No Load Transformer

Electrical Machine
No Load Transformer Test

EXP. 5
Objectives
❖ To introduce the single phase transformer

❖ To understand the work principle and transferring ratio of transformer
Introduction
The transformer is basically a voltage control device that is used widely in the distribution
and transmission of alternating current power. The idea of a transformer was first
discussed by Michael Faraday. However, the general purpose of using transformers was to
maintain a balance between the electricity that was generated at very high voltages and
consumption which was done at very low voltages.
The transformer works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
and mutual induction.
There are usually two coils – primary coil and secondary coil – on the transformer core. The
core laminations are joined in the form of strips. The two coils have high mutual
inductance. When an alternating current passes through the primary coil, it creates a
varying magnetic flux. As per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, this change in
magnetic flux induces an EMF (electromotive force) in the secondary coil, which is linked to
the core having a primary coil. This is mutual induction.
Overall, a transformer carries out the following operations:
1. Transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another

2. Transfer of electrical power through electromagnetic induction
3. Electric power transfer without any change in frequency
4. Two circuits are linked with mutual induction
Parts of a Single-phase Transformer
Figure 1: single phase transformer
2
The major parts of a single-phase transformer consist of :
1. Core
The core acts as a support to the winding in the transformer. It also provides a low
reluctance path to the flow of magnetic flux. The winding is wound on the core, as shown in
the picture. It is made up of a laminated soft iron core in order to reduce the losses in a
transformer. The factors, such as operating voltage, current, power, etc., decide core
composition. The core diameter is directly proportional to copper losses and inversely
proportional to iron losses.
2. Windings
Windings are the set of copper wires wound over the transformer core. Copper wires are
used due to the following:
● The high conductivity of copper minimises the loss in a transformer because when
the conductivity increases, resistance to current flow decreases.
● The high ductility of copper is the property of metals that allows it to be made into
very thin wires.
There are mainly two types of windings: primary windings and secondary windings.
● Primary winding: The set of turns of windings to which the supply current is fed.
● Secondary winding: The set of turns of winding from which output is taken.
The primary and secondary windings are insulated from each other using insulation coating
agents.
3. Insulation Agents
Insulation is necessary for transformers to separate windings from each other and to avoid
short circuits. This facilitates mutual induction. Insulation agents have an influence on the
durability and stability of a transformer.
The following are used as insulation mediums in a transformer:
3
● Insulating oil
● Insulating tape
● Insulating paper
● Wood-based lamination
Components:
➢ Single phase AC power supply

➢ Autotransformer
➢ Single phase transformer
➢ AC voltmeter
Procedure :
To connect the circuit below :
Figure 2: no load transformer test diagram
1. Connect the terminals of the single phase AC power supply to the autotransformer
terminals
2. Then connect the autotransformer to the primary winding terminals and with an AC
voltmeter
3. Connect the secondary winding terminals to the AC voltmeter
4
Students’ names :
Results :
Step up Step down
V1 (V) V2 (V) V1 (V) V2 (V)
20 40
40 80
60 120
80 160
110 200
5
Discussion :
1. find the transfer ratio for each condition in the results

2. Choose the right answer for the following :
1) No load current of the transformer has ………….
a. High magnitude and low power factor
b. High magnitude and high power factor
c. Small magnitude and low power factor
d. Small magnitude and low power factor
2) In no load tests we keep secondary terminals ………….
a. Shorted with AC ammeter

b. Shorted with AC voltmeter
c. Shorted with DC voltmeter
d. Shorted with DC ammeter
3) The primary winding of a transformer has a 120 V ac supply. What is the value
of secondary voltage if the turn ratio is 10?
a. 120 V
b. 12 V
c. 12000 V
d. 1200 V
4) The noise of the transformer primary winding due to………..
a. Mechanical vibration
b. Cooling fan
c. Magnetostriction in an iron core
d. All of the above

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Electrical Machine

No Load Transformer Test

❖ To introduce the single phase transformer

Overall, a transformer carries out the following operations:

1. Transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another

Parts of a Single-phase Transformer

Figure 1: single phase transformer

The following are used as insulation mediums in a transformer:

➢ Single phase AC power supply

To connect the circuit below :

Figure 2: no load transformer test diagram

Step up Step down

V1 (V) V2 (V) V1 (V) V2 (V)

1. find the transfer ratio for each condition in the results

2) In no load tests we keep secondary terminals ………….

a. Shorted with AC ammeter

4) The noise of the transformer primary winding due to………..

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