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Odisha History Make Your Fundamentals Clear
Part 4

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Bhoi Dynasty (1541-

(1541-1558 AD)

The Bhoi dynasty was founded by Govinda Vidyadhara in 1541 after killing Kakharua Deva,
Deva last
ruler of Gajapati dynasty.

Govinda Vidyadhara signed Treaty with Sultan of Golconda. North of Godavari belonged to
Bhoi dynasty.

This dynasty ruled Odisha for about 170 years in Khurda.

Mukundadeva a minister of Chakrapratap killed two Bhoi kings and declared himself the ruler
Mukundadeva,
in 1560. Later Ramachandra Bhanja revolted against Mukundadeva.

Sulaiman Khan Karrani attacked Khurda in 1568 AD in which Mukundaeva was killed
killed. Thus,
Odisha came under the Muslim control.

This was followed by Mughal

Mughal--Afghan conflict and Bhoi dynasty continued its rule over some
parts of Odisha (Khurdra region) but their power declined continuously.

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Kalapahar, a hindu general of

Kalapahar,
Sulaiman Karrani brought large
scale destruction to temples of
Odisha in 1568.
1568

He made the victory of Karrani

easier. He was known for
ruthlessly killing the people.

This period also saw the

destruction of many Hindu
temples including the Sun
temple
and especially the Jagannath
temple
and downfall of the flourishing
Oria literature.

Karrani Dynasty (1568-

(1568-1589 AD)

In 1568, Odisha came under the control of Sulaiman Khan Karrani of Karrani dynasty, who was
the Sultan of Bengal.

He was the first to establish Muslim rule in Odisha.

Odisha

Sulaiman Khan Karrani appointed Lodi Khan and Qutlu Khan Lohani as governors of Odisha and
Puri,, respectively.
Puri respectively

His son Daud Khan Karrani was the next ruler of Karrani Dynasty. In 1575, he fought the Battle
of Tukaroi or Battle of Bajhaura or Battle of Maghulmari against Mughals in which he was
defeated.

In the Treaty of Katak, he retained only Odisha while Bengal and Bihar went to Mughals.

In 1576, at the Battle of RajMahal he was defeated and executed

executed. Thus Odisha went in the
hands of the Mughals.

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Mughal Dynasty in Odisha

Mughal rule in Odisha begins with the arrival of Raja Mansingh, Akbar’s Rajput General. In
1590, Qutlu Khan Lohani, an officer of Daud Khan Karrani declared himself independent and
assumed the title of ‘Qutlu Shah’.

Nasir Khan, the son of Qutlu Shah was appointed the Governor of Odisha and surrender the
region of Puri. Mansingh
Mansingh,, the Governor of Bihar attacked Nasir Khan and decisively defeated
him on 18th April, 1592.
1592

By 1593, Odisha came under the Mughal empire and was a part of Bengal Subah.
Subah

Under Akbar’s reign,

reign Odisha was divided into five sarkars, Jaleswar (including Midnapore),
Midnapore),
Bhadrak,, Cuttack, Chika Khol and Raj Mahendry Dandpat.
Bhadrak Dandpat

During Shah Jahan rule, the administration seat was at Cuttack.

During Aurangzeb, Khan-i-Duran was appointed the Governor of Odisha under Aurangzeb
(1660-1667). During this period, he defeated several rebel chieftains and also defeated
Mukundadeva I, the then king of Khurda.

Odisha under the Naib Nazims of Bengal

Murshid Quli Khan-I was assigned with the charge of Naib Subahdar and Faujdar of Odisha and
finally in 1703 AD, he was given the independent charge as Subahadar of Odisha.

Murshid Quli Khan separated Midnapore from the Subah of Odisha. He made revenue
settlement in six Sarkars namely, Jaleswar, Remuna, Basta, Golapara, Malghetia and Mazkuri.

Muhammad Taqi Khan became the deputy Governor of Odisha in 1727. Taqi Khan built a
Qadam Rasul at Balasore having a pond and a garden attached to it. He also attacked the
Jagannath temple at Puri.

Alivardi Khan He defeated Sarfarag Khan in the Battle of Giria and Odisha came under the rule
of Alivardi. Alivardi appointed Sayyid Ahmad as the Governor of Odisha and left Gujar Khan,
one of his trusted generals to assist the Governor in discharging the administration.

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Odisha under the Marathas

The Maratha administration of Odisha effectively began from the year 1751 AD Raghuji
Bhonsle I became the new master of the territory. The Maratha rule started with the Peace
Treaty of 1751.

The Marathas divided Odisha into two broad political divisions:

The Mughalbandi - It comprised the coastal districts and was divided into 150 Parganas and
placed under 32 Revenue Commissioners or Amins.

The Garhjat - This region covered the hill tracts of Odisha and was allowed to be ruled by 24
tributary chieftains, who paid light tributes to the Maratha Government.

Sheo Bhatt Sathe was the first Maratha Subahdar in Odisha. He collected Chauth from the
Nawab of Bengal.

The last representative of Maratha in Odisha was Sadashiv Rao appointed in 1793
1793.

Administration of the Marathas

Marathas introduced the Pilgrimage tax for the first time in the state,
state which was charged from
the visiting tourists. Grants were allotted for repairing of temples.

The temple of Jagannath was brought under direct management of the Maratha Governers
with special attention paid for its preservation and maintenance.

The great festivals at Puri received total government patronage. Marathas were responsible for
popularising Rath Yatra
Yatra.

Important Events to remember

1038 CE - Establishment of Gangal/Eastern Ganga Dynasty

1135 CE - Chodagangadeva shifts capital from Kalinganagara to Kataka

1250 CE - Narasimhadeva I builds the Konark temple

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1278 CE - Ananta Vasudeva temple built by Queen Chandrika(Ganga Dynasty)

1434 CE - Gajapati Dynasty established by Kapilendra Deva

1513 AD - Krishnadevraya invasion in Udayagiri

1522 AD - Quli Qutb Shah’s invasion

1541 AD - Bhoi Dynasty founded by Govinda Vidyadhara

1568 AD - Karrani Dynasty founded by Sulaiman Khan Karrani

1576 AD - Battle of Raj Mahal in which Mughals established their rule in Odisha

1590 AD - Puri and coastal areas went to Mughals

1751 AD - Maratha rule in Odisha
1606 AD - Jahangir separated Odisha from Bengal

1703 AD - Odisha passed into the hands of Naib Nazims of Bengal

Who was the founder of Bhoi dynasty in Odisha ?

A. Govinda Vidyadhar
B. Chakra Pratap
C. Janardhan Vidyadhar
D. Narasimha Jena

Govinda Vidyadhar recognised river Godavari as the boundary between Golkonda

and Odisha by signing a treaty with whom ?

A. Sultan of Bengal
B. Sultan of Odisha
C. Sultan of Golkonda
D. Sultan of Maratha

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Who was the first Muslim ruler of Odisha ?

A. Alla-ud-din Bakhtiyar
B. Mohammad Sayyad
C. Sulaiman Karrani
D. Qutub-ud-Din Aibak

Sulaiman Karrani appointed which of the following two governors of Odisha and Puri
?

A. Nasir and Qutlu Khan

B. Mansingh and Qutlu Khan
C. Baqar and Taqi Khan
D. Lodi and Qutlu Khan

Who/What was Kalapahar in context of Medieval History of Odisha ?

A. A cruel king of Gajapati Dynasty

B. A high mountain with temple at top
C. A kind of pilgrimage tax
D. Hindu general of Sulaiman Karrani

Odisha was divided into how many sarkars under Akbar’s reign ?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

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Under which Mughal emperor Odisha became a separate Subah ?

A. Akbar
B. Jahangir
C. Shahjahan
D. Aurangzeb

Which place in Odisha was the seat of Mughal administration during Shah Jahan‘s
reign ?

A. Khurda
B. Cuttack
C. Puri
D. Ganjam

During whose reign Murshid Quli Khan became the Governor of Odisha ?

A. Shah Jahan
B. Aurangzeb
C. Jahangir
D. Akbar

Which Naib Nazims attacked the Jagannath temple of Puri ?

A. Alivardi Khan
B. Murshid Quli Khan II
C. Suja-ud-din Muhammad
D. Muhammad Taqi Khan

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The Pilgrimage tax for the first time in the Odisha was introduced by

A. Mughals
B. Marathas
C. Daud Karrani
D. Mukundadeva

Which of the following was not one of the five sarkars under Akbar’s reign ?

A. Bhadrak
B. Cuttack
C. Bidar
D. Jaleswar

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