_——— Introduction to Mie Celie 8 ae or ——— 1] Trigonometry: The word trigonometry is derived from three Greek words ‘tr’ (meaning three) ‘gon’ (meaning sides) and ‘metron’ (meaning measure). In fact ‘trigonometry’ is the study of relationships between the sides and angle of a triangle. Early days astronomers used it to find out the distances of the stars and planets from the Earth. Even today, most of the technologically advanced method used in engineering and physical science are based on trigonometrical concept ‘Trigonometric Ratio: The ratio of the sides ofa right triangle with respect to its acute angles are called trigonometric ratios of the angles. We will also define the trigonometric ratios for angles of measure 0° to 90°, The trigonometric ratios of the angle A in right triangle ABC right angled at B are defined as follows: Qa side opposite to ZA gc é sind="“fypotenuse AC side adjacent 1024 __ ag cd =" ~“Typotenuse AC sideoppositeto 24 _ ge and = Sdeadjacent 0 ZA" AB » 8 sideadjacentto 24 _ ap Fig 04 cota = Se opposite to 24 BC hypotenuse 4c secd = deadjacent to ZA AB hypotenuse coxec — ac Side opposite to ZA “BC (1 Relation between Trigonometric Ratios and Trigonometric Identities: On observation of definition of trigonometric ratios sin A, cos A, tan A, cot A, sec A and cosec 4, we find that they are closely connected by a relation as follows: BC, AG (@) sind.coseed = 40 Be = 1 of) AB AC cosd.secd = 0x SE = 1 nlf) BC, AB tand.cotd = Ge ge = I elt) 1 ‘sec cosecA* © Sind @> sna =rata. = @ > cesa=Zaieca= cos a coed’ (i) > und = Ti cod = ag sin?s +eota = BOAR BC HAR @ By Pythagoras AC” AC! AC cheorem sec2A~tanta = AG _ BC 4B wy BC? + AB? = Al ABP AB® AB? 24 cota = AG _ ABP _ AG?~ AB? _ Bc? cosec*A—cot?A pee Se BO BC BC BC () = sin? = 1 cos; cos’ = L-sin® A (i) > sea = 14 an? A; wan’ A= se A= 1 (it) > cose? A = 1 + co A; cold = cose’ A= 1 Note: Above relations are known as trigonometric identities because it is true for all values of the variable angle involved. (1 Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles: For 30° and 60° MABC is an equilateral triangle with side ‘a’ units. AD 1 BC > AB = BC =AC=aAnd For 45° MABC is isosceles right triangle right angled at B with AB = c > Lana | and AC = VABP + BC? = fa? +a? = 2a ey u BOL a 1 Now, sins? = <= AC Qa V2 | AB_ a _1 ¢ cosas = 48 =a = 1 AC” Sa v2a v2 Fa.23 2 a BE. tanas" = FF cots? = 28 sec45* = cosec 45° Important Facts/Ti c (In right wiangle ABC right angled at B In general, side on which angle @ lies is known as base and side opposite to 0 is perpendicular. For £4, BC is called perpendicular and AB is base. For ZC, AB is called perpendicular and BC is base. FS 8 In both cases AC is hypotenuse. Fig. 94 (i) Symbol sind is used as an abbreviation for the “sine of the 24”. sin is not the product of sin and 4. ‘sin’ separated from A (angle) has no meaning. This fact is true for other trigonometric ratios also.‘Therefore we can not do like this in 30° + sin60? = sin(80° + 60°) (ii) The values of the trigonometric ratios of an angle do not vary with the lengths of the sides of the triangle, if the angle remain the same. (iv) any one of the ratios is known, we can also determine the values of other trigonometric ratios with the help of trigonometric identities/relations, For example: Itand == ° => Inright A4C right angled at B BC = 4k = 4k AB = 3k AC = BC? + ABE Vali? + GBF = /25% AC = 5k with the help of above information, we can find any required trigonometric ratio. (@) The value of sind or cos never exceeds 1, whereas the value of secd or cosecd is always greater than or equal to I, (vi) Trigonometric identities do not depend on angle. It is true for any value of angle. ‘Therefore in identities, angle A may be replaced by any other variable like 8, §, y etc. P sind PhP cosd bb 3 Fig. 95 = tan (uid) Since, sind = © and cos8 -4 then i where, p, d, h represents perpendicular, base and hypotenuse (i) Tn this class the angle under trigonometric ratio is assumed as acute angle. a2 57 as Ieis wrong way to write p = 4 and h = 5 because ratios of ewo numbers may or may not be equal to their numerator or denominator. Foreample: S=4 ou 844,643. (Since, angle is considered as an acute angle therefore p, b and h are always positive in this class. 1. In Fig. 9.6, find tan P cot R. @ sind = = p= 4k and A= 5k, where is positive number. Sol. Using Pythagoras Theorem, we have A PR* = PQ? + QR* > (syt= 2)? + QR? = 169 = 144 + QR® = QR? =169-144=25 => QR=5em teen am : QR 5 Now, anP= pq =jg and R= pq = ig < mpi D al R s tan P-cotR = Fy-zy =O raSol. Sol. In triangle ABC right-angled at B, iftan A = - find the value of: (wien saree Gene ae: ‘We have a right-angled A4B¢ in which 2B = 90° and tan 4 = 1 _ BG ‘ Now, tand = == 50 | andm ale Let BC =kand AB = J3k 8k 2k By Pythagoras Theorem, we have = AC = AB + BC . " 2 ea ata we? 2a? ¥ s. AC? = (3k)? + (hy? = 3h? + Fig. 97 = Aaa > : Perpendicular & Base 3k _ V3 Now, sind = ee eS; esd = GS Hypotenuse 2% 2 Hypotenuse 2k 2 sin @ = Perpendicular _ Jk _ V3 Base: bd ? = ypotenuse 2 2 (@ sin A cos C + cos Asin C= @ cos .cosG-sin Asin = In APQR, rightangled at Q, PR + QR = sin P, cos P and tan P. We have a right-angled APQR in which 2Q = 90°. P Let QR=xem Therefore, PR = (25—x) em (25-x)om By Pythagoras Theorem, we have PR = PQ? + QR® -xP = 84? ° R Q5-x)' =< = 5 a (5x2) @h-x +9) = 25 eueUULUL Hence, QR = 12 em PR = (25-2) em = 25-12 = 18cm PQ=5em sini l2E 1 pe : RE 12 PR 13° PR 13) PQ. 5& Hien +5) = V5 and ion —B) = B, find and B. v8 Sol. Wehave,tan(A+B)= V3 = => tan (4 + B) = tan 60" S A+B=60° @ Again, wn 4B) = 4 > wn@-8)= un 30" 2 A-B= 30° colli) Adding (@) and (i), we have 2d = 90 = 45° Putting the value of 4 in (@), we have 45° + B= 60° B= 60°45" = 15° Hence, A = 45? and B = 15° 5. Prove that: (sind + cosec A)” + (cos A + sec A)" = 7 + tan™ A + cot" [CBSE 2019 (30/1/2)] Sol. LHS sin A + cosec A)’ + (cos A + sec A)” in® A + cosec’ A + Qsin A. cosec d + cos" A + sec A + 2cosd. seed sin®A + cosec® A +2) + (cos A + sec? A + 2) (sin A. cose A = 1 & cos A. see A = 1) sin® A + cos® A) + (cosec? A + sec® A) +4 1 te tee. ols cman amet ay tian? + co A = RHS 6. Prove thats 0844 18m 4 «oe 4 l¥sin a” ee cosA | 14sin Sol LHS = T+sin a” cosa cos" A+ (1+sin A)’ _ cos* A +1+sin’ A+ 2sin A (I +sin A) cos A (I+sin A) cos A __ (cos? Atsin® 4)4142sin A 14142sin 4 - (1 ¥sin A) cos A © (sin A) cos A 2 + sin 4) 2 = sn) 28 Lec A = RUS. (I+sin A)cos A” cos A [CBSE 2020 (30/5/1)] . _ fi¥snd _ fl ¥and TF sind Sol LHS = Soy = Taint “PF and (By rationalisation) (i+sinay® [a +sinay? 1-sin"A cos" _ltsind 1 sin tal" Wad t Song 7 CA Hand = RHS Hence Proved.8. Prove the following identity, where the angle involved is acute angle for which the expressions are defined. cos Aa sin A+ TL cosec A + cot A, using the identity cosec" A = 1 + cot? A. wear 1 [Competency Based Question} cos A~sin A+1 cot A~1+cosec A Sol. LHS cos A+sin A cot A+1—cosec A (cot A + cosee A) (cosec® A -cot® A) 5 5 oder [v cose? 4 - cot A = 1] (cot + cosee A)~ [(cosee A+ cot A) (cose A cot A)] * cot A=cosec A+1 (cosec A + cot A) (1 - cose 4+ cot A) (cot A= cosee A+1) [CBSE 2018 (30/1)] 2eectA- cash gin An teint 2eostAnacA = sink (tc zeta) cor (2ees"A ~1) nt [t= Casi] zeeara-1 \ Fist (untae conn a 7 coSA UC zeccng — Cente acon eh [seszqaette] dann psa sea = tena] LHs> Res hence prover (Topper's Answer 2018) I e10. Prove thats MO 4 SO 2 1 + see Oconee O= 1+ tanO + cot 8 [Competency Based Question} sind cos cot ___‘cos8_, sin tan cos | sind sind |” cos __sin®xsin® | cos cos cos O(sin 8 -cos8) " sin® “ (cos 8—sin 6) sin? @ cos 8 tan® Sol. LHS 1-cot8 Cos 8 (Sin @ — cos 6) * sin @ (-(sin 8 — cos 6)} sin? cos’ sin? 8 cos*@ cos (sin 0~cos0) ~ sin (sin 0—cos8) ~ cos (sin O— cos 0)sinO (sin 8 ~ cos 8) (sin® 8 + cos” 6 + sin B cos 8) cos 8 sin O (sin 0 — cos 8) _ Ltsin@cos@ sin Beos® 1 sinOcos@ 11 = GnOcos0 * sindcos6 "sin 8” cos *! = sec O cosec 0 + 1 = RHS 1+ sin@cos@ _ sin?0 + cos? + sin Ocos@ From (Sn Ocosd = sin Beos 8 sin? cos? sin Ocos® © SinBeos8 ~ sin Ocos8 sin @cos@ = tan 0 + cot8 + 1= RHS. 11, Prove than:( 1*#84).(7—tn4 (1+ cot Sol. LHS = 1 sta) sect T+co4] — cosec®a LHS.Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1. Consider the triangle shown below. x y Fig. 99 ‘What are the values of tan 0, cosec 0 and sec 0? 17 17 Bcosect = sec = V7 oegald -8 ek () tan 9 =F. cosec8 = 42, sec0= 8 7 (@) tan8 © wan 8=42, cose @ rand=F, cosecd =42, seed 2. Ifsin A= di then the value of cot 4 is INGERT Exemplar] jh 1 v3 @ 8 OF oy ®t 3. ‘The two legs AB and BC of right triangle ABC are in a ratio 1 : 3. What will be the value of sin C? ome L @ vo Fe 3 4, IfsinA + sin’4 = 1, then the value of the expression (cos"A + cos‘4) is [NCERT Exemplar) 1 @t Ol 2 ws s, 5. Which of these is equivalent to “"*(tees-1), [Competency Based Question] cost (@) Qtan*xcosecx —(b) 2 cot* x cosec* x © Qian’ x sec*x (d) cor? x sec* x 4sin@~cos®) 6. If4tan® = 3, then (Gases saa) is equal to (NCERT Exemplar) 2 1 1 3 @F OF oF wt 7 3 —sin” 60° 7. What is the value of SSE ? a e 3. 3 (a) 25 () 35 © @ 35 8, The value of 2= S245 js 3.5, What is the value of k? @) 30° (6) 45° © 60 @ 9 2tan30_ 9. The value of ==" 9555 is equal to (@) cos 60° ( sin 60° © an 60 (d) sin 30° 10. ‘The value of 8 for which cos (10° +6) = sin 80°, is [CBSE 2020 (30/4/1)] {a) 50° (b) 40° (6) 80° (d) 20°11. Given that sin = $, then cos @is equal to 6 6 oe OF 12. Ifx=rsin 8 andy =, cos then the value of x* + y*is 1 @r wr oF 13. If tamx + sin x = mand tan x-sin x = n then m® ~n? is equal to @ 4vmn @®) Vm © 2mm 14. The value of 9 for which sin (44° +0) = cos 30°, is (@ 46° (6) 60° © 16° ‘Answers 1L@ 2 @) 3.) 4 5.0) © ©) 10. (@) 11. © 12. (b) Each of the following questions are of 1 mark. 1 1 is the v t+) 1, Whatis the alue of (= 5 Tae) 1 1 ‘ ~-—1_} sot wenare (75 586 Tet) “a = (hag chp) an" tea? 81 2. Wtance= find the value of see a? sol. (CERT Exemplar] @ ) Fa @t (@) none of them [CBSE 2020 (30/4/3)] (@) 90° 6. @) 7.(@) 13. @) 14.0) [CBSE 2020 (30/3/1)] [CBSE 2019 (30/3/2)] MAS Pat deat * It fg y? | Ey3. Ifsec’ 0(1 + sin @) (1 - sin 6) = A, then find the value of k. Sol. We have, sec” 6(1 + sin 8)(1-sin @) = sec” @(1 -sin® @) ( @ + bya-b) =a?) = sec @.cos@B= 1 — (~ cos®@ + sin®@ = 1) A 1 4. Ising = 4, then find the value of 2cot” 8 + 2. 2 Sol. 2cot” 6 + 2 = 2cot” O + 1) = Qcosec? @ = —j— sin? tan a5 x 5. valuate; 70 ee [CBSE 2020 (3015/1)] Sol. We have, 1 Brands" cos60" 7“ *F _ 30" a 3 6. Write the acute angle @ satisfying \/3 sin @ = cos 8. Sol. We have, V3 sind = cos sind 1 1 SO = und= = 0230" ? cos V3 N3 7. Msinx + cosy = 1;x = 30° and y is an acute angle, find the value of y. [CBSE 2019 (30/5/1)] Sol. We have, sin x + cosy = 1 = sin 30° +cosy=1 A, = =e > gyteosy=1 = cosy= 1-75 Each of the following questions are of 2 marks. cotta 1, Prove that 1 +790 SS = y=60° = cosec a. [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2019(C) (30/1/1), CBSE 2020 (80/2/1)] cotta T+ coseca cosec*a 1 1+ coseca (coseca1)(coseea + 1) (1 ¥ coseea) = 1+ coseca-1 =coseca=RHS Proved 2. Show that tan* 0 + tan” 0 = sec* 0 ~ sec? 0. [CBSE 2020 (30/2/1)] Sol. LHS 1+ =1t3. Given that sin @ = 5, find the value of tan 8, Sol. sing = 4 sing= 4, Prove that (sina + cosa)(tana + cota) = seca + cosecee INCERT Exemplar] Sol. LHS = (sino: + cosee\tanc: + cor) = (ina +conay( Sng + OSE) sina = Gina+ cosa) sin’ Facteotia | cosasina sina, _ cosa cosasina " cosasing = gt phe =secer+ coseca = RHS cosa * Sina 5. If anO = 4, find the value of (10525 [CBSE 2020 (30/3/1)] ‘Since = y1+tan’ => wcb= a =/i+d-/5 => «d= = oe ay 16. teeta _ '-(3) 1-95 95-16 9 iteita 7-716 25416 a reo TAF 6. I tand = 4 find the value of 17 + ra [CBSE Sample Paper 2021}Each of the following questions are of 3 marks. 1. Ifsin @ + cos @ = 4/3, then prove that tan @ + cot @ = 1. [NGERT Exemplar, CBSE 2020(30/1/1)] Sol. sin @ + cos = J3 (sin 0 + cos 8)* = 3 sin® 9 + cos’ @ + 2sin @ cos@ = 3 sin B cos = 2 sin 0. cos @ = vuuy = sin? 0+ cos? 0 sin’ @+cos'@ | __ sin? eit sin 8 cos 6 sin@ cos” sin @cos6 u > 1=tan€ + cot8 ‘Therefore tan 8 + cor@ = 1. [CBSE 2019 (30/42)] 3. If1 + sin? Sol. Given, 1 + sin’6 = 3 sin 6.cos 0 Divide both sides by cos®8, we have sin 0 cos 6, prove that tan 0 = Lor 5 [CBSE 2020 (30/2/2)} 1 "8 _ sis costB cos8 cos" sec?@ + tan”8 = 3tan€ cos = = 1 +tan?@ + tan’ = Stan® > 2tan?8-3tan@+1=0 => — 2tan?9-2tan@-tan8 +1 =0 = Qan@(tan@-1)-1(an6-1 = (an8-@an8-1)=0 => tand-1=0 of — 2tand-1=0 > wne=1 or Sane=1 > and=F > wn0=1 oF 4. Prove that : (I + cot A -cosec.4)(1 + tan.A + sec) = 2 [CBSE 2019 (80/1/2)] Sol. LHS = (1 + cot A -cosec 4) (I + tan A + sec A) cosd 1 sind | = (Seana “Sea ae)~ (ssc cd tant 41) sind cos 1 4 % = Fat easind + cos Gsina + cos + 1] = sttcaalsina + c0s.4)?-1] sind cosd = SpctcosaglsintA + costa + 2sind cos —1] = Gadel + 2sind cos 1) 2sind cos = “Gindeosd 2 = RS. O-cosO + 1 1 5. Prove that [CBSE 2020 (30/4/1)] * “cosO+sinO-1 secO-tand 6. Ifsin @ + cos 6 = p and sec 0 + cosec 6 = q, show that q(p?- 1) = 2p. [CBSE 2020 (30/3/1)] Sol. Given, sin 0 + cos =p snl) ‘Squaring on both sides, we have (sind + cos)? = p* sin? @ + cos? ® +2 sin @. cos 8 = p* 2 1 [email protected] =p* pa > sin 8 cos 6 = z it) Also, sec @ + cosee O = 9 a sin +cos0 _ = ost Sind 4 “sin c08 0 Pp ee, = yy 2 yey? z > g@-N=% ProvedSol. 8. Sol. 9. Sol. ‘sin 0 (1+ cos 8) 1+ cos 0 ~sin® @ sin 0 (1 + cos 6) LHS = To obtain cot 6 in RHS, we have to convert the numerator of LHS in cosine function and denominator in sin function Therefore converting sin? @ = 1 - cos? 8, we get _ Le cos @-(1 cos? @) _ 1+ c0s8-1+ cos? 6 __cos 8+ cos’ 6 sin @ (1+ cos @) sin @(+ cos) sin@ (I+ cos @) cos (cos 8 +1) _ cos _ OS O = cot @ =RHS Sin 8 (1 +cos8) sin ® Prove that: (sin 0 + 1 + cos 0)(sin 0 ~ 1 + cos 0). sec 0 cosec 0 = 2 [CBSE 2019 (30/4/2)) LHS — = (sin @ + 1 + cos 0\(sin 8 ~ 1 + cos 6). sec @ cosec = (sin 6 + cos 04 1)(sin @ + cos 0 ~ 1). see O cosec = {(sin @ + cos 8)? (1)?}. see 8 cosee @ = {sin"@ + cos’@ + 2sin 8 . cos 6 = 1}. sec 0 cosec 8 1 = (14 2sinBcos8-1)x ay = 2sin9.cosOx RHS. sin.cos Ifsec 0 =x +2 hat sec 6 + tan 0 = 2x or 2 sec = x41, prove that secO + tan 0 = 2xor 3 Let sec + tan 0 = % ) We know that, sec” @ - tan” 8 (sec 6 + tan 6) (sec 8~ tan 8) 1 = Agsec@=tan 6) =1 1 secO=tan = 5 a) Adding equations (#) and (i), we get QsecO= A+ > secOtwan@=2r or 5 Alternative Method: se asco We have 8 tae tan?> sec 0 + tan is given by Sela a or x 1 = = 2 or 5 ae 1 10, Iftan + B) = 1 and tan (A —B) = 7, O°< A + B < 90°, 4 > B, then find the values of Aand B. [CBSE 2019(80/3/3)] Sol. Each of the following questions are of 5 marks. 1. Prove that; —t22°6 wan’ T+ tan? sin? Sol. LHS = _ e088 sin?@ + cos? 1+ tan’ ot? 1+ cot? cot 1+ cot?@ cok =secOcosecO-2sinO cos sin? cos 1+ sin? [CBSE 2019 (30/3/3)]5 cos? 8 sin? cost sin’ cos?@+sin@ ” sin®O+ cos? sin? , cos? cos6 * sind sin*@-+cos*@ _ (sin?6 + cos?8} -2sin?0cos?8 sin Bcos® sin @cos® 1-2sin®@cos*6 _ Bair tats 8 sec Bose -2sinO cos = RHS Proved ting seme [CBSE 2019 (30/5/1)) tan?A-1” sectA-cosec!A — 1—2eos"A tan®A cosectA Sol. LHS =—MMA_, _cosecA__ tantd-1 se A— cose sin 1 cos’ sin®a cos" sin” A.cos*A sin? cost sin? + costa 1 sin?A-cos*A —sin*A-cos*4 —sin®A-cos*A_sin®A—cos"A 1 —|__=rus cos?A—cos*A 1-2eos*d 3. IftanA =n tan Band sind = m sin B, prove that cos’ A = . [Competency Based Question] Sol. We have to find cos® 4 in terms of m and n. This means that the angle B is to be eliminated from the given relations Now, nd =ntanB 1 2 A yan cot B= una > z > wank and sind =msinB m i a = sin B= 7 sina > coecB= FG ‘Substituting the values of eot B and cosec B in cosec” B ~ cot” B= 1, we get m?__ nt cost sin? Asin? A? cos? A cos? A (n?- I) cost A 4. Prove that: (sin 0 + sec 0)* + (cos 0 + cosec 0)" = (1 + sec @ cosec 0)” Sol. LHS = (sin 8 + sec 6)? + (cos @ + cosec 8)? iN 1_Y _(sin @cos@+1)' | (cos@sin8+1 =|sino+ (corms!) =| Selewe ct) , (entan e rt cos 8 sind cos 8 sin 8 GinB.cos0 +1)? cos? @ 1 cos?6 sin? + cos ) cos? @sin®8 sin eos8 + °( (sin 8 cos 8 + »( sin cos8 + #.( ag) cos? B sin? @ = (1 + sec @ cosec 0)” = RHS. (+ cot8+tanOXsinO-cos8) ago 5. Prove that: a cos" [CBSE 2019 (30/5/1)) = Lites ta Osi cos) (see? @- cosec*8) ( cos , sind Sol. LHS Sind * cos )sin cos 8) (aaa) cos’ sin? {sin 8.cos 8 + cos? + sin? 8\sin 8 cos 8) sin 8. cos @ sin*6 - cos*8 sin’ @.cos*@ _ sin*@—cos* ,. sin?@. cos? @ sin8.cos8* sin0—cos6 in*6.cos*O=RHS mand tan @ - sin @ = n, show that (m* — n*) = 4y/mn. [Competency Based Question] 6. Iftan@ + sin Sol. We have, given tan @ + sin = mand tan @~sin @ = n, then LHS = Qn®=n®) = (tan 6 + sin 6)? — (tan 8 - sin 6)" tan® 0 + sin? @ + 2 tan @ sin @— tan” 0—sin® 0 + 2tan 0 sin @Vtan"@sin?O ye 84 cost 0) 48 ao = 4tan 0 sin @ = Neos? 6 cos = 4\tan® @-sin® 0 = 4,(tan 0-sinO)(tan 0+ sind) = 4mm = RUS 1 Bg it 1 7. Prove thats ——t——__1_=_1_____1___ that CCosecx + cot) sinx sink (Cosecx—cotx) Sol. In order to show that, 1 1 1 1 (cosecx + cotx)” sinx sin (cosec x= cota) Ivis sullicient to show L 1 1 =e ee eee cosecx Feotx ” cosecx—cotx sing” Sine 1 2 > toe @ (cosec x + cot x) (Cosee x= cot x) sin x Now, LHS of above is —— (Gosec ¥# cot) ” (Cosec x cots) (cosee x ~ cot x) + (cosec x + cot x) (cosec «= cot x) (cosec + cot 8) Qcosec x © cosect x= cot x Qeosecx_ 2 = T= ay = RHS of) 1 1 1 ence, + __ Hence, (Cosecx # eatx) * (eoseex cote) ~ sin I 1 1 1 or (eoseexteotx) Sinx Sinx (cosec ¥— cots) 8. Ifxsin® @ +) cos* @ = sin @ cos @ and x sin @ = y cos 8, provex? + y* = 1. [Competency Based Question] Sol. We have, x sin’ @ + y cos? 6 = sin 8 cos 6 (& sin 6) sin? @ + (cos 8) cos* xsin 8 (sin? ®) + (esin @) cos? =sin@cos@ —( xsin@ =y cos) xsin 8 (sin? ® + cos? 8) = sin cos © = sin @ cos 8 xsin 8 = sin @ cos @ YVUULUYU x= cos0 Now, we have x sin @ = y cos @ > cos@sin@=ycos8 (2 x = cos 8) > yssine Hence, x + y° = cos* 0 + sin* 0 =© Objective Type Questions: [1 mark each] 1, Choose and write the correct option in each of the following questions. () Considering the diagram below. P @ 7 R Fig. 9:10 Which of the following statements is true? (@) Side PR is adjacent to 2 in triangle PMR and side QR isadjacent to yin triangle POR. (H) Side MR is adjacent to 4 in triangle PMR and side PR is adjacent to yin triangle POR. (© Side PR is adjacent to 2yin triangle PMR and side MR is adjacent to Zy in triangle PQR. (@) Side PR is adjacent to Zy in triangle PMR and triangle PQR. (ii) Observe the figure shown, P o4A—_} k 7 Fig. 911 Which of these is the value of cos 6? [Competency Based Question) 1 2 ay 33 oy oF ot wo (i) The value of 4 (sin* 80° + cost 60°) - 3 (cos? 45° — tan? 45°) is @t ol @2 ws (f) ais an acute angle (sin a + cos a) is [CBSE Question Bank] (a) greater than 1. (Bless than | © equal 1. @ We cannot say any of these as it depends on the value of a. (®) Which of the following option makes the statement below true? 1 wextsece tan? x cos? x (@ -coseextanx (b)-secxtanx —(¢) ~cosecxcotx —_(d) ~seex cotx = Very Short Answer Questions: [1 mark each] 2 sin A=4, caleulare seed. [CBSE 2019 (80/2/1)}3. Ifsin @ = a then find tan 6. 4. If cosec* 0 (1 + cos 8)(1 - cos @) = &, then find the value of k 5. Iwana = ¥% and wan B = -L., then find the value of cova +B) v3 n” 60° + 2 tan 45° — cos’ 30” Evaluate: ® Short Answer Questions-I: 7. What is the maximum value of ? Justify your answer, 2 cosec 1 9. What is the value of sin? 9 + —1_ > 1+ an'6 = Short Answer Questions-II: 24 10. In AABC, right-angled at C, find cos A, tan A and cosee B if'sin = 5p 11. In Fig. 9.1, find sin A, tan A and cot A. tsind=con8 + 1) 18. Prove that tan T+ secs 4. find 1 + tan @ cos @. 15. 16. IfsecO = >, find the value of Si88= 2088. tan 6— cot 4 Prove the following identities. (Q 17 and 18) 1-cos 8 (cosec 0 — cot 8)? = 7: (CHEE. od 2eos’6-1 sin Bcos8 tan®60° + 4cos?45° + 3 sec?30° cose 30° + ec 60" cot" 30° tan 45? sec? 3. cosec 30°” cords? 2 21. Prove that: (1+ cot + tan) (sin 8 - cos6) 18. cotO-tan 0 = 19. Evaluate: 20. Evaluate: = sin" cos?® (6238 — cosec*6) saves [CBSE 2018 (30/1)) 8 [CBSE 2019(C)(80/1/1)) [CBSE 2019 (80/2/1)) [2 marks each] [3 marks each] ¢ 2 Se Dem ~ Fig. 9.12 [CBSE 2019(C)30/1/1)) ICBSE 2019(80/5/1)] 22. Iftan (4 + 8) = V3 and tan (4-B) = 0, 0° < A + B <= 90°, find sin (A + B) and cos (A - B).@ Long Answer Questions: [5 marks each] 23. Prove that: (see A ~cosec A) (1 + tan A + cod) = tan sec A cot A cosee A 24, Ifa sin @ +b cos =c, then prove thata cos 6—bsin@ = ya? +B 25. Prove that: sin A(1 + tan A) + cos (I + cot A) = sec A + cosec A sec8__ cosec8 26. Prove that-(I + cot @ + tan 0)(sin 8 — cos @) = 5 S cosec’@ sec?@ 27. Ifx =a sec @ +b tan 0 andy =a tan 0 + b sec 8, prove that x” -¥ 8. 28. Prove that: [CBSE 2019 (80/4/8)} 2(sin®8 + cos® 8)-3(sin*@ + cos) +1 = 0 Answers LOH We Gi) © () @ woo 4 12 RES aka 50 6.2 2 i a1 10. cosd = 555 tand = 24, cosee B= 2 18 2a* 12 1. sina wn? 6 ig 8 F 19.9 20.1 22, sin (A +.B) = 3, cos AB) =1 Self-Assessment Time allowed: | hour Max. marks: 40 SECTION A 1. Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. (x1=3) (@ If sin® + cos = ¥'cos8, (0 #90"), then the value of tan 0 is @ 2-1 () y241 © v2 @ -V2 (i) Given that sina = 5 and cos = 5, then the value of (a+) is [NCERT Exemplar] (a) oe 6) 30° (©) 60° (a) 90° mma (@) cos @ sin ® (sec 8 sin 8 (©) tan 6 cot ® (d) sec 6 cosec 8 2. Solve the following questions. @x1=2) @ Iftan =f. find the value of sec a. [CBSE 2019 (80/3/1)) 3 7: Whats the value of wan @? @ Ina right angled wiangle if cos @=,, sin =SECTION B 1 Solve the following questions. @x2=8) 3. Inthe AABC shown below 2x: 2y = g 22. Whats the value of tan x? [Competency Based Question] Fig. 913 cosB=sin® _ I= v8 cosO+sin® 14/3" c0s60° - cot45? + cosec 30° sec60° + tan 45° — sin 30° 6. IfA = 80° and B = 30°, verify that sin (4 + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B. 4, Find an acute angle 8, when. 5. Evaluate: 1 Solve the following questions. (4x3 = 12) 1 1 7. Prove that: = cosecA + sec cos Atsin 4-1” cos d+sin +1 1- cos 8. Prove that: (cosec ® — cot OY" = 47g tan@___ cot _ cos +sind 9. Prove that: [CBSE 2019 (30/5/1)] T-tan8 T= cot cos 10, Prove thar: 2=S8 < (ec 9 —1an 6)? Tea 1 Sotve the following questions. @x5=15) 11, The altitude AD of'a ABC, in which 24 is an obtuse angle has length 10 cm. If BD = 10cm and GD = 103 cm, determine 2A. 12, Prove that: 2sec*@—sec*B—2 cosec*@ + cosec*®=cot*# - tan*6 13, Prove that: [CBSE 2019 (30/2/1)] sin® sin® cot 8 + cosec 8 cot —cosec8 Answers LO@ w@ (iit) @ 2@ 8 w 3 4. 60° 5. -1 11. 105°