PLASMA

Plasma is the other matter form other than liquid, gas, and solid which formed from gas mixtures of ions,
electrons, radicals, atoms, and molecules. One from the process to generate plasma is by ionization which detach
electron from Hydrogen which measured by electronvolt (Ev). From state matters orders of magnitude energy
are the lists from specified measures on electronvolt which could change the form from the materials like from
ice to liquid from below 273 Kelvin and there is specified value on electronvolt which is the constant to make the
difference from ice to liquid. One from the application from Plasma TV is monitor which is motioned by
Fluoresence which like acrylic painting which accomodated by hardware to motioned the signals from computer
to motion the pixels to move according to the storage device contents. The Making from plasma itself is the initial
process to reach the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)

The interaction with the plasma consist of

ionisation with plasma electrons and ions,

drift of newly created fast ions in the magnetic field,
fast ions with plasma ions and electrons by Coulomb collisions (thermalisation) or charge exchange with
background.

Plasma is the segmentation state matter which is reacted through the temperature change which at each different
ev Electronvolt value could segment the dimension from the matter and combinations on the applications. There
are three different matters which usually common at usual application. That are solid, liquid, and gas. Which
could be differentiation inside the different molecules. At different segments combinations from molecules could
generate the different probabilities from Mendeleyev name particles between each states. So at fractions seconds
the name particle could be different bifurcation at the corelation on the different temperature and environment
particle packaging.

https://tinyurl.com/plasmaoxford1

1. From the first state from matter which is the ice form (within the H2O spectrum) if there is the upscale change
from temperature would yield the electronvolt value which side to side with the temperature change which
unbound the energy to cycling the heat into changing matter which at the specified value would change from
solid matter into liquid matter at 273 Kelvin at 0,025 electron Volt.
[Electronvolt details : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronvolt.
At the change state from energy value (electronvolt) difference there would be the different applications on the
spectrum on the electronvolt value presence which has different fundamental technicality branches for example
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy) ]
2. The second state from matter is from solid to liquid. There would be the unbounding with energy value at
0,035 eV and temperature 373 Kelvin.
3. The third state from matter is from liquid to gas. The liquid would be boiled with the unbounding energy
value at 1 eV and temperature 10.000 Kelvin. From H2O bound with Oxygen and break molecular bond until
remained only atom 2H. The ionized O2 has 8 electrons binding energy.
4. If there is continuous heating on the molecule would change to fourth state from matter become Plasma
(H+ e-) which unbound the Hydrogen electron circling atom become nucleus
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_ionization]

Plasma is quasineutral gas of charged particle moved at medium and interact simultaneously with other particles
with fully ionized plasma which all particles are charged particles

Quasineutral Gas : Numbers from electron is approximately equal with ion proton
Charged Particles [https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/structure-of-atom/charged-particles-in-matter/]
There are two types from particles :
Charged particles : Particles which has the conduct stream from the 2 electrodes (the charge conductor) which
could generate the particles become two poles anode (positive charge) and cathode the other charge.

Neutral Particles
10 eV plasma -> 13,6 ionized hydrogen by collision interaction

Hydrogen : 2H0
Plasma : H+ +e-

[electrode : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode]

Materials to make electrode :

Metal based electrodes include stainless steel plate, stainless steel mesh, stainless steel scrubber, silver sheet,
nickel sheet, copper sheet, gold sheet, and titanium plate.

ZETA mindmap :
https://tinyurl.com/zetamindmap

Hydrogen mindmap :
tinyurl.com/hydrogenmindmap

The particle density from plasma could be classification to other types from applications :
1. High density plasma [Sun] (collisional / fusion) : Fuel and Product the solar nuclear fusion
2. Solar wind (collisionless) : 10 particles / cubic cm
Stream particles from solar consists which flows throgh solar system 400 km / s on average
3. Cometary plasma (collisionless at distance from comet) outgassing neutral particles are ionized -> solar
ultraviolet and collisions with the solar wind
4. Planetary magnetospheric (density 1 / cubic cm) Plasma (collisionless)
5. Ionospheric Plasma (collisional) -> exterior layer atmosphere

There are 3 kinds from molecule bonding :

> Ionic Bond
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf07-8Jhhpc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-wwE6qkcTk
> Covalent Bond
> Metallic Bond

https://ptable.com/#Isotopes/Count

// Nuclear Fusion Materials

To make the reaction need Deuterium and Tritium. These two components are found inside Hydrogen since
those become the part from Hydrogen isotopes.
Hydgen Isotopes : https://byjus.com/chemistry/isotopes-of-hydrogen/

Application Deuterium :
Deuterated Drugs -> molecule hydrogen drugs replaced by heavier stable isotope

Deuterium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterated_drug#Examples
https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/earth/deuterium/

Extraction Mechanism of Deuterium

1. Process saltwater from the ocean to extract the Heavy water (D20) by chemical exchange method.
2. Heavy water is then subjected to electrolysis using Hydrogen Sulphide which results in the formation of
Deuterium Gas.

How to make Deuterium

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXsuYYPIMfc

Byproducs :

Compound Status Beneficial deuterium effect

Discontinue
Fludalanine (MK-0641) Reduce toxic metabolite, 3-fluorolactate
d

Austedo (deutetrabenazine)
Approved Reduce formation of toxic metabolite by CYP2D6
(SD-809)

ALK-001 (d3-vitamin A) Phase 3 Slows the dimerization rate of vitamin A

AVP-786 (d6-
Phase 3 Reduce formation of toxic metabolite by CYP2D6
dextromethorphan)

VX-561 (formerly CTP-656) Reduce rate of tert-Bu group oxidation and in vivo clearance by
Phase 2
(d9-ivacaftor) CYP3A4

VX-984 (Novel cancer

Phase 1 Reduce aldehyde oxidase-driven metabolism
agent)

Stabilize preferred R-enantiomer to obtain mitochondrial function

DRX-065 (d1-(R)-
Phase 1 modulation without PPAR-gamma agonist activity (due to S-
pioglitazone)[22]
pioglitazone)

RT001 (d2-linoleic acid Phase 1/2 Limit lipid peroxidation

ethyl ester)

TRITIUM
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium
Application : Radio Treatment Therapy
Tritium Battery which like permanent battery
https://www.betalight.nl/en/recycling/tritium-battery.html
How to make Tritium Battery :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fOG5IZLECk
How to make Tritium : https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/tritium/628325

Hydrogen elements properties from Nuclear Reactor : tinyurl.com/hydrogenbranches

Neutral Particles Gas

If there is new particle pass through the 2 particles at neutral gas is there any interaction or path deviation or
reaction happen between the particles, if there are no reaction the particle would move to other particle with
Bohr Radius 10^-8 cm. There is the specified value on the density n -> 10^18 cm-3
The motion on the particle characterized by straight lines orbits between collision
The spacing neurals or Δx = 1/n^1/3 10^-6 cm

Charged Particle
When the new charged particle move at the charged particle at gas there is condition when every charged
particle has Coulomb potential around it.

[Electric Force between charges]

[Coulomb's Law - Net Electric Force & Point Charges]
[Speculative code]
[https://tinyurl.com/electricphysics]

Nuclear Fission
The process to join one neutron particle into a molecule which could generate other molecules and emit energy
from the reaction. These the possible generated molecules from the fission reaction from Uranium.
The other molecule which possible to generate nuclear fission is with combining Deuterium (2 isotopes
Hydrogen) and Tritium (3 isotopes Hydrogen).
[The deuterium-tritium fusion reaction (called the D-T reaction) is most likely to be the basic ]
Estimate the Energy Generate from reaction
[Calculating Energy From Fission]
[https://tinyurl.com/energyfromreaction]

Thermonuclear Fusion

The reaction from Deuterium and Tritium which add the Helium isotope 4 could generate the Energy which
could be estimated from this module
[https://tinyurl.com/sofe2023codemodule]

Thermonuclear Power could be applied to generate power with the Energy released.
Here is an example on the Fusion power density application to calculate estimated volume to produce fusion
power
[6b Thermonuclear fusion: power balance in reactors][6.04]
Attempt : [https://tinyurl.com/sofe2023codemodule]
Fusion power density has elements on
¼ * n ** 2 -> where n is the Density
v -> reaction rate
Deuterium Tritium delta Ef -> Energy release from Deuterium Tritium Reaction

Fission & Fusion Reactions

[fission and fusion equations]
[https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-
_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/21%3A_Nuclear_Chemistry/21.06%3A_Nuclear_Fission]