SIT123: Data Capture Technologies

Lab Work Week 6:

Test Motion Sensors for Range and FoV (30 marks)

Today, there are many cheap sensors available on the market, such as passive
Infra-Red (PIR) motion sensors. However, a drawback of these sensors is the inconsistency of
their output depending on the manufacturer, and also how they perform differently under various
environmental conditions.

Due Date Friday 8:00pm, 10th September 2021

Hardware Required
Arduino Board
USB cable
HCSR505 PIR (Passive Infra Red) Motion Detector
Bring your laptop with Arduino IDE installed
A measuring tape
A protractor

Software Required
Arduino IDE

Pre-requisites: You must do the following before this task

1. Attend Class (Lecture)

2. Read this sheet from top to bottom

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Task Overview
In this task, you will test the PIR Motion sensor for range and FOV (field of view) and calculate
its TPR (true positive rate).

Task Submission Details

There are 6 questions in this task. Answer all of them in this word document itself and submit to
unit site.

Steps:

1. Find some open floor space indoors (around 3 m wide and 1.5 m in height) and mark the
floor area as given in the diagram below:

2. Attach the motion sensor to your Arduino board. You can refer to the Task 2.2P
instructions on how to do this.
3. Place the motion sensor connected to your computer at the centre as indicated in the
diagram.

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Q1. Recording Active/Inactive States
We want to find out if the motion sensor can detect movement in each section A1 to A6, B1 to
B6 and C1-C6.
● Open the code for motion sensor used in Task 2.2P in your Arduino IDE.
● Ask a friend to step into the edge of section A1 (the red square in the given image) and
step sideways bit (look at the red arrows), being careful to stay within the boundaries of
A1.
● Check the Serial monitor to see if ‘Active’ states are being recorded. If you can see
Active states, mark that in the table below, and then ask your friend to move the next
section A2.
● If you can see ‘active’ states when they move to A2, ask your friend to be still for a few
seconds until you start seeing ‘Inactive’ states again on the serial monitor, and then ask
the friend to step forwards and backwards a bit, being careful to stay within the
boundaries of A2. Mark what you see in the table below.
● Repeat this for sections A1 to A6, B1 to B6 and C1-C6.

A B C

1 Active Inactiv Inactive

e

2 Active Active Active

3 Active Active Active

4 Active Active Active

5 Active Active Active

6 Active Inactiv inactive

e
(5 marks)

Q2. Calculate the True Positive Rate at .5 m Range

a) Enter the motion data you recorded from A1 to A6 in shared file
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1e3n6oo4L-
dc3kydQDnt3OX8wOU6hed8v_XALm0Xo3LI/edit?usp=sharing
If you did the data collection as a group, only enter one reading per group, with all of
your names in the relevant cell. Copy the table from the shared file and include here,
once there are results from at least 8 groups.
001000000000
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

b) Use the results from at least 8 groups to calculate the true positive rates for the FoVs
given in the table below. You must show the steps of your calculations in the table.

FoV True positive rate = TP/ (TP+FN)

180° , TP = (1+1+1+1+0+0+1+0+0+1+0+1+0+1+1+1))
TPR = 10/16 = 62.5%

120° , TP = (1+1+1+0+1+1+1+1+1+1+0+0+0+1+0+1)
TPR = 11/16 = 68.75%

60° , TP = (1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+0+0+1+1+1+1+1)

TPR = 14/16 = 87.5%

(5 marks)

Q3. Calculate the True Positive Rate at 1 m Range

a) Enter the motion data you recorded from B1 to B6 in shared file
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1e3n6oo4L-
dc3kydQDnt3OX8wOU6hed8v_XALm0Xo3LI/edit?usp=sharing
If you did the data collection as a group, only enter one reading per group, with all of
your names in the relevant cell. Copy the table from the shared file and include here
once there are results from at least 8 groups.

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

b) Use the results from at least 8 groups to calculate the true positive rates for the FoVs
given in the table below. You must show the steps of your calculations in the table.

FoV True positive rate

180° TP = 1+0+1+0+1+0+0+0+0+0+1+1+1+1+0+1

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 TPR = 8/16 = 50%

120° TP = 0+1+1+1+0+1+0+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1
TPR = 13/16 = 81.25%

60° TP = 1+0+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1
TPR = 15/16 = 93.75%

(5 marks)

Q4. Calculate the True Positive Rate at 1.5 m Range

a) Enter the motion data you recorded from C1 to C6 in shared file
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1e3n6oo4L-
dc3kydQDnt3OX8wOU6hed8v_XALm0Xo3LI/edit?usp=sharing
If you did the data collection as a group, only enter one reading per group, with all of
your names in the relevant cell. Copy the table from the shared file and include here
once there are results from at least 8 groups.

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

b) Use the results from at least 8 groups to calculate the true positive rates for the FoVs
given in the table below. You must show the steps of your calculations in the table.

FoV True positive rate

180° TP = 0+0+0+0+1+0+0+0+0+1+0+0+1+0+0+0

TPR = 3/16 = 18.75%

120° TP = 0+1+1+0+1+0+0+0+0+1+1+0+1+0+1+1
TPE = 8 / 16 = 50%

60° TP = 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+0+0+1+1+1+1+1+1+
TPR = 14/16 = 87.5%
(5 marks)

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Q5. Based on the above, what can you say about the range and FoV of
the motion sensor tested? Justify your answer, giving reasons.
(5 marks)
The further to the side of the sensor the less it picks up motion. As we can see for all results the
180 degree is only as high as 62% and as low as 18%, whereas being directly infront of the
sensor the lowest TPR is 87.5%. We can also tell that the being too close or too far can also
cause false negatives and a mid range away from the sensor is most accurate as in the 60
degree range at 0.5m we have a 87.5% TPR and further away at 1.5m has a 87.5% TPR but
being at a mid range of 1m has a TPR of 93%.

Q6. Propose an experiment to find the True Negative Rate (TNR) of

this sensor.
(5 marks)
To test for the true negative rate would be to set up the sensor and let it run. Occasionally
expose it to a stimuli, write down when this stimuli is presented and the result, and continue to
let the sensor run without any stimuli present. Making sure to take note of when you do present
a stimuli so you can prove that the sensor works for its intended purpose and if it does pick up
activity even when there is none then you can confirm that it was a false positive. To find the
rate you would then use the TNR equation of TN/(TN+FP).

SIT123: Data Capture Technologies

Lab Work Week 7: Data Visualization (30 marks)

In this task, we will design and develop visualizations for sensor data.

Due Date Friday 8:00pm, 10th September 2021

Pre-requisites: You must do the following before this task

1. Attend Class (Lecture) & Online Seminar

2. What following resources and videos on introduction to Tableau and how to build
basic visualizations (you might need to provide your details to be able to watch the
videos)
https://www.tableau.com/learn/tutorials/on-demand/tableau-interface

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 https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/guides/get-started-tutorial/en-us/get-started-
tutorial-connect.html
https://www.tableau.com/learn/tutorials/on-demand/getting-started
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2017/07/data-visualization-made-easy/

3. Read this sheet from top to bottom

Task Objective
This is an individual task. You will need to design and develop a visualization for the sensor
data shared here:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ResskTdqMN2Md770ICK99ehIWURBSsgz/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m8uRS9a7UOJrQn2mfCD_XYbF5AJo6JZH/view?usp=sharing

Software Required
Tableau - Available in the lab

Task Submission Details

There are 5 questions in this task. Answer all of them in this word document itself and submit to
unit site.

Q1. What data types can you identify in the two data sets given? Use
the information provided in the lecture, and identify the data types
available in your datasets.
(3 marks)
The data types are. Categorical Nominal (Stamp), Categorical Ordinal (Millis) Quantitative
Interval (Datetime), and Quantitative Ratio (Temp and Hum)

Q2. Select one of the two data sets. Using your understanding of the
given data, identify which visual variables are suitable to be used with
your selected data set. Provide details of the visual variables and your
justification here.
(4 marks)
For either of the data sets you could use the temp/humidity and the datetime variables. As both
of these are quantitative you would use a point for each humidity/temperature value for each of
the datetimes. An appropriate way to visualise the data and see trends would be a line graph.

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As each value for the temp can be connected to another in sequential order, this makes it easy
to see gradients, patterns and sudden changes

Q3. Design a visualization in Tableau to visualise one of the given

data sets. Your visualization does not necessarily need to include all
the visual variables you have listed in Q2. It should however be easy
to understand, and have a clear message. Provide a screenshot of
your visualization here.
(10 marks)

Q4. Use the visualization in Q3 to provide some insights to the sensor

data. Provide the discussion below.
(5 marks)
From the data we can see an initial rise in the humidity, followed by volatility and then the
humidity drops slightly and steady’s out to a flat gradient. Each data value is a point mark and
they are joined in a line graph, this makes it easy to see each points individual value as well as
the overall trend for sections of the graph.

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Q5. Use your visualization knowledge to critique the given
visualization below. Consider the following in your critique:
● Who is the audience? (expert? non-expert?)
● What questions does this visualization answer?
● What design principles best describe why it is good / bad?
● Why do you like / dislike this visualization?
● Can you suggest any improvements?

a) Cattle herd – population changes in Australia (4 marks)

Your Critique:
The audience is for non-experts as it is easy to read and understand. The visualisation answers
how much specific areas of Australia have had their cattle populations change by. Which will
indicate how much meat and other animal products are produced in each area. The colour
choices are good at showing the data, which being an increase and red being a decrease with
white as the neutral is all very intuitive when looking at the graph, even if there wasn’t a key.
The population labels are very crowed, but still important to have. All around I do like this
visualisation as it has a very clear message that is being portrayed and is hard to mis-interpret.

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b) Go to http://covid-19-au.com and check the interactive visualizations (4 marks)
Your Critique:
The audience for this data is Australians who want to inform themselves on the various aspects
of covid statistics in specific areas of the country. This visualisation shows many statistics from
total cases, active cases, deaths, etc. Almost any question someone has will be findable in this
graph. The interactivity allows a much more vast selection of data to be portrayed and does so
without clustering up the image, having popups when clicking sections or zooming in to see
more detail, all add to a better design. There are multiple different charts that are some to
visualise the same or different data in multiple ways. Such as a geochart that’s colour coded
from black - blue - white to indicate an increase in the statistic selected. Line graphs overlayed
with bar charts of various colours to easily distinguish lines that overlap and give an easily
readable key. This form of displaying information is very affective at getting many messaged
and answers across and is readable by anyone that wants the data to be simple, complex or
anywhere in between.

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