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UCLA Math 135 Selected Problems From Differential Equations With Applications and Historical Notes by GF Simmons

This document provides the steps to find the Fourier series representation of three functions: 1) The function f(x) = π for x in [-π, π] has a Fourier series representation of just π. 2) The function f(x) = sin(x) for x in [-π, π] has a Fourier series representation of sin(x). 3) The function f(x) = exp(x) for x in [-π, π] has a Fourier series with coefficients involving sinh(π).

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135 views4 pages

UCLA Math 135 Selected Problems From Differential Equations With Applications and Historical Notes by GF Simmons

This document provides the steps to find the Fourier series representation of three functions: 1) The function f(x) = π for x in [-π, π] has a Fourier series representation of just π. 2) The function f(x) = sin(x) for x in [-π, π] has a Fourier series representation of sin(x). 3) The function f(x) = exp(x) for x in [-π, π] has a Fourier series with coefficients involving sinh(π).

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michael_deguzman_1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UCLA Math 135 Selected Problems from Dierential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes by GF Simmons

Michael Tagare de Guzman February 2, 2011

33 Problem 5 a
Find the Fourier series for the function dened by f (x) = , where x [ , ] The Fourier series representation function is

f (x) =

1 a0 + an cos(nx) + bn sin(nx) 2 n=1 n=1

calculating coecients,

a0 an bn

= = = =

1 1 1

f (x)dx

dx

= x|

= + =

= 2

f (x) cos(nx)dx f (x) sin(nx)dx

= =

1 1

cos(nx)dx

sin(nx) n

= 0

sin(nx)dx

cos(nx) n

cos(n) cos(n) + n n

= 0

From a0 nonzero coecient, the Fourier series of is itself

f (x) =

1 a0 + 0 cos(nx) + 0 sin(nx) 2 n=1 n=1

1 2 2

33 Problem 5 b
Find the Fourier series for the function dened by f (x) = sin(x), where x [ , ] The Fourier series representation function is

f (x) =

1 a0 + an cos(nx) + bn sin(nx) 2 n=1 n=1

calculating coecients, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... by page 248 paragraph 3.

an

= = =

sin(x) cos(nx)dx

1 2

[ sin(1 + n)x + sin(1 n)x] dx


1 cos(1 + n)x cos(1 n)x [ + ] 2 1+n (1 n)

1 cos(1 + n) cos(1 n) cos(1 + n) cos(1 n) [ + + ] 2 (1 + n) (1 n) (1 + n) (1 n)

= 0

bn coecient formula was dened in class as the delta function. So, it is

bn 1n

= =:

sin(x) sin(nx)dx =

1 1n

1 if 1 = n 0 if otherwise

So, the Fourier representation now is

f (x)

=
n=1

1n sin(nx) for n = 1, which becomes sin(x)

34 Problem 4
This Problem set is after Problem set 5

34 Problem 5
Find the Fourier series for the periodic function dened by f (x) = exp(x), where x [ , ] . Hint: Recall sinh(x) = (ex ex )/2 The Fourier series representation function is 2

f (x) =

1 a0 + an cos(nx) + bn sin(nx) 2 n=1 n=1

calculating coecients, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... by page 248 paragraph 3.

an

ex cos(nx)dx
u dv

Integrate by Parts

1 x sin(nx) [e n
0

1 n

ex sin(nx)dx]
u dv

Integrate by Parts

ex cos(nx)dx
I

1 ex cos(nx) 1 [ ( ) n n

1 n2

ex cos(nx)dx]
I

1 1 )I ( + n2 1 1 ( + )I n2 I an an a0

= = = = = =

1 x e cos(nx) n2 1 [ e cos(n) e cos(n)] n2 cos(n) n2 2 (sinh()) 2 but n2 n +1 cos(n) n2 1 I = 2 2 2 2 sinh() n n +1 n 2(1) sinh() = (n2 + 1) sinh() for n = 0

Similarly, bn is calculated

bn

ex sin(nx)dx
u dv

Integrate by Parts 1 n

= = 1

1 ex cos(nx) [ n

ex cos(nx)dx]

1 cos(n) 1 [ sinh() + n n

ex cos(nx)dx]

ex sin(nx)dx

1 cos(n) ex sin(nx) [ sinh() + ( ) n n


0

1 n2

ex sin(nx)dx]

1 1 )I + n2 bn

= = =

2 sinh() cos(n) n 1 2(1)n n2 I = sinh() 2 2n n +1 n2(1)n sinh() = (n2 + 1)


f (x) =

(1)n n(1)n sinh() [ 1+2 cos(nx) + 2 sin(nx)] (n2 + 1) (n2 + 1) n=1 n=1

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