International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering

Volume 1 Issue 4 Article 7

October 2012

ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY STATUS USING

NSFWQI METHOD IN SELECTED RURAL AREA OF KOPARGAON,
AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA
V. V. SASANE
SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon- 423601, Maharashtra,India,
[email protected]

V. M. PATIL
SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon, Kopargaon - 423601, Maharashtra, India, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation
SASANE, V. V. and PATIL, V. M. (2012) "ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY STATUS USING
NSFWQI METHOD IN SELECTED RURAL AREA OF KOPARGAON, AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA,"
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering: Vol. 1: Iss. 4, Article 7.
DOI: 10.47893/IJATCE.2012.1040
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 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY STATUS USING

NSFWQI METHOD IN SELECTED RURAL AREA OF KOPARGAON,
AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA
V. V. SASANE1, V. M. PATIL2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon- 423601, Maharashtra,India
2
Post Graduation Student, SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon, Kopargaon - 423601, Maharashtra, India
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Water Quality Index has been calculated for different sources in Pre monsoon period (March 2012) i.e. dug well,
bore well, Hand pumps & Prercolation well at Murshatpur ,Chandgavhan & Hingani villages of Kopargaon Taluka,
Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. This has been determined by collecting ground water 16 numbers of sampling stations and
subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physiochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 10 parameters
have been considered i.e Temperature,pH, Alkalinity ,Dissolved Oxygen, ,TDS ,Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, Fluoride. The WQI for these samples ranges from 226.88 to 799.15. The high value of WQI has been found to be
mainly from the higher values of Alkalinity, TDS, Hardness, Calcium, Magenesium in ground water. The result of analysis
have been used to suggest model for predicting water quality,The analysis reveals that the ground water of the area needs
some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also need to be protected from the perils of contamination.

Keyword: Groundwater, Murshatpur,Chandgavhan, Hungani, Kopargaon ,National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality
Index, Water Quality Standards, India.

I.NTRODUCTION Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system

developed water quality index calculator for assessing
Ground water is the major source of water for water quality.[9] WQI is defined as a rating reflecting
drinking, agricultural, and industrial desires. The the composite influence of different water quality
availability of water parameters. WQI is calculated from the point of view
Determines the location and activities of humans in of the suitability of ground water for human
an area and our growing population is placing great consumption[10]. The objective of the present work
demands upon natural fresh water resources. The is to discuss the suitability of ground water for human
people of India depend upon groundwater resources consumption based on computed water quality index
for survival. Human health is threatened by the most values for Study Area..
of the agricultural activities.[1] Rapid Study Area
industrialization especially in developing countries Kopargaon is a town and a municipal council in
like India, has affected the availability and quality of Ahmednagar district in the Indian state of
ground water due to over exploitation and improper Maharashtra. Kopargaon is located some18 km from
disposal of waste in urban areas. Groundwater is the holy town of Shirdi. Kopargaon is situated at
about 20% of the world resource of fresh water and 19.88°N 74.48°E . It has an average elevation of 493
widely used for various purposes. Only about 1% of metres (1617 feet) and lies at the banks of the
all of fresh water is available from rivers, ponds, Godavari river ,here are around 79 villages in
lakes [2].Use of ground water for various purposes Kopargaon tehsil of Ahmednagar district of state of
are mainly depends upon its intrinsic quality of water, Maharashtra.
hence it is prime important to know the quality of
water resources in the region. The physico-chemical
contaminants that adversely affected the quality of
groundwater is likely to arise from a variety of
sources, including land application of agricultural
chemicals and organic wastes, infiltration of
irrigation water, septic tanks, and infiltration of
effluent from sewage treatment plants, pits, lagoons
and ponds used for storage. According to WHO
organization, about 80% of all the diseases in human
being are caused by water.The major problem with
ground water is that once contaminated, it is difficult
to restore its quality. Hence there is need and concern
for protection and management of ground water KOPARGAON
quality. National

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 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

depicted .It is observed that the most dominant water

level range in the Kopargaon Taluka is 5 to 20 m bgl.

II.METHODOLOGY

Total 16 samples of ground water samples were

collected from selected rural area viz. Murshatpur
,Hingani & Chandgavan villages which is situated in
Kopargaon taluka in Ahmednagar district . The
Fig 1. Location Map of the study area samples were collected from dug well, tube well,
Percolation well, HP during the pre monsoon period
Deccan Traps occupy about 95% area of the
(March-2012) above collected samples were analyzed
Ahmednagar district and it occurs as basaltic lava
for various water quality parameters by using
flows. which are normally horizontally disposed over
Physico-chemical analysis [1] viz.Temperature,pH,
a wide stretch and give rise to table-land type of
Alkalinity ,Dissolved Oxygen, Total Hardness ,
topography also known as plateau. These flows occur
Calcium , Magnesium , Fluoride , Chloride, & TDS
in layered sequence ranging in thickness from 15 to
by using standard procedure recommended by NEERI
50 m. Flows are represented by massive portion at
[6]
bottom and vesicular portion at top and are separated
from each other by marker bed known as bole bed.
Selection of Sampling Stations :
The thickness of weathering varies widely in the
Kopargaon Tahsil: There are around 79 villages in
district form 5 to 25 m bgl. The weathered and
Kopargaon tahsil among nearly 18 villages located on
fractured trap occurring in topographic lows form the
the bank of Godawari river. The economy of
main aquifer in the district.The water bearing zones
the tehsil is driven mainly by agriculture
occurring between the depths of 20 and 40 m are
with sugarcane being the major cash crop of the
weathered interflow or shear zones and yield water
region. Kopargaon has been on the forefront of
under semi confined conditions. However the nature
developments in agriculture with most modern
and density of vesicles, their distribution, inter-
technologies being made available to the farmers for
connection, depth of weathering and topography of
the advantage of cultivation. However, due to
the area are the decisive factors for occurrence and
increased competition, shortage of water resources in
movement of ground water in vesicular units. The
the area and mainly due to politics the agriculture
massive portion of basaltic flows are devoid of water,
based economy has been on a steep downfall. Due to
but when it is weathered, fractured, jointed or contain
intensive irrigation groundwater quality in Kopargaon
weaker zones ground water occurs in it. The yield of
tahsil has deteriorated and found non potable for
the dugwells ranges from 2 to 3655 lpm, whereas that
drinking purposes. Kopargaon Tahsil comes under
of borewells ranges from 500 lph to about 20000
Salinity zone so , Hardness,Total dissolved solides
lph.[5]
and alkalinity ,Nitrate content , fluoride ,chloride etc.
parameter excesses observed higher side as per WHO
and BIS recommendation. For this project,we have
collected groundwater samples from Murshatpur ,
Chandgavhan and Hingani villages , these villages
having population as per census (2011) 3111,738,848
soul respectively [3].
For Study Area there is no any assured surface
source for drinking water purpose therefore,mostly
all villagers depends upon Bore well ,dug well and
Hand pump water for domestic purposes .

TABLE 1: LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF

STUDY AREAS

sr Village Latitude Longitude

Name
1 Murshatpur 19 74
0 0
53‘18.74” N 26‘31.15” E
Fig. 2: Premonsoon Depth to Water Level 2 Chandgavhan 19 74
0 0
52’14.85” N 26’37.67” E
During pre-monsoon the depth to water levels in the 3 Hingani 19 0
53‘ 74
district ranges between 1.44 to 30.00 m bgl m bgl. 04.23” N 0
25’36.28” E
[5]Depth to water level during pre-monsoon has been
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 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

composite influence of individual water quality

parameter on the overall quality of water. [9]
For computing WQI three steps are followed. In the
first step each of the 10 parameters has been assigned
a weight (wi) according to its relative importance in
the overall quality of water for drinking purpose
(Table 1). The maximum weight of 5 has been
assigned to the parameter nitrate due to its major
importance in water quality assessment. Magnesium
which is given the minimum weight of 1 and
magnesium by itself may not be harmful. In second
step, the relative weight (Wi) is computed from the
following equation:[1]
wi
Wi  n
……………………..(1)
 wi
i 1
Where, Wi is the relative weight, wi is the weight of
each parameter and n is the number of parameters.
Fig. 3. Sampling locations in Murshatpur village Calculated relative weight (Wi) values of each
parameter are also given in Table 2.
In the third step, a quality rating scale (qi) for each
parameter is assigned by dividing its concentration in
each water sample by its relative standard according
to its guideline laid down by BIS and result
multiplied by 100.
Ci
qi  100 …………………….. (2)
Si
TABLE 2. RELATIVE WEIGHT OF CHEMICAL
PARAMETERS
Chemical Indian Weight Relative
Parameter Standards (wi) weight(Wi)
pH 7.5 4 0.1667
Total
300 2 0.0833
Hardness
Fig. 4. Sampling locations in Chandgavhan village Alkalinity 200 3 0.125
Chloride 250 3 0.125
Fluoride 1 4 0.1667
Calcium 75 2 0.0833
Magnesium 30 2 0.0833
TDS 500 4 0.1667
∑wi
∑Wi=1.00
=24
Where qi is the quality rating, Ci is the concentration
of each chemical parameter in each water sample in
mg/L, and Si is the Indian drinking water Standard
for each chemical parameter in mg/L, according to
the guidelines of the BIS.
For computing the WQI, the SI is first determined
for each chemical parameter, which is then used to
determine the WQI as per the following equation
Fig. 5 Sampling locations in Hingani village SIi  Wi  qi ...............................................(3)

Water Quality Index: Water quality index (WQI) is

WQI   SIi …………………………….(4)
n
defined as a technique of rating that provides the

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 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

SI index is the sub index of ith parameter; qi is the TABLE 5 . LOCATION

rating based on concentration of ith parameter and n is WISE CALCULATED VALUES OF WQI AND
the number of parameters. WATER QUALITY FOR PRE MONSOON

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Physico-chemical analysis of the groundwater

and the percentage compliance with the Indian
standard [7] and WHO standards [8] are summarized in
Table 3.

TABLE 3. COMPARISON OF GROUNDWATER

SAMPLES WITH DRINKING WATER
STANDARD, INDIAN AND WHO (Pre- Monsoon)

TABLE 4. NORMAL STATISTIC OF WATER

QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GROUNDWATER In this study areas, the computed WQI values ranges
SAMPLES (Pre- Monsoon) from 226.88 to 799.15 and therefore can be
categorize into five types “excellent water” to “water
unsuitable for drinking”. Referring to the table 5 and
table 6 shows the percentage of water samples that
falls under different quality at Murshatpur village.
About 44.44 % of sources falls under very poor
category, while 55.56 % of sources are under
unsuitable for drinking category. The high value of
WQI at these stations has been found to be mainly
from the higher values of TDS, hardness and
alkalinity in groundwater.

TABLE 6: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION

BASED ON WQI VALUES AT MURSHATPUR
VILLAGE

All units except pH are in mg/L Min- Minimum, Max-

Maximum, AM- Arithmetic Mean, SD- Standard
deviation, CV- Coefficient Variation Q1-Median of
lower half, Q3- Median of Upper Half, Med- Median
The computed WQI values are classified into five
types, “excellent water” to “Water, unsuitable for
drinking”. Location wise WQI values for pre-
monsoon are given in Table 5.

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 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

higher values of TDS, hardness and alkalinity in

0.00% Murshatpur groundwater.
0% 0.00% Excellent TABLE 8: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON WQI VALUES AT HINGANI
VILLAGE
Good Water
44.44%
55.56%

Poor Water

Chart 1: Ground water quality status at Murshatpur village

Referring to the table 5 and table 7 shows the

percentage of water samples that falls under different
quality at Chandgavhan village. About 25 % of
sources fall under very poor category, while 75 % of
sources are under unsuitable for drinking category.
The high value of WQI at these stations has been
found to be mainly from the higher values of TDS,
hardness and alkalinity in groundwater.
TABLE 7: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON WQI VALUES AT CHANDGAVHAN Chart 3: Ground water quality status at Hingani village
VILLAGE
IV. CONCLUSION

The WQI for 16 samples ranges from 226.88 to

799.15 All 100 percent of the samples exceeded 200,
the upper limit for drinking water. The high value of
WQI at these station has been found to mainly from
the higher values of Alkalinity , TDS, hardness,
Calcium and Magnesium in the groundwater.About
23.15 % of water samples are very poor in quality
where 76.85 % of water samples comes under
Chandgavhan
0% 0.00% 0.00% unsuitable for drinking purpose. Overall pre-monsoon
from obtained results for Study Area groundwater
Excellent resources are not potable. The groundwater quality
may be got improved in rainy season due to inflow
25.00% Good Water of freshwater . The analysis reveals the ground water
of the area needs some degree of treatment before
Poor Water consumption, and it also needs to be protected from
75.00% the perils of contamination.
Very Poor Water
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