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I.C. Engine Performance Test Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

This document describes an experiment to test the performance of a single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine. The test rig includes a Kirloskar diesel engine coupled to a rope brake drum dynamometer for loading. Sensors measure engine speed, fuel consumption, water flow rates, temperatures and air flow. The experiment involves taking readings under varying loads to generate performance curves and calculate metrics like power, efficiency and fuel consumption. Calculations are outlined to determine values like mass of fuel consumed, heat input, brake power, specific fuel consumption, efficiencies and indicated power.

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Navneet Kumar
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313 views5 pages

I.C. Engine Performance Test Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

This document describes an experiment to test the performance of a single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine. The test rig includes a Kirloskar diesel engine coupled to a rope brake drum dynamometer for loading. Sensors measure engine speed, fuel consumption, water flow rates, temperatures and air flow. The experiment involves taking readings under varying loads to generate performance curves and calculate metrics like power, efficiency and fuel consumption. Calculations are outlined to determine values like mass of fuel consumed, heat input, brake power, specific fuel consumption, efficiencies and indicated power.

Uploaded by

Navneet Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MRCET Dept.

Of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [2016-17]

I.C. Engine Performance Test


Single Cylinder 4 Stroke Diesel Engine

INTRODUCTION
A machine, which uses heat energy obtained from combustion of fuel and
converts it into mechanical energy, is known as a Heat Engine. They are
classified as External and Internal Combustion Engine. In an External
Combustion Engine, combustion takes place outside the cylinder and the heat
generated from the combustion of the fuel is transferred to the working fluid
which is then expanded to develop the power. An Internal Combustion Engine is
one where combustion of the fuel takes place inside the cylinder and converts
heat energy into mechanical energy. IC engines may be classified based on the
working cycle, thermodynamic cycle, speed, fuel, cooling, method of ignition,
mounting of engine cylinder and application.

Diesel Engine is an internal combustion engine, which uses heavy oil or


diesel oil as a fuel and operates on two or four stroke. In a 4-stroke Diesel
engine, the working cycle takes place in two revolutions of the crankshaft or 4
strokes of the piston. In this engine, pure air is sucked to the engine and the fuel
is injected with the combustion taking place at the end of the compression stroke.
The power developed and the performance of the engine depends on the
condition of operation. So it is necessary to test an engine for different conditions
based on the requirement.

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS:

The test rig is built for loading mentioned below:


a. Mechanical Loading (Water cooled)

1. The equipment consists of KIRLOSKAR Diesel Engine (Crank started) of 5hp


(3.7kW) capacity and is Water cooled. The Engine is coupled to a Rope Brake
Drum Dynamometer for loading purposes. Coupling is done by an extension
shaft in a separate bearing house. The dynamometer is connected to the spring
load assembly for varying the load.

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MRCET Dept. Of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [2016-17]

2. Thermocouples are provided at appropriate positions and are read by a digital


temperature indicator with channel selector to select the position.
3. Rota meters of range 15LPM & 10LPM are used for direct measurement of
water flow rate to the engine and calorimeter respectively.
4. Engine Speed and the load applied at various conditions is determined by a
Digital RPM Indicator and spring balance reading.
5. A separate air box with orifice assembly is provided for regularizing and
measuring the flow rate of air. The pressure difference at the orifice is
measured by means of Manometer.
6. A volumetric flask with a fuel distributor is provided for measurement and
directing the fuel to the engine respectively.

EXPERIMENTATION:
AIM:
The experiment is conducted to
a. To study and understand the performance characteristics of the engine.

b. To draw Performance curves and compare with standards.

PROCEDURE:

1. Give the necessary electrical connections to the panel.


2. Check the lubricating oil level in the engine.
3. Check the fuel level in the tank.
4. Allow the water to flow to the engine and the calorimeter and adjust
the flow rate to 6lpm & 3lpm respectively.
5. Release the load if any on the dynamometer.
6. Open the three-way cock so that fuel flows to the engine.
7. Start the engine by cranking.
8. Allow to attain the steady state.
9. Load the engine by slowly tightening the yoke rod handle of the Rope
brake drum.
10. Note the following readings for particular condition,
a. Engine Speed
b. Time taken for ____cc of diesel consumption
c. Rotameter reading.

13 Thermal Engineering Lab Manual


MRCET Dept. Of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [2016-17]

d. Manometer readings, in cm of water &


e. Temperatures at different locations.

11. Repeat the experiment for different loads and note down the above
readings.
12. After the completion release the load and then switch of the engine.

13. Allow the water to flow for few minutes and then turn it off.

OBSERVATIONS:

Sl. Speed, Load Applied Manometer Time for


No. rpm Reading 10cc of
F1 F2 F= h1 h2 hw = fuel
(F1~F2) collected, t
(h1+h2)
sec

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MRCET Dept. Of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [2016-17]

Sl. No. T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

Sl. No. Engine water flowrate, Calorimeter water flowrate,


LPM1 LPM2

CALCULATIONS:

1. Mass of fuel consumed, mf

mf = Xcc x Specific gravity of the fuel (


kg/sec)
1000 x t

Where,
SG of Diesel is = 0.827
Xcc is the volume of fuel consumed = 10ml
t is time taken in seconds
2. Heat Input, HI

HI = mf x Calorific Value of Fuel, kW


Where,
Calorific Value of Diesel = 44631.96 KJ/Kg

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MRCET Dept. Of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [2016-17]

3. Output or Brake Power, BP

Engine output BP = 2Π NT kW
60000

Where,
N = speed in rpm
T = F x r x 9.81 N-m
r = 0.15m

4. Specific Fuel Consumption, SFC


SFC = Mf x 3600 kg/kW – hr
BP
5. Brake Thermal Efficiency, ηbth%

ηbth% = 3600 x 100


SFC x CV

6. Mechanical Efficiency, ηmech%

ηmech% = BP x 100
IP
Determine the IP = Indicated Power, using WILLAN’S LINE method
and the procedure is as below:

• Draw the Graph of Fuel consumption Vs Brake power


• Extend the line obtained till it cuts the Brake power axis
• The point where it cuts the brake power axis till the zero
point will give the Power losses (Friction Power loss)
• With this the IP can be found using the relation:
IP = BP + FP

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