hydrogen. The Green Hydrogen Standard
currently uses a "well to gate" system boundary, with the expectation that the system
boundary will be extended to a full life cycle assessment, including a closed carbon
cycle. A comprehensive protocol for synthetic methane requires a full life cycle Green Hydrogen
Methanation
(as per the GHS)
boundary, including the emissions associated with methane transportation, distribution
and consumption. The majority of the lifecycle emissions reside in the consumption Natural Gas
Distribution
(combustion) stage. However, if the carbon feedstock carbon is sourced sustainably, as Initial CO2 Supply
outlined in section 3, the consumption emissions can be net climate neutral and reduce (+ loss compensation) Centralised
Liquification Decentralised
Autothermal
the lifecycle carbon footprint, including by sourcing renewable and electricity for all Reforming CO2 Capture
steps of the capture process. Owners and operators of assets in the different segments
of the supply chain will need to take responsibility for emission measurements from Transporation
CO2 Capture
CO2
those assets. Reporting systems should clearly distinguish between assumptions and Transporation
models for estimating emissions and empirical measurement of emissions.

3. GH2’s Definition of Synthetic Methane. GH2 accreditation and certification requires

that green hydrogen projects operate at <=1 kg CO2e per kg H2 (taken as an average CO2
Storage Regasification Transporation
over a 12-month period) as per the well to gate electrolysis production pathway as Liquification
defined by the IPHE. Based on modelled emissions for Synthetic Methane projects,
GH2’s definition of Synthetic Methane is:

Synthetic Methane is methane produced using green hydrogen (as defined in the green
hydrogen standard) and an eligible source of CO2 with well-to-gate greenhouse gas
emissions of <=0.85 kg CO2e per kg CH4 taken as an average over a 12-month period.
Eligible sources of CO2 include CO2 sourced from biomass, biomass waste and or

30 31
 6. Emissions Sources in Synthetic Methane production. 7. Methanol transportation, storage and consumption. GH2 is committed
to the full life cycle analysis (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions. Project
Process unit/stage Key emissions sources Other emissions sources
operators are expected to quantify and report on the emissions associated
with methane transportation, storage and consumption. Project operators
Green Hydrogen • As per the Green should align their approach with applicable national standards and global
As per the Green Hydrogen Standard
Production Hydrogen Standard best practice, including applicable ISO standards42. These reporting systems
should clearly distinguish between assumptions and models for estimating
• Electricity consumption
emissions and empirical measurement of emissions. Reporting should
for relevant units • Exhaust CO2 due to sulphur removal of
exhaust gases (where applicable)
focus on the degree of accuracy which has been achieved from production
CO2 Capture and • Residual CO2 which
• Heat required for splitting CO2 from other
through different segments of the supply chain to end-use.
separation is not captured for
permanent storage flue gases (needed depending on the CO2
source) 8. Embodied emissions. GH2 encourages project operators to calculate and
• Fugitive CO2 emissions report on the embodied emissions associated with synthetic methane
production, including embodied emissions associated with: (i) feedstock
• Electricity for production and transportation; (ii) purchased energy (grid) and energy
compression of CO2 produced on site (off grid); (iii) construction of synthetic methane production
• Electricity and/or fuel facilities, and (iv) construction of storage, conversion and delivery
combustion for pipeline infrastructure. These emissions are not included in the threshold as per §3
Compression and transport above. GH2 will collaborate with partner organizations to develop and apply
transportation of CO2
• Liquid and/or fuel methods consistently to all energy providers.
combustion for motive
transport

• Fugitive CO2 emissions

• Electricity consumption
for relevant units The calculation method allows for accounting
Methanation
• C, CO and CO2 for heat integration.
emissions

• Electricity and fuel

combustion for
Disposal of waste transportation of waste
products (where not products
valorized) • Electricity and fuel for
treatment and waste
disposal

Endnotes
1 IEA (2023), Global Hydrogen Review 2023, IEA,
Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-
review-2023, License: CC BY 4.0
2 Longden T., Beck, F.J., Jotzo F., Andrews, R. and 4 Green hydrogen is sometimes characterised as
Prasad M. (2021), ‘Clean’ hydrogen? An analysis of having zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, the
the emissions and costs of fossil fuel based versus production of renewable electricity may involve some
renewable electricity based hydrogen, CCEP Working greenhouse gas emissions. In some circumstances,
Paper 21-03, ZCEAP Working Paper ZCWP02-21, there may be some greenhouse gas emissions
March 2021, The Australian National University. associated with electrolysis and associated
3 The Standard focusses on green hydrogen processes. Accordingly,
projects that aim to source 100% of their electricity GH2 refers to “close to zero greenhouse gas
from renewable sources. However, provision is made emissions”.
for <=5% electricity from other sources to cover GH2 requires that these emissions are quantified as
exceptional circumstances. part of the accreditation and certification process.
See requirement 5A, below. See requirement 5A, below.

32 33
5 GH2 reviewed the recent academic literature en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social- (TFI). document is based on principles, requirements and
(see for example here, here and here) and consulted Framework.pdf#page=59&zoom=80 Project operators The EFDB is intended to be a recognized library, where guidelines identified in existing International Standards
green hydrogen project developers to establish an are encouraged to consult the IFC (2012) users can find emission factors and other parameters and establishes requirements for the quantification of
appropriate threshold. Some studies assume that 15 Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and with background documentation or technical a Carbon Foot Print (CFP).
100% renewable energy equates to zero emissions. Involuntary Resettlement. https://www.ifc.org/wps/ references that can be used for estimating greenhouse 31 https://www.feport.eu/images/downloads/glec-
Others have argued that we should not assume zero, wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_ gas emissions and removals. See: https://www.ipcc- framework-20.pdf
and that careful attention is needed to the source corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/policies-standards/ nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php 32 https://www.smartfreightcentre.org/en/projects/c
of electricity used for water electrolysis and any performance-standards/ps5 In accordance with IFC (2012) Performance Standard 33 IPHE (2021) Methodology for Determining the
emissions from associated processes such as water 16 Project operators are encouraged to consult the 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention, “the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with the
treatment / desalination. The emerging consensus World Bank's ESS5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions term ‘pollution’ includes: “both hazardous and non- Production of Hydrogen https://www.iphe.net/iphe-
is that 1kg is a reasonable threshold, with the caveat on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement Policy hazardous chemical pollutants in the solid, liquid, or working-paper-methodology-doc-oct-2021
that GH2 should review this threshold based on https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/ gaseous phases, and includes other components such 34 IPHE (2023) ib id
the early experience with green hydrogen project environmental-and-social-framework/brief/ as pests, pathogens, thermal discharge to water, GHG 35 Where high temperature SOEC are utilised
accreditation. environmental-and-social-standards#ess5 emissions, nuisance odors, noise, vibration, radiation, 36 Where high temperature SOEC are utilised
6 IPHE (2023) Methodology for Determining the 17 Project operators are encouraged to consult electromagnetic energy, and the creation of potential 37 Where on-site electricity generation is non-
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with the the IFC (2012) Performance Standard 7: Indigenous visual impacts including light”. Project operators renewable.
Production of Hydrogen. https://www.iphe.net/iphe- Peoples. https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ are encouraged to consult the World Bank's ESS3: 38 https://www.iphe.net/_files/
wp-methodology-doc-jul-2023 topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/ Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and ugd/45185a_48960ad9b26
7 United Nations (2015) The 2030 Agenda for sustainability-at-ifc/policies-standards/performance- Management policy https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/ 045c7a082bceb3a192bc7.pdf
Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/ standards/ps7 en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social-
goals 18 Project operators are encouraged to consult the Framework.pdf#page=53&zoom=80 40 Sollai et al (2023) Renewable methanol
8 United Nations (2021) Department of Economic World Bank's ESS7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan 25 Project operators are encouraged to consult production from green hydrogen and captured CO2:
and Social Affairs. Sustainable Development. https:// African Historically Underserved Traditional Local publicly accessible tools such as the WRI Aqueduct A techno-economic assessment. Journal of CO2
Water Risk Atlas https://www.wri.org/data/aqueduct-
sdgs.un.org/news/proposed-global-roadmap-shows- Communities Policy https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/ Utilization. Volume 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
water-risk-atlas
how-universal-access-sustainable -energy-can-be- en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social- 26 In accordance with IFC (2012) Performance jcou.2022.102345
achieved-2030 Framework.pdf#page=89&zoom=80 Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution 41 Industrial emissions remaining after the best
9 It is important to emphasise that this is not a 19 Project operators are encouraged to consult Prevention, “the term ‘pollution’ includes: “both available techniques and all demand-side emissions
waiver of requirements. The onus is on the project the IFC (2012) Performance Standard 7: Labor and hazardous and non-hazardous chemical pollutants reduction measures have been demonstrably applied.
operator to demonstrate their adherence to GH2’s Working Conditions. https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/ in the solid, liquid, or gaseous phases, and includes 42 See ISO 6338:2023 “Method to calculate
other components such as pests, pathogens, thermal
requirements. The credibility and comprehensiveness connect/88f1f09e-5fe4-4fad-9286-33ecb221ab23/ GHG emissions at LNG plant” https://www.iso.
discharge to water, GHG emissions, nuisance odors,
of national requirements will be considered as part of PS2_English_2012.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=jiVQIns noise, vibration, radiation, electromagnetic energy, org/standard/82214.html and “Calculations of
the independent appraisal process, including broad and the World Bank's ESS2: Labor and Working and the creation of potential visual impacts including GHG emissions throughout the LNG chain” under
based consultation with project stakeholders. Conditions Policy https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/ light”. Project operators are encouraged to consult development by ISO/TC 67/SC 9/WG 10 https://www.
10 GH2 recommends that the information is provided en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social- the World Bank's ESS3: Resource Efficiency and iso.org/standard/87114.html and https://www.iso.org/
in a format which is accessible to the public (including Framework.pdf#page=45&zoom=80 Pollution Prevention and Management policy https:// committee/5749612.html
pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/837721522762050108/
hard copies as libraries or local government offices) 20 Project operators are encouraged to consult
Environmental-and-SocialFramework.
and in a language which is spoken by the local IFC (2012) Performance Standard 1. https://www.
pdf#page=53&zoom=80
communities. ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/
27 Project operators are encouraged to consult
11 IFC (2021) Performance Standards. https://www. ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/
the World Bank's ESS3: Resource Efficiency and
ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/Topics_Ext_Content/ policies-standards/performance-standards/
Pollution Prevention and Management policy https://
IFC_External_Corporate_Site/Sustainability-At-IFC/ ps1 and the relevant requirements identified
pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/837721522762050108/
Policies-Standards/Performance-StandardsI under the World Bank's ESS1: Assessment and
Environmental-and-Social-Framework.
12 Hydropower Sustainability Council Management of Environmental and Social Risks
pdf#page=53&zoom=80
(2021) Hydropower Sustainability Standard and Impacts Policy. https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/
28 Project operators are encouraged to consult
https://static1.squarespace.com/ en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social-
the World Bank's ESS6: Biodiversity Conservation
static/5c1978d3ee1759dc44fbd8ba/t/613 Framework.pdf#page=29&zoom=80
and Sustainable Management of Living Natural
79550f76c7d53f2b0f446/1631032662564/ 21 Replace with: “2023: P5.1. p107”
Resources https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/
Hydropower+sustainabiity+standard+310821+01b.pdf 22 Replace with: “2023: P5.2. p107”
en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social-
13 Project operators are encouraged to consult 23 In accordance with the GHS General Principles
Framework.pdf#page=81&zoom=80
IFC (2012) Performance Standard 1. https://www. the credibility and comprehensiveness of national
29 The GHG Protocol is a comprehensive and detailed
ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ requirements will be considered as part of the
standard and is aligned with a number of voluntary
ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/ independent appraisal process, including broad based
and mandatory reporting programs, in particular
policies-standards/performance-standards/ consultation with project stakeholders”. In evaluating
the Scope 2 guidance on measuring emissions
ps1 and the relevant requirements identified the credibility of national requirements, project
from purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heat
under the World Bank's ESS1: Assessment and operators and the Independent Assurance Provider
and cooling (called “scope 2 emissions”): https://
Management of Environmental and Social Risks should consider alignment with global best practice,
ghgprotocol.org/scope-2-guidance
and Impacts Policy. https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/ such as the I-REC International Attribute Tracking
30 ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 define the principles,
en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social- Standard.
requirements and guidelines identified in existing
Framework.pdf#page=29&zoom=80 24 IThe Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is a project
International Standards on Life Cycle Assessment.
14 Project operators are encouraged to consult supported by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The ISO 14060 family provides clarity and consistency
the World Bank's ESS4: Community Health and Programme (NGGIP), which is managed by the IPCC
for quantifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or
Safety policy https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/ Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
verifying GHG emissions and removals. The ISO 14067
 Green Hydrogen
GH2 Organisation
gh2.org
36