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Introcom W3

The document discusses various internal components of computers and mobile devices, including the motherboard, processors, memory, adapters, buses, and power supplies. It describes how processors work through machine cycles, different types of memory like RAM and ROM, and how components communicate through buses. The summary also explains cloud computing services and how devices use power supplies or batteries.

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Hanalyn Dicay
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Introcom W3

The document discusses various internal components of computers and mobile devices, including the motherboard, processors, memory, adapters, buses, and power supplies. It describes how processors work through machine cycles, different types of memory like RAM and ROM, and how components communicate through buses. The summary also explains cloud computing services and how devices use power supplies or batteries.

Uploaded by

Hanalyn Dicay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTER STUDIES

Week 3

Module 1.2
Computer
Hardware
Fundamentals
Inside the Case

• The case contains and protects the electronics of the


computer or mobile device from damage

1
Inside the Case

2
Inside the Case

• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the


computer
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits

3
Processors

• The processor, also called the central processing


unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
• A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or
more separate processor cores

4
Processors

5
Processors

• The control unit is the component of the


processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

6
Processors

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of


four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle

7
Processors

The processor contains registers, that


temporarily hold data and instructions

The system clock controls the timing


of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
8
Processors

• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD

9
Processors

• A processor chip generates heat that could cause


the chip to malfunction or fail
• Require additional cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling technology
– Cooling mats

10
Cloud Computing

• Home and business users choose cloud computing


for a variety of reasons

Accessibility Cost savings

Space
Scalability
savings
11
Data Representation

Analog signals are continuous and vary in


strength and quality

Digital signals are in one of two states: on


or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
12
Data Representation
The circuitry in a computer or Eight bits grouped together as a
mobile device represents the on or unit are called a byte. A byte
the off states electronically by the
presence or absence of an electronic represents a single character in
charge the computer or mobile device

13
Data Representation

14
Memory

• Memory consists of electronic components that


store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Data being
The operating
processed and the
system and other Applications
resulting
programs
information

15
Memory

• Each location in memory has an address


• Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes
(GB) or terabytes (TB)

16
Memory

• The system unit contains two types of memory:

Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory

Loses its contents when Does not lose contents


power is turned off when power is removed

Examples include ROM,


Example includes RAM flash memory, and
CMOS

17
Memory

18
Memory

• Two common types of RAM chips exist:


Dynamic RAM
Static RAM (SRAM)
(DRAM)

19
Memory

• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module


and are inserted into memory slots

20
Memory

• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer


because it stores frequently used instructions and data

21
Memory

Read-only memory (ROM)


refers to memory chips
storing permanent data and
instructions
•Firmware
22
Memory

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and


rewritten
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power

23
Memory

• Access time is the amount of time it takes the


processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds

24
Adapters

• An adapter card enhances


functions of a component of
a desktop or server system
unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals
– Sound card and graphics card
• An expansion slot is a
socket on a desktop or
server motherboard that
can hold an adapter card

25
Adapters

• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically


can recognize peripheral devices as you install
them

26
Adapters

• Adapters for mobile computers are in the form of


a removable flash memory device
– USB adapter
– ExpressCard module

27
Buses

• A bus allows the various


devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time

28
Buses

• A computer might have these three types of


buses:

System Backside
bus bus

Expansion
bus

29
Power Supply and Battery

• The power supply or


laptop AC adapter
converts the wall outlet
AC power into DC
power

30
Power Supply and Battery

• Mobile computers and devices can run using


either a power supply or batteries
• Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries

31
Summary

Types of processors,
Various components Advantages and
steps in a machine
inside computers services of cloud
cycle, and processor
and mobile devices computing
cooling methods

How memory stores


Adapters, buses, Ways to care for
data and described
power supplies and computers and
various types of
batteries mobile devices
memory

32

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