How To Use Google Sheets - Guia para Usar Google Sheeets
How To Use Google Sheets - Guia para Usar Google Sheeets
complete guide
In this article, I'll walk you through how to use Google Sheets, go over
some helpful formulas, and provide you with some tips and tricks to help
you supercharge your work.
Table of contents:
Google Sheets is a spreadsheet app that you can access via the web. So
does that mean it's basically just Google's version of Microsoft Excel?
Kind of, but not quite.
If you're familiar with Excel, you'll have an easier time learning how to use
Google Sheets. They're both spreadsheet apps, so they have a lot of
overlapping features, but there are a few important differences. You can
read all about them in Zapier's Google Sheets vs. Microsoft Excel
comparison, but here are the main takeaways:
To kick things off, let's cover some spreadsheet terminology you'll need to
know when using Google sheets:
This will create a new blank spreadsheet (or a populated template if you
choose one of those; for this Google Sheets tutorial, though, you should
start with a blank spreadsheet).
The Google Sheets interface should remind you of at least one other
spreadsheet app you've seen before, with familiar text editing icons and
tabs for extra sheets.
2. How to add data to your spreadsheet
Look around the white and gray grid that occupies most of your screen,
and the first thing you'll notice is a blue outline around the selected cell or
cells.
When you open a new spreadsheet, if you just start typing, you'll see that
your data starts populating the top-left cell immediately. There's no need
to double-click cells when you add information, and not much need to use
your mouse.
Feel free to select any cell you'd like, then go ahead and type something
in. When you finish entering data into a cell, you can do one of four
things:
1. Press Enter / return to save the data and move to the beginning
of the next row.
2. Press Tab to save the data and move to the right in the same row.
3. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard (up, down, left, and right) to
move one cell in that direction.
4. Click any cell to jump directly to that cell.
If you don't want to type in everything manually, you can also add data to
your Sheet en masse via a few different methods:
Copy and paste is pretty self-explanatory, but there are times when you'll
try to copy a "spreadsheet-y" set of data from a website or PDF, and it will
just paste into one cell or format everything with the original styling. To
avoid pulling your hair out, try looking for data that's actually in an HTML
table (like movie data from IMDb, for example) to avoid getting funky
pasted data in your spreadsheet. Here's a video showing how to copy and
paste data in Google Sheets.
If you do end up with oddly formatted data, don't worry: we'll fix that in the
next section!
Importing a file is simple as well. You can either import directly into the
current spreadsheet, create a new spreadsheet, or replace a sheet (i.e.,
an individual tab) with the imported data.
The most common files you'll import are CSV (comma separated values)
or XLS and XLSX (files from Microsoft Excel). To import a file from
outside of your Google Drive, go to File > Import > Upload. Here's
a quick video tutorial to demonstrate how.
I prefer to import the data into a new sheet every time to keep my old data
and newly imported data separate. Alternatively, if you have a Google
Sheet (or a CSV, XLS, or other spreadsheet file) saved in your Google
Drive account, you can import that directly into your spreadsheet using
the same process—just search your Drive from the import window.
By dragging the small blue dot (pictured below) in the bottom-right corner
of a highlighted cell across or down a range of cells, you can perform a
number of different tasks:
1. Copying a cell's data to neighboring cells (including formatting)
2. Copying a cell's formula to neighboring cells
3. Creating an ordered list of text data
Here's an example of how creating an ordered list might work. Try adding
the text "Contestant 1" to Cell A1, then click and drag the little blue dot in
the bottom-right corner of the highlighted cell either down or across any
number of neighboring cells.
Let's assume that you either copied, pasted, imported, or typed in a good
chunk of data, and your spreadsheet looks pretty healthy.
In addition to the methods I reviewed above, there are even more ways to
manually and automatically import data into Google Sheets.
3. How to edit and format data for easy viewing
The basic formatting options in Google Sheets are available above your
first cell. They're labeled in the image below, but for quick reference while
you're working on a sheet, just hover over an icon to see its description
and shortcut key.
Functions like printing, undo/redo, font settings, and font styling work
similarly to what you'd expect from your favorite word processor.
For everything else, the best way to show you how everything works is to
dive right into an example.
I'm going to create a quick list of potential breakfast options for tomorrow
morning, along with their ingredients, counts, prices, and links to
YouTube videos for how to make them (who knew you could make a
three-minute video about pouring cereal into a bowl?).
For the simple example above, a lack of significant formatting is just ok. It
does the basics: storing my information and allowing me to save it. But it's
not something I would want to come back to each day.
Since I eat breakfast every morning, let's take some time to make this
spreadsheet more user-friendly with some formatting.
Working off the same spreadsheet, we'll freeze the first row in place. That
means if we scroll down the spreadsheet, the first row will still be visible,
no matter how much data lies below it. This allows you to have a long list
and helps to keep tabs on what you're actually looking at.
1. Click View > Freeze > 1 row in the navigation bar to lock the first
row in place.
2. Hover over the dark gray bar in the top-left of the spreadsheet
(until it becomes a hand), and drag between rows 1 and 2.
Freezing my header row is the first thing I do in every sheet I make.
Now say, for example, that you ran out of bread, so French toast is no
longer an option. To temporarily hide that column from your list, you'll
right-click Column C and then click Hide column.
The next thing I'll do to clean this up a bit is format my "Average Price /
Serving" to be a dollar value. Highlight the row, and then click the dollar
sign icon to display the selected cells as a dollar amount rather than a
regular number.
Now, let's say you wanted to make a similar list for breakfast and dinner.
Instead of creating a whole new spreadsheet, click the "+" button in the
bottom left corner to add additional sheets.
4. How to use formulas in Google Sheets
For this tutorial, we'll focus on the five most common formulas, which are
shown in the formula dropdown menu from the top navigation.
You can click a formula to add it to a cell, or you can start typing any
formula with an equal (=) sign in a cell, followed by the formula's name.
Sheets will autofill or suggest formulas based on what you type, so you
don't need to remember every formula.
SUM formula
=SUM(range)
Let's start by adding up the total number of ingredients required for each
recipe. I'll use the SUM formula to add each value in the recipes and get a
total amount.
There are three ways to use the basic formulas accessible via the top
navigation:
1. Select a range, then click the formula (this will put the result either
below or to the side of the range).
2. Select the result cell (i.e., the cell where you want the result to
appear), then click on the formula you want to use from the
toolbar. Finally, select the range of cells to perform your operation
on.
3. Type the formula into the result cell (don't forget the = sign), then
either manually type a range or select the range.
I'll demonstrate all three methods in a video tutorial here. First, I'll sum my
ingredients by selecting a range and clicking SUM from the formula
menu. Second, I'll select a result cell and highlight the range of cells that
will sum together. Finally, I'll demonstrate typing a formula and range
manually. When you're done selecting the cells that you want to add
together, press Enter / return.
Now that there's a formula set up to sum all of the ingredients together,
you can select the formula cell and drag the blue dot across the other
cells to copy the formula to those cells.
COUNT formula
=COUNT(range)
Now that we know how many parts are needed for each recipe, I'd like to
know how complicated it is to make. I've simplified this by assuming that
fewer ingredients means that the recipe is less complicated.
In order to count the number of ingredients in each recipe, I'll use the
COUNT formula. The COUNT formula essentially checks to see if the
cells in a range are empty or not and returns the total that are filled. This
formula will be set up in my spreadsheet the same way as my SUM row.
Watch a tutorial here.
Now, I'm going to refine my decision by figuring out the average cost per
serving of the breakfast choices by using the AVERAGE formula.
AVERAGE formula
=AVERAGE(range)
I've added some faux minimum and maximum prices per unit on my
ingredients list to the right of my breakfast options. We'll want to get an
average price for each ingredient using the low and high rates.
I'll start by highlighting the range of values (in this case, it's two side-by-
side rather than a vertical range) and selecting the AVERAGE formula
from the toolbar.
This will drop the result into the column to the right of the maximum price
column. Next, I'll drag the formula down to apply it to the rest of the
list. Watch how here.
I'll label my column "Average Unit Cost," so we know what we're looking
at.
MIN formula
Let's say I wanted to determine what the cheapest price per unit is of the
options. While you could easily just look at the chart and pick it out, this
formula is very helpful for large data sets and will save you from scrolling
endlessly. See how I use this formula here.
MAX formula
Similarly, if I wanted to determine what the most expensive price per unit
is of the options, I would use the MAX formula. See how I use this
formula here.
Once you have the hang of the formulas above, there are plenty of other Google
Sheets functions to learn.
5. Additional Google Sheets tutorials and tips
Now that you know how to create a spreadsheet, import data, and use
formulas, I'm going to walk you through some additional tips.
In the example here, I created a faux data set and used a pivot table to
show the average training scores of each department.
In addition to this quick tutorial, there are many different ways to build and
use pivot tables in Google Sheets.
When using Google Sheets, shortcuts can help you save time and work
faster. I've listed some of my most-used shortcuts below.
Command Shortcut
You can play around with the different chart types and find the one that
works best for your data set.
Zapier lets you automatically generate charts and reports in Google Sheets.
What makes Sheets so powerful is how in sync you'll feel with your
coworkers. Jointly editing a spreadsheet is one of the critical functions of
Sheets, and Google made it a seamless experience.
Click either File > Share or use the green Share button in the top-
right.
Enter emails of who can view or edit your spreadsheet.
Select any other privacy options and hit Done.
Once you add people to share with, you can either give them viewing,
commenting, or editing access. You can also add an expiration date if
you're only accepting comments for a limited time.
In addition to sharing with specific people, you can also give general
access to anyone in your organization or anyone with the link.
Even though Google Sheets is built for sharing between users, you'll
notice that many times, your spreadsheets are created as internal
documents, and sharing is secondary to actually getting work done.
1. Google Sheets mobile apps. You can use the Google Sheets mobile
app to view and edit your spreadsheets, share links on the go, and
add users. It's a solid companion to—but not a replacement for—
the web app.
2. Google Drive. Google Drive allows you to easily upload files from
your local desktop environment to your online Drive. This makes
them accessible to your collaborators and also allows you to
quickly import them into spreadsheets and other documents.
3. A third-party tool like Zapier. You can use Zapier to automatically
add data to your spreadsheets, send files to your Google Drive
account, alert you of changes to your Sheets—you name it.
Check out Zapier's Google Sheets integration page for more information on supported
data and triggers.
The most common exports will be either XLS (Excel document), PDF, or
CSV (comma separated values). If you're not sure which format to use, a
CSV is usually the best bet.
1. Google Chrome
2. Google Drive Chrome Web App
3. Google Drive Sync
Instructions for setting up your offline sync are really straightforward, but the
bulk of the process is just downloading and using the three core
components above.
And just like that, you can use Google Sheets even when you're offline—
no WiFi necessary.
Learn another fun Google Sheets tip: How to add a dropdown list in Google Sheets
Once you get the hang of Google Sheets, use Zapier to automate specific
tasks like savings URLs, creating Google Calendar events, and more.
Depending on your industry, there are other super specific things you can
do like:
And with everything stored in Google Drive, you'll never worry about
losing your files again—even if your computer dies.
This article was originally published by Michael Grubbs in July 2016. The
most recent update was in March 2023.
Funciones
Importar datos
IMPORTRANGE: Carga datos de otra hoja de cálculo directamente en una pestaña
de tu hoja de cálculo.
IMPORTDATA: Carga datos directamente en una pestaña de tu hoja de cálculo
desde un enlace de descarga .csv o .tcv.
Filtrar datos
FILTER: Filtra datos según uno o más criterios.
QUERY: Filtra (¡y también hace mucho más!) datos utilizando el lenguaje de
consulta de Google (muy similar a SQL).
Limpiar Datos
LEFT / RIGHT + LEN: Te permite eliminar un texto colocado al principio o al final
del texto en un rango de celdas.
SUBSTITUTE: Permite sustituir un texto por otro cualquiera que sea su lugar.
DATEDIF: Calcula la diferencia entre 2 fechas según una unidad de tiempo (día,
mes, semana, etc.).
Analizar datos
VLOOKUP: Busca un valor determinado en la primera columna de un rango
determinado y devuelve el valor de una columna determinada en la misma fila.
Para un archivo CSV (valores separados por comas), que a menudo será tu “materia
prima” para tus análisis de datos, debes saber lo siguiente:
La función IMPORTRANGE
Descripción: La función IMPORTRANGE te permite cargar datos directamente
desde otra hoja de cálculo en una pestaña de la tuya.
Sintaxis: IMPORTRANGE(“url_spreadsheet”;”tab_name!cell_start:cell_end”)
Nota: Ten cuidado. Es posible que veas un error la primera vez que uses la fórmula
porque debes “asociar” (=dar acceso) la hoja de cálculo de importación con la hoja
de cálculo que recibe los datos.
Ejemplo
Aquí, importamos las primeras 100 filas de las columnas A a P de la pestaña
“node_human_cours_excel” de una hoja de cálculo cuya URL se detalla en la
fórmula.
La gran ventaja de este sistema es que si modificas datos en la hoja de cálculo
original, ¡la actualización se realizará automáticamente en tu nueva hoja de cálculo!
Por ejemplo, si eliminamos la línea 7 de nuestro archivo original, desaparece
automáticamente en mi archivo:
La función IMPORTDATA
Descripción: La función importdata te permite descargar un archivo .csv o .tsv
(valores separados por tabulaciones) desde una URL, abrirlo y separarlo en
columnas listas para usar, directamente en tu hoja de cálculo.
Sintaxis: IMPORTDATA(“url_download_csv”)
Nota: Es muy útil si estás trabajando con datos donde puedes recuperar URLs de
descarga de csv (lo que es común en muchas herramientas de marketing en la
nube, por ejemplo) porque si la URL no cambia pero los datos se actualizan,
puedes importar datos fácilmente para manipularlos de forma completamente
automatizada.
Las funciones que recuperan datos fuera de la hoja de cálculo se actualizan con la
siguiente frecuencia:
Nada podría ser más simple: solo basta con usar la función Buscar y reemplazar de
Google Sheets (atajo: ctrl + h en Windows /⌘+Shift+h en Mac).
La función SUBSTITUTE
Ejemplo:
¡El mismo ejemplo con la función =SUBSTITUTE(G2;” UTC”;””), el mismo resultado!
Si los cambios que deseas realizar están al principio o al final de tus celdas, puedes
usar una combinación de LEFT/RIGHT(text; starting_character_number) y LEN (text).
Sintaxis:
Descripción detallada:
https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094079?hl=en
https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094087?hl=en
https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094081?hl=en
Ejemplo:
¿Quieres “fusionar” 2 celdas de texto? Nada podría ser más sencillo: basta con
utilizar el signo “&”. Por ejemplo: si deseas crear una columna de “primer nombre y
apellido”, solo tienes que ingresar “primer nombre” & “apellido”.
https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094123?hl=en
La función DATEVALUE
Ejemplo:
=DATEVALUE(SUBSTITUTE( G2 ; “ UTC” ; “” ))
Cada fecha tiene un “número” equivalente para las hojas de cálculo. Entonces, si no
modificas el formato de las celdas, esto es lo que te dará .
Encontramos muchas fechas “clásicas” una vez modificado el formato:
La función VALUE
La función DATEDIF
Ejemplo:
=DATEDIF ( I2 ;TODAY(); “M” )
Otras funciones de fecha importantes
YEAR: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093061
MONTHS: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093052
DAY: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093040
DATE: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3092969
TODAY: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3092984
NOW: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3092981
Los enlaces hacen referencia a las funciones en inglés, pero los nombres en español
funcionan bien: https://support.google.com/docs/table/25273 (ver la función date).
Has importado tus datos a Google Sheets y los limpiaste para que ahora sean
utilizables. Ahora puedes pasar a la fase de análisis que te permitirá sacar (o no,
esto también sucede muy a menudo) conclusiones.
Ten en cuenta que, en la práctica, la exploración y el análisis de datos no siguen
este patrón lineal:
importar > limpiar > analizar
Realmente está muy bien hecho y si no estás seguro de dónde buscar, es una
buena base para trabajar, pero si realmente deseas explorar los datos, tendrás que
hacerlo tú mismo.
Realmente está muy bien hecho y si no estás seguro de dónde buscar, es una
buena base para trabajar, pero si realmente deseas explorar los datos, tendrás que
hacerlo tú mismo.
VLookup
Imagina que tienes las siguientes 2 tablas a tu disposición.
Un array node_user con el identificador único de cada uno de tus usuarios y su
fecha de registro.
Una tabla con este mismo identificador único y la fuente de adquisición de cada
uno de los clientes.
=VLOOKUP(node_id;Sources table;2;FALSE)
Buscará este valor en la primera columna de la tabla con los orígenes (la tabla de
búsqueda). Este es el segundo argumento de la función.
Una vez que encuentre el valor buscado, devolverá el valor de la fila
correspondiente de la columna especificada en la fórmula (el tercer argumento).
¡Y listo!
Sintaxis
VLOOKUP(value_to_find;table_to_search;column_number_of_value_to_return;FALSE)
N.B.: Te recomendamos que establezcas siempre el último parámetro en False
(incluso Google lo recomienda en la documentación).
Descripción detallada
https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093318?hl=fr
Consejos
Ejemplo
Tomemos otro ejemplo: acabamos de realizar una prueba A/B de campañas CRM
con usuarios de nuestro servicio en París el 5 de Enero y nos gustaría ver si hay
algunas diferencias en la reactivación entre los 2 grupos.
Disponemos de 2 orígenes de datos:
Tablas Dinámicas
Es una de las herramientas más útiles para la exploración de datos/creación de
tablas de Google Sheets (y Excel obviamente).
Para crear una tabla dinámica, comienza seleccionando los datos sin procesar que
deseas analizar.
Luego selecciona “Tabla dinámica” en “Datos”.
El problema aquí es que con el formato de los datos actuales (las fechas incluyen
horas), obtenemos poca información de ellos.
Tendríamos que agrupar las fechas por mes.
Esto es posible haciendo clic derecho en las fechas y eligiendo crear un grupo de
fechas “año-mes-día”.
Ahora puedes ver estos nuevos inscritos día a día por ciudad agregándolos en una
columna.
E incluso puedes explorar específicamente los datos de los 360 inscritos desde el 7
de Enero en París para ver quiénes son haciendo clic en “Mostrar los detalles”.
Tienes la alternativa de utilizar las ciudades como filtro para mostrar solo los
inscritos de París durante el período.
Si quieres hacer cálculos un poco más elaborados, debes utilizar los campos
calculados.
Si, por ejemplo, queremos ver la proporción del segmento 4 entre nuestros
inscritos día a día en París, tendríamos que utilizar un campo calculado.
De hecho, ya ves en nuestra pantalla el número de inscritos día a día para todos los
segmentos combinados en París y podríamos ver el número del “segmento 4” en
esta misma muestra filtrando, pero es imposible conciliar sus vistas sin un campo
calculado.
Ten en cuenta que puedes utilizar las funciones más simples de Google Sheets en
tus campos calculados.
La tabla dinámica es, por tanto, la herramienta ideal para un primer análisis de una
muestra de datos porque permite sintetizar grandes volúmenes de datos con
funciones sencillas y segmentarlos.