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Lesson 6 - Relational Operators - Control Statement

The document discusses relational operators and control statements in computer programming. Relational operators allow comparisons to evaluate to true or false, and control statements like if/else and loops use conditional logic to direct program flow. Examples are provided of using relational operators in logical expressions and if/else statements to evaluate conditions and produce different outputs.

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21 views

Lesson 6 - Relational Operators - Control Statement

The document discusses relational operators and control statements in computer programming. Relational operators allow comparisons to evaluate to true or false, and control statements like if/else and loops use conditional logic to direct program flow. Examples are provided of using relational operators in logical expressions and if/else statements to evaluate conditions and produce different outputs.

Uploaded by

daniellagatmaitan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Programming

R E L AT I O N A L O P E R AT O R S
& CONTROL
S TAT E M E N T S
44

RELATIONAL OPERATOR
An operator that allows you to make comparisons in a program.
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 Logical (boolean)expression - an expression that


has a value of either true or false.
Ex.
 Suppose i and j are integers.
i>j
 Logical (boolean) values- the values true and false
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Relational Operators and Primitive Data Types


You can use the relational operators with integral and floating-point primitive
data types.
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 Logical (Boolean) operators- enable to combine


logical expressions.
44
44

ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
44

ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
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EXERCISE #1(LOGICAL OPERATORS)


Evaluate the following expressions:
EXPRESSION VALUE
boolean found = true; 1. !found
boolean flag = false; 2. x > 4.0
double x = 5.2;
3. !found && (x >= 0)
double y = 3.4;
int a = 5, b = 8; 4. !(found && (x >= 0))
int n = 20; 5. x + y <= 20.5
char ch = B; 6. (n >= 0) && (n <= 100)
7. ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z')
8. (a + 2 <= b) && !flag
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ASSIGNMENT #1
EXPRESSION VALUE EXPLANATION
1. !('A' > 'B')
2. !(6 <= 7)
3. (14 >= 5) && ('A' < 'B')
4. (24 >= 35) && ('A' < 'B')
5. (14 >= 5) || ('A' > 'B')
6. (24 >= 35) || ('A' > 'B')
7. ('A' <= 'a') || (7 != 7)
8. (age >= 21) || (x == 5) where age=25
9. (7 >= 8 || 'A' < 'B') && 5 * 4 == 20
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In Java, a condition is represented


by a logical (boolean) expression;
conditions are either true or false.
44

CONTROL STATEMENTS
 Conditions
 if Statement
 && Logical Operator
 || Logical Operator
 ! Logical Operator
 switch Statement
 while Loop
 do Loop
 for Loop
 Loop Comparison
 Nested Loops
 Boolean Variables
 Input Validation
 Boolean Logic
 Expression Evaluation Practice
CONDITIONS
Throughout this quarter, you’ll see if statements and loop statements
where conditions appear within a pair of parentheses, like this:
if (<condition>)
{
...
}

while (<condition>)
{
...
}
CONDITIONS
 Each condition involves some type of comparison and the
comparisons use comparison/relational operators.
Relational Operators (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=)
 Each comparison operator evaluates to either true or false.
 ==
Tests two operands for equality.
3 == 3 evaluates to true
3 == 4 evaluates to false
Note that == uses two equal signs, not one!
 !=
Tests two operands for inequality.
The != operator is pronounced “not equal.”
 The <, >, <=, and >= operators work as expected.
if STATEMENT
 Use an if statement if you need to ask a question in order to
determine what to do next.
There are three forms for an if statement:
 if by itself
Use for problems where you want to do something or nothing.
 if, else
Use for problems where you want to do one thing or another
thing.
 if, else if
Use for problems where you want to do one thing out of three
or more choices.
if STATEMENT

pseudocode syntax Java syntax

 if by itself:  if by itself:
if <condition> if (<condition>)
<statement(s)> {
<statement(s)>
}
if STATEMENT
pseudocode syntax Java syntax

 if, else:  if, else:


if (<condition>)
if <condition>
{
<statement(s)>
<statement(s)>
else
}
<statement(s)> else
{
<statement(s)>
}
EXERCISE #2 import java.util.Scanner;
public class IfStatementOneway {
public static void main(String[]args)
(if Statement-One Way) {
Scanner stdIn=new Scanner(System.in);
Consider the following statement: int Score;
char grade;
if score >= 90 grade='A';
grade = 'A';
System.out.print("Enter your Score: ");
Score=stdIn.nextInt();

if(Score>=90)
{
System.out.println("Your grade is: " +
grade);
}

}
}
EXERCISE #3 import java.util.Scanner;
public class IfStatementTwoWay
{
(if Statement-Two Way) public static void main(String[]args)
{
Scanner stdIn=new Scanner(System.in);
Consider the following statement: int grade;

if grade >= 75 System.out.print("Enter your Grade: ");


grade=stdIn.nextInt();
Display PASSED!
else if(grade>=75)
Display FAILED! {
System.out.println("You are PASSED!");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Your are FAILED!");
}
}
}
EXERCISE #4 (Nested if-Multiple Selection)
Consider the following statement:

if (FinalGrade >= 98)


System.out.println(“With Highest Honors");
else if (FinalGrade >= 95)
System.out.println(“With High Honors");
else if (Final Grade >= 90)
System.out.println(“With Honors");
else if (FinalGrade >= 90)
System.out.println(“With Honors");
else if (FinalGrade >= 80)
System.out.println(“Very Satisfactory");
else if (FinalGrade >= 75)
System.out.println(“Satisfactory");
else
System.out.println(“Needs Improvement!");
EXERCISE #4 (Nested if-Multiple Selection)
import java.util.Scanner; else if (FinalGrade>=95)
{
public class IfStatementThreeWay System.out.println("With High Honors");
{
}
public static void main(String[]args)
{
Scanner stdIn=new Scanner(System.in); else if (FinalGrade>=90)
int FinalGrade; {
System.out.println("With Honors");
System.out.print("Enter your Score: "); }
FinalGrade=stdIn.nextInt();
else if (FinalGrade>=80)
if(FinalGrade>=98)
{
{
System.out.println("With Highest Honors"); System.out.println("Very Satisfactory");
} }
EXERCISE #4 (Nested if-Multiple Selection)
else if (FinalGrade>=75)
{
System.out.println("Satisfactory");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Needs Improvement!");
}

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