PROGRAMMING IN C LAB MANUAL

Subject Code:

Class: I Year I Semester

Prepared By
Dr. M.N. Nachappa,
Professor,
School of CS and IT,
Jain (Deemed-to-be)
University

1
 PROGRAMMING IN C LABORATORY OBJECTIVE

The course is designed to provide a practical exposure to the students on C language.

It helps students understand the concept of a C program like variables, control

structures, arrays, functions, pointers, macro processor, files.

OUTCOMES

 Upon completion of the course, the students acquire the knowledge to build the

logic and develop a solution for a problem statement in C-language.

 Understand the use of structured program development in C as applied to both

large software systems and to small programming projects.

 Understand the use of arrays, functions, pointers, macro processors, structures,

unions, files

 Understand the use and structure, pointers and files

2
 Program List
Session No. Programs Page No.
1 1. C program to display Your Name, Address and City in
different lines.
2. C program to find the area and circumference of a
circle.
3. C program to convert centigrade into
Fahrenheit. Formula: F= (1.8 * C) +32.
4. C program to swap variable values of two variables
a. Using a temporary variable
b. Without Using a temporary variable
5. C program to calculate the total salary of an
employee given Allowance1 is 33% of Basic Pay,
Allowance2 is 73% of Basic Pay and Deduction is
52% of Basic Pay.
6. C program to calculate simple interest.
2 7. C program to find the largest of three numbers (if).
8. C program to check whether a given year is a leap year
(if-else).
9. C program to find the largest, smallest and
second largest of three numbers.
10. C program to find the second largest and second
smallest of four numbers (else-if).
11. C program to output the next date for a given
date (else-if).
12. C program to find the roots of a quadratic
equation (else-if)
13. C program to check whether a given date is valid or
not (switch).
3 14. C program to output the digits of a number (while).
15. C program to find the sum of all numbers from 1 to
“N” (while).
16. C program to reverse a number (while).
17. C program to calculate compound interest (do-while).
18. C program to convert from (do-while)
a. Decimal to binary
b. Binary to decimal
4 19. C program to find the factorial of a number (for).
20. C program to check whether a number is prime or
not (for).
21. C program to generate first “N” Fibonacci numbers
(for).
3
 22. C program to calculate x^y (for).
23. C program to find the sum of the series (for)
a. SIN(X)
b. COS(X)
5 24. C program to generate prime numbers from 1 to “N”.
25. C program to generate the patterns.
a)1 b) 1
1 2 2 2
1 2 3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4

26. C program to generate the patterns.

a)4 3 2 1 b) 4 4 4 4
3 2 1 3 3 3
2 1 2 2
1 1
27. C program to generate the patterns.
a)1 b) 1
1 2 2 2
1 2 3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 3 3 3
1 2 2 2 2
1 1
28. C program to generate the pattern
a)1 2 3 4 b)1
2 3 4 5 2 3
3 4 5 6 4 5 6
4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10
6 29. C program using functions to find GCD and LCM
of two numbers.
30. C program using functions to convert a
decimal number to its binary equivalent.
31. C program using functions to convert a binary
number to its decimal equivalent.
32. C program using functions to check whether a
three digit number is an Armstrong number or not.
33. C program using functions to calculate compound
interest.
7 34. C program using recursion to find the factorial of
a number.
35. C program using recursion to find x^y.
36. C program using recursion to find the Nth Fibonacci

4
 number.
37. C program using recursion to find the sum of natural
numbers.
38. C program using recursion to count the digits of a
number.
8 39. C program to find the largest and smallest of “N”
numbers using 1-D arrays.
40. C program to sort a list of numbers using Bubble sort.
41. C program to sort a list of numbers using Selection
sort.
42. C program to sort a list of numbers using Insertion
sort.
43. C program to find search for a given number using
Linear search.
44. C program to find search for a given number using
Binary search.
9 45. C program to find the sum of two matrices.
46. C program to find the product of two matrices.
47. C program to transpose a given matrix.
48. C program to check whether a given matrix is
an identity matrix.
49. C program to check whether a given matrix is a scalar
matrix.
10 50. C program to find the frequency of a character in
a string.
51. C program to reverse a string.
52. C program to copy the contents of one string
to another.
53. C program to check whether a given string is
a palindrome or not (without library
functions).
54. C program to remove all blank spaces and punctuation
symbols from a string.
11 55. C program to create and use a pointer.
56. C program to swap the values of two variables using
pointers.
57. C program to find the area and circumference of a
circle using pointers and functions.
58. C program to sort a list of numbers using pointers.
59. C program to concatenate two strings using
pointers and functions.
12 60. C program to create and use a structure for a
student data.
61. C program to add two time periods using structures.
5
6
62. C program to create and use a union.
63. C program to create a file to hold the data of
employees input and output data from it.
64. C program to write a sentence in a file and convert all
lower case alphabets to uppercase and vice versa.

7
 1. To display Your Name, Address and City in different lines.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main( )
{
clrscr( ); // clears the output window

printf("\n Name : Jain University");

printf("\n Address : Jayanagar”);
printf("\n City : Bengaluru");
getch();
}

Output:

2. 8 of a circle.
To find the area and circumference
 Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{

int rad;
float PI = 3.14, area, ci;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter radius of circle: ");
scanf("%d", &rad);

area = PI * rad * rad;

ci = 2 * PI * rad;

printf("\nArea of circle : %f ", area);

printf("\nCircumference : %f ", ci);

getch();
}

Output:

3. To convert celsius into Fahrenheit. Formula: F= (1.8 * C) +32.

9
 Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
float celsius, fahrenheit;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter temp in Celsius : ");
scanf("%f", &celsius);

fahrenheit = (1.8 * celsius) + 32;

printf("\nTemp. in Celsius : %f ",
celsius);
printf("\nTemp. in Fahrenheit : %f ",
fahrenheit);

getch();
}

Output:

7. To find the largest of three numbers (if).

1
0
 Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int a, b, c,L ;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter value of a, b & c : ");
scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);

if ((a > b) && (a >

c)) L = a;
if ((b > c) && (b >
a)) L = b;
if ((c > a) && (c > b))
L = c;

printf("\n%d is the largest number", L);

getch();
}

Output:

11
 8. To check whether a given year is a leap year (if-else).
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int y,r ;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter any year : ");
scanf("%d”, &y);

r = y % 4;
if (r==0)
printf(“ \n %d is a leap year “, y);
else
printf(“ \n %d is not a leap year “, y);

getch();
}

Output:

12
 9. To find the largest, smallest and second largest of three numbers.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int a, b, c;
int L,S,SL;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter value of a, b & c : ");
scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);

L =a;
if (b > L) L = b;
if (c > L) L = c;

S =a;
if (b < S) S = b;
if (c < S) S = c;

SL = (a+b+c) – (L+S);

printf("\n%d is the largest number", L);

printf("\n%d is the smallest number", S);
printf("\n%d is the second largest
number", SL);

getch();
}

Output:

13
12. To find the roots of a quadratic equation (else-if)
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
float a, b, c;
float desc, root1, root2;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the constants: "); scanf("%f
%f%f", &a,&b,&c);

desc = b * b - 4 * a * c;

if ( desc > 0)
{
printf(“\n Roots are Real”)

root1 = (-b + sqrt(desc))/(2.0 *

a); root2 = (-b – sqrt(desc))/(2.0 *
a); printf("\nFirst Root : %f",
root1); printf("\nSecond Root :
%f",
root2);
}
else if ( desc == 0)
{
printf(“\n Roots are Equal”)

root1 = -b / (2.0 * a);

printf("\nThe Root is :
%f",
root1);
}
else
{
printf(“\n Roots are Imaginary”)

root1 = -b / (2.0 * a);

root2 = sqrt(abs(desc)) / (2.0 *
a); printf("\nReal part : %f",
root1); printf("\nImaginary part
: %f",
root2);
}

getch ();
}

14
Output:

15. To find the sum of all numbers from 1 to “N” (while).

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>

15
 #include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int i, num, sum;

clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the limit ");
scanf ("%d", &num);

sum =0;
i = 1;
while (i <= num)
{
sum = sum + i;
++i;
}

printf ("Sum of first %d natural numbers

= %d\n", num, sum);

getch();
}

Output:

16. To reverse a number (while).

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>

16
 #include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int num, num1,rem, rev;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter any number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

num1 = num;
rev = 0;
while (num !=0)
{
rem = num % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + rem;
num = num / 10;
}

printf("\n Number : %d", num1); printf("\

nReversed Number : %d", rev);

getch();
}

Output:

17
 18.a. To convert from Decimal to binary (do-while)
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int num,dec,bin,r,k;

clrscr();
printf("Enter a Decimal number: ");
scanf("%f", &dec);

num = dec;
bin = 0;
k = 1;
do
{
r = num % 2;
num = num /2;
bin = bin + r * k;
k = k * 10;
} while (num!=0);

printf("\n Decimal Number : %d", dec);

printf("\nBinary Number : %d", bin);

getch();

Output:

18
19. To find the factorial of a number.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>

19
 #include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, fact = 1;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter a number");
scanf("%d", &n);

for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)

fact = fact * i;

printf("Factorial of %d = %d\n", n, fact);

getch();
}

Output:

20. To check whether a given number is prime or not.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>

20
 #include <conio.h>
void main()
{

int n, i, flag = 1;

clrscr();
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for(i = 2; i <= n/2; ++i)

{
if(n%i == 0)
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
if (n == 1)
printf("1 is neither a prime nor a
composite number.");
else
{
if (flag)
printf("%d is a prime
number.", n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime
number.", n);
}

getch();
}

Output:

21
23.a. To find the sum of the series to calculate SIN(x).
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

22
 void main()
{
int i;
float x, sum, t;

clrscr();
printf(" Enter the value for x : ");
scanf("%f",&x);

x=x*3.14/180;
t=x;
sum=x;

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1));
sum=sum+t;
}

printf(" The value of Sin(%f) =

%.4f",x,sum);

getch();
}

Output:

25.a. To generate the pattern 1

1 2
1 2 3
Program Algorithm and Flowchart

23
24
 #include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
int i, j, rows;

clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);

for(i=1; i<=rows; i++)

{
for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
printf("%4d",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:

26.a. To generate the pattern 3 2 1

3 2
1
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>

25
 #include <conio.h>

void main()
{
int i, j, rows;

clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);

for(i=rows; i>=1; i--)

{
for(j=i; j>=1; j--)
{
printf("%4d",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:

28.a. To generate the pattern 1

2 3
4 5 6
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

26
 void main()
{
int i, j, ,k=1,rows;

clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);

for(i=1; i<=rows; ++i)

{
for(j=1; j<=i; ++j)
{
printf("%4d",k++);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:

29. To find the GCD and LCM of two numbers using functions.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{

27
 int num1, num2, gcd, lcm;
int GCD(int,int);

clrscr();
printf("Enter two numbers\n");
scanf("%d%d", &num1, &num2);
gcd = GCD(num1, num2);
lcm = (num1 * num2) / gcd;

printf("GCD of %d and %d = %d\n",

num1, num2, gcd);
printf("LCM of %d and %d = %d\n",
num1, num2, lcm);
getch();
}

int GCD(int x,int y)

{
while (x != y)
{
if ( x > y )
x = x - y;
else
y = y - x;
}
return (x);
}

Output:

28
32. To check whether a number is an Armstrong number using functions.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
int num, flag;

29
 int Armstrong(int);

clrscr();
printf("Enter a numbers\n");
scanf("%d", &num);

flag = Armstrong(num);

if (flag)
printf ("\n %d is an armstrong no",
num);
else
printf ("\n %d is not an armstrong no",
num);
getch();
}

int Armstrong(int n)
{
int num, sum = 0, rem = 0;

num = n;
sum = 0;

while (num != 0)
{
rem = num % 10;
sum = sum + rem * rem * rem;
num = num / 10;
}
if (sum == n)
return (1);
else
retrun (0);
}

Output:

30
33. To calculate compound interest using functions.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
float prin, rate, ci;

31
 int tim;
float compint(float, int, float);

clrscr();
printf("Enter prin., time and rate \n");
scanf("%f%d%f", &prin, &tim, &rate);
ci = compint(prin, tim, rate);

printf(" Compound Interest = %f\n", ci);

getch();
}

float compint(float p, int t, float r)

{
int y=1;
float a=p;
while (y<=t)
{
a = a * ( 1 + r / 100);
++y;
}
return (a - p);
}

Output:

32
34. To find the factorial of a number using recursion.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
long int factorial(int n);
void main()
{
int n;

33
 clrscr();
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n,
factorial(n));
getch();
}

long int factorial(int n)

{
if (n >= 1)
return (n*factorial(n-1));
else
return (1);
}

Output:

35. To find x to the power of y using recursion.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
float power(float , int
); int main()
{
int y;
float x, p;

34
 clrscr();
printf("\nEnter value of x and y:
"); scanf("%f%d",&x,&y);
p = power(x,y);
printf("%f ^ %d = %f", x, y, p);

getch();
}

float power(float a, int b)

{
if (b == 0)
return (1);
else if (b > 0)
return (x*power(x, y-1));
else
return (1/x*power(x, y+1));
}

Output:

36. To generate “N” th Fibonacci series using recursion.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int fibo(int);
void main()
{
int num, result;

35
 clrscr();
printf("\nEnter which number is to be
displayed: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
if (num < 0)
printf("Fibonacci of negative number is
not possible.\n");
else
{
result = fibo(num);
printf("The %d number in fibonacci
series is %d\n", num, result);
}
getch();
}
int fibo(int num)
{
if (num == 0)
return 0;
else if (num == 1)
return 1;
else
return(fibo(num - 1) + fibo(num - 2));
}

Output:

39. To find the largest and smallest of “N” numbers.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
int a[50],i,n,large,small;

36
 clrscr();
printf("\nHow many elements:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the Array:");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);

large=a[0];
small=a[0];
for(i=1;i<n;++i)
{
if(a[i]>large)
large=a[i];
if(a[i]<small)
small=a[i];
}

printf("\nThe largest element is

%d",large);
printf("\nThe smallest element is
%d",small);
getch();
}

Output:

40. To perform Bubble sort.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
int count, temp, i, j, a[30];

37
 clrscr();
printf("\nHow many numbers: ");
scanf("%d",&count);
printf("\nEnter %d numbers: ",count);
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
scanf("%d",&number[i]);

for(i=1;i< count;i++) {
for(j=0;j<=i;j++) {
if(number[j]>number[j+1]){
temp=number[j];
number[j]=number[j+1];
number[j+1]=temp;
}
}
}
printf("\nSorted elements: ");
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
printf(" %d",number[i]);
getch();
}

Output:

44. To perform Binary Search.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int n, i, arr[50], search;
int first, last, middle, flag;

38
 printf("\nEnter number of elements :");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter %d number :", n);
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
printf("Enter a number to find :");
scanf("%d", &search);

first = 0;
last = n-1;
flag = 0;
while ((first <= last) && !(flag))
{ middle = (first+last)/2;
if(arr[middle] == search)
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
else if(arr[middle] < search)
first = middle + 1;
else
last = middle - 1;
}
if (flag)
printf("\n%d found at location %d",
search, middle+1);
else
printf("\n%dNot found!",search);

getch();
}

Output:

39
45. To find the sum of two matrices.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], c[10][10];
int i, j, m, n ;

clrscr();

40
 printf("\nEnter the order of the
matrices");
scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
printf("\nEnter matrix 1 elements :");
for(i=0; i<m; i++)
for(j=0; j<n; j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("Enter matrix 2 elements :");

for(i=0; i<m; i++)
for(j=0; j<n; j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

for(i=0; i<m; i++)

for(j=0; j<n; j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];

printf("\nThe new matrix will be :\n");

for(i=0; i<m; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<3; j++)
printf("%d ",mat3[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:

46. To find the product of two matrices.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], c[10][10];
int i, j, k,m, n, p, q;

clrscr();

41
 printf("\nEnter the order of first
matrix");
scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
printf("\nEnter the order of second
matrix");
scanf("%d%d", &p, &q);

if( n != p)
{
printf("\n Multiplication not
possible !");
break;
}
else
{
printf("\nEnter matrix 1
elements :");
for(i=0; i<m; i++)
for(j=0; j<n; j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("\nEnter matrix 2
elements :");
for(i=0; i<p; i++)
for(j=0; j<q; j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

printf("Multiplying two matrices...\n");

for(i=0; i<m; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<q; j++)
{
c[i][j] = 0;
for(k=0; k<n; k++)
c[i][j] += + a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}

printf("\nResultant Matrix : \n");

for(i=0; i<m; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<q; j++)
printf("%d ", c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

42
Output:

47. To transpose a matrix.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10];
int i, j, m, n ;

clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the order of the matrix");

43
 scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
printf("\nEnter matrix elements :");
for(i=0; i<m; i++)
for(j=0; j<n; j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("Transposing Array...\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
for(j=0; j<m; j++)
b[i][j]=a[j][i];

printf("Transpose of the Matrix is :\n");

for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<m; j++)
printf("%d ",b[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:

50. To find the frequency of occurrence of a character in a string.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
char str[100], ch;
int i, count = 0;

printf("Enter a String \n");

44
 gets(str);
printf("Enter a character \n");
ch = getchar();

for(i = 0; str[i] != ‘\0’; i++)

if ( str[i] == ch) ++count;

printf(“%c occurs %d times in %s \n”,

ch,count,str);

getch();
}

Output:

51. To reverse a string .

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
char str[100], rstr[100];
int i, L;

printf("Enter a String \n");

45
 gets(str);
L= strlen(str);

for(i = L-1; i>=0 ; i--)

rstr[L-i+1] = str[i];

rstr[l]='\0';

printf(“Original String = %s \n”, str);

printf(“Reverse String = %s \n”,
rstr);

getch();
}

Output:

52. To copy the contents of one string to another.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
char str[100], cstr[100];
int i, l;

printf("Enter a String \n");

46
 gets(str);
l= strlen(str);

for(i = 0; i<l ; i++)

cstr[i] = str[i];

cstr[i]='\0';

printf(“Original String = %s \n”, str);

printf(“Copied String = %s \n”, cstr);

getch();
}

Output:

56. To swap value of two variables using pointers.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main ()
{

int a,b;
void swap(int *, int *);

clrscr();
printf("Enter two numbers \n"); scanf("%d
%d",&a,&b);

47
 printf("Before swapping\n");
printf("a = %d , b = %d \n", a, b
);

swap(&a, &b);

printf("After swapping\n");
printf("a = %d , b = %d \n", a, b
); getch();
}

/* function definition to swap the values */

void swap(int *x, int *y)
{
int temp;

temp = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = temp;

return;
}

Output:

57. To calculate the area and circumference of a circle using pointers.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main ()
{

float r,a,c;
void calc(float , float *, float *);

clrscr();
printf("Enter the radius \n");
scanf("%f",&r);

48
 clac(r, &a, &c);

printf("Radius = %f \n", r);

printf("Area = %f \n", a );
printf("Circumference = %f \n", c );
getch();
}

void calc(float x, float *y , float *z)

{

*y = 3.14 * x *x;
*z = 2 * 3.14 * x;

return;
}

Output:

58. To sort a list of numbers using pointers.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, a[100], *p;
int , i,j,temp;

clrscr();
printf("\nHow Many Numbers: ");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf(“Enter %d numbers \n”,n);

49
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
p=a; for(i=0;i<n;i+
+) for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(*(p+i)<*(p+j))
{
temp=*(p+i);
*(p+i)=*(p+j);
*(p+j)=temp;
}
}
printf("\nSorted Numbers Are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d \t",a[i]);
getch();
}

Output:

60. To create a student database using structures.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct student
{
char name[50];
int USN;
float marks;
};

50
 void main()
{
int i;
struct student s[10];

clrscr();
printf("Enter information of 10
students:\n");
for(i=0; i<10; ++i)
{
s[i].roll = i+1;
printf("\nFor USN %d,\n",s[i].roll);
printf("Enter name: ");
gets(s[i].name);
printf("Enter Total marks: ");
scanf("%f",&s[i].marks);
printf("\n");
}

printf("Displaying Student
Information:\n\n");
for(i=0; i<10; ++i)
{
printf("\nUSN : %d\n",i+1);
printf("Name: ");
puts(s[i].name);
printf("Total Marks: %.1f",s[i].marks);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Output:

51
61. To create and use an Union.
Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

union test
{
int x, y;
};

void main()
{
union test t;

52
 clrscr();
t.x = 2;
printf(" After assigning value for x \
n"); printf(" x = %d y = %d \n",t.x, t.y);

t.y = 10;
printf(" After assigning value for y \
n"); printf(" x = %d y = %d \n",t.x, t.y);
getch();
}

Output:

62. To create a file for employee data.

Program Algorithm and Flowchart
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
FILE *fptr ;
int i, n, empno ;
float bpay, allow, ded ;
char name[10] ;

clrscr() ;
fptr = fopen("EMPLOYEE.DAT", "w") ;

53
 printf("Enter number of employees : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("\nEnter employee number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &empno) ;
printf("\nEnter the name : ") ;
scanf("%s", name) ;
printf("\nEnter the basic pay, allowances
& deductions : ") ;
scanf("%f%f%f", &bpay, &allow, &ded) ;
fprintf(fptr, "%d %s %f %f %f \n",
empno,name,bpay,allow,ded);
}
fclose(fptr) ;

fptr = fopen("EMPLOYEE.DAT", "r") ;

printf("\nEmp. No.Name\t\t Bpay\t\t
Allow\t\t Ded\t\t Npay\n\n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
fscanf(fptr,"%d%s%f%f%f\n",
&empno,name,&bpay,&allow,&ded);
printf("%d \t %s \t %.2f \t %.2f \t %.2f
\t %.2f \n",
empno, name, bpay, allow, ded,
bpay + allow - ded) ;
}
fclose(fptr) ;

getch() ;
}

Output:

54