Work and Energy Class 9

Work And Energy Class 9 CBSE Notes - Chapter 11
Introduction to Work and Energy

The class 9 Chapter 11 Work and Energy discusses the concept of work, energy and power in detail. In
day-to-day life, we consider any useful physical or mental labour as work. But work is defined differently in
Science. Work done by a force acting on an object is equal to the magnitude of the force multiplied by the
distance moved in the direction of the force. Work has only magnitude and no direction. Similarly, we often
use the term energy in our daily life, but in science, energy is defined differently. In physics, energy is the
quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance
of work and in the form of heat and light.
Work
Work done on an object is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force acting on the body and the
displacement in the direction of the force. W = F.s. The SI unit of force is Newton.
If a force acting on a body causes no displacement, the work done is 0. For example, pushing a wall.
The force component F cos θ gives the component of force along the direction that the body is displaced.
Cos θ is the angle between the force vector and displacement vector.
To know more about Work, visit here.
Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Its unit is the same as that of work. Energy is a scalar quantity.
SI unit of energy or work = Joule (Nm) or Kgm2s−2.
Forms of Energy
Energy has different forms: Light, heat, chemical, electrical or mechanical.
Mechanical energy is the sum of:
(i) Kinetic energy (K.E)
(ii) Potential energy (P.E)
To know more about Energy and its type, visit here.
Kinetic Energy
Objects in motion possess energy and can do work. This energy is called Kinetic Energy.
Also,
From the second equation of motion, we know that
Rearranging the equation, we get
Substituting equation for work done by a moving body,
Taking initial velocity as zero, we get

When two identical bodies are in motion, the body with a higher velocity has more K.E.
To know more about Kinetic Energy, visit here.
Work-energy theorem
The work-energy theorem states that the net work done by a moving body can be calculated by finding the
change in KE.
To know more about Work-Energy Theorem, visit here.
Factors affecting kinetic energy

● Mass
● Velocity
● Momentum
Potential Energy
Energy can get stored in an object when work is done on it.
For example, stretching a rubber string. The energy that is possessed by a body by virtue of its configuration
or change in position is known as Potential Energy.
The potential energy of an object at a height.

When an object is raised to a certain height, work is done against gravity to change its position. This energy
is stored as Potential Energy.
To know more about Potential Energy, visit here.

Law of Conservation of Energy
Law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be
transferred from one form to another. The total energy before and after the transformation remains
constant.
Total energy = KE + PE
where, 1/2 mv2 + mgh = constant
For example: consider a ball falling freely from a height. At height h, it has only PE = mgh.
By the time it is about to hit the ground, it has a velocity and therefore has
KE = ½ mv2
Therefore, energy gets transferred from PE to KE, while the total energy remains the same.
To know more about the Law of Conservation of Energy, visit here.
Power
The rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy is called power. It is denoted by P.
P = W/t
The SI unit is Watt (Js−1).
Average power = Total energy consumed/Total time taken
Commercial Unit of Power

The commercial unit of power is kWh i.e. energy used in 1 hour at 1000 Joules/second.
1kWh = 3.6×106J
To know more about Power, visit here.
Frequently asked Questions on CBSE Class 9 Physics Notes Chapter
11: Work and Energy
What is the definition of ‘Kinetic energy’?
Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion.
What is the definition of ‘Potential energy’?
Potential energy is the stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.
What is ‘Power’?
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time.

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Work And Energy Class 9 CBSE Notes - Chapter 11

Introduction to Work and Energy

From the second equation of motion, we know that

Rearranging the equation, we get

Substituting equation for work done by a moving body,

Taking initial velocity as zero, we get

To know more about Kinetic Energy, visit here.

To know more about Work-Energy Theorem, visit here.

Factors affecting kinetic energy

The potential energy of an object at a height.

To know more about Potential Energy, visit here.

To know more about the Law of Conservation of Energy, visit here.

Commercial Unit of Power

What is the definition of ‘Kinetic energy’?

What is the definition of ‘Potential energy’?

Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time.

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