Government Junior College for Girls, High school Section,

Channapatna Town, Ramanagaram District.

10th Standard
SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES (2022-23)
(English Medium-Revised Syllabus)

VENUGOPAL
Teacher in Social science
9980533699

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 VENUGOPAL G.GJ.C. Channapatna Town. 9980533699
HISTORY

CHAPTER-1
ADVENT OF EUROPEANS TO INDIA

I One mark question and answers

1. Which city is considered as the "Gateway of European Trade"?
Constantinople .
2. Which country merchants gained the monopoly over European Trade?
Italian merchants.
3. Which countries made the attempt to break the monopoly of Italian traders?
Spain and Portugal
4. Who were the first Europeans to arrive India and the last Europeans to leave
India?
Portuguese
5. Who captured the City of Constantinople in 1453?
The Ottoman Turks
6. Who discovered the new sea route between India and Europe?
Vasco da Gama
7. Who was the first Viceroy of Portuguese in India? Who introduced the "Blue
water Policy"
Francisco de Almeida
8. Who issued the Royal charter to establish the English East India company?
Queen Elizabeth of England
9. Who was the Royal ambassador from the Court of James I to visit the court of
Jahangir?
Sir Thomas Roe
10. Which Mughal emperor issued the royal permission to English for establishing
First warehouse at Surat?
Jahangir.
11. Which was the early capital city of British in India?
Calcutta
12. What is ‘Blue-water policy?
Having supremacy over sea route instead of land is called as ‘Blue-water’ policy
13. Which are the forts built by the British in Madras and Calcutta?
Madras - St George Fort. Calcutta – fort William
14. When was the French East India Company established?
1664
15. Which is the capital city of French in India?
Pondicherry
16. Who is the famous Governor General of French?
Dupleix
17. The First Carnatic war was ended with which treaty?
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 Treaty of ‘Aix-la-Chapelle’
-
18. The Second Carnatic war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Pondicherry
19. The Third Carnatic war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Paris
20. Which Mughal emperor granted the Diwani right to the British?
Shah Alam-II
21. Who introduced the Dual government in Bengal?
Robert Clive
22. Who established the “World Travancore province”
Raja Marthanda Varma
23. Who said this statement “ We would never give up the trade rights of
Pepper to any foreigners”.
Raja Marthanda Varma
24. Which place is recognized as a center of Spice trade during
Marthanda Varma?
Kochin.
II Two marks question and answers
1. Which Indian spices gained the great demand in the European market?
Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger, Cumin, Cinnamon.
2. What were the effects of fall of Constantinople?
• The trade between India and Europe was stopped
• Trade was not profitable to European traders
• Discovering new sea route to India was encouraged
• The Turks levied heavy tax in Constantinople.
3. How did trade take place between India and Europe during middle ages?
The trade between India and the Europe during middle ages gone true Constantinople.
The Arab Merchants carried the Asian Merchandise into Constantinople. The Italian
Merchants buy these goods and then sell in the European countries
4. Discuss the reasons that resulted in the discovery of new sea route to India
• The Fall of Constantinople city
• The invention of compass, astrolabe and gunpowder
• Demand for Indian spices in European market
• Encouragement given by European kings.
5. List out the Europeans who came India for trade.
Portuguese, Dutch, English and French
6. Explain the achievements of Francisco de Almeida.
• He became the Viceroy of Portuguese
• He implemented the ‘Blue Water Policy’
7. Explain the achievements of Alfonso de Albuquerque
• He laid strong foundation to Portuguese in India
• He conquered the Goa from Sultan of Bijapura
• Goa become capital city of Portuguese
• The Portuguese gained monopoly over Indian trade
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8. Which Portuguese governor won the Goa from Sultans of Bijapur?
Alfonso de Albuquerque won Goa from Sultans of Bijapur.
9. Which are the main trade centers of Dutch in India?
Surat, Broach, Kochin, Nagapatanim, Chinsor
10. Which are the important trade centers of French in India?
Mahe, Chandranagara, Surat, Karaikallu, Cossimbazar, Balasur
11.What are the reasons and results of the third Carnatic war?
Reasons :
• Comte de Lally made an attack on British
• The Seven year war between British and French in Europe
Results :
• French had lost their bases in India
• British become powerful in India
12.What do you mean by Dastaks? Who gave Dastaks to the British?
Dastakats are open trade permission letters given by Mughal emperor to British
13.What were the Causes of Battle of Plassey?
• Misuse of Dastaks
• Mending the fort without permission
• Black room tragedy
14.What were the outcomes of Battle of Plassey?
• This war brought out immorality
• Mir Jaffar became the Nawab of Bengal
• The company gained the exclusive rights to trade in Bengal
• Mir Jaffar paid the Seventeen crores and seventy Lakhs to British as war
indemnity.
15.What were the results of Battle of Buxar?
OR
The battle of Buxar had helped the British to get many benefits. Substantiate
(March-2019)
• Mir Qasim defeated by British
• Sha Aalam-II handed over the Diwani rights to British
• With the death of Mir Jafar the company took over the entire administration of
Bengal
• Dual government was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal
16. What were the Causes of Battle of Buxar?
• Mir Qasim declared himself an independent king
• Misuse of dastaks by British
• Mir Qasim declared all business are duty free in Bengal
17. What is Diwani right?
British had the right to collect the land revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and this
Right is called as Diwani right.
18.Explain how Marthanda Varma Checked the Dutch?
• He compiled an army of 50,000 soldiers to extend his borders.
• He controlled the pepper growing areas and made them to oppose the Dutch.
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 • He wrote a strong letter to the Dutch on the pepper trade
• In the battle of 1741 Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch.
19. Which are the influencing factors for the decline of the Dutch in India?
• The rise of British in India
• Acquisition of the Islands of South-East Asia by Dutch

CHAPTER-2
THE EXTENSION OF THE BRITISH RULE

I One mark questions and answers

1. Who introduced the doctrine of lapse policy?
The doctrine of lapse policy was introduced by Lord Dalhousie
2. Who introduced the subsidiary Alliance?
The subsidiary Alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley
3. Who made a serious effort to bring Madhav Rao II as Maratha Peshwa?
Nana Padnavis
4. The first Anglo Maratha war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Salbai
5. Which is Indian state to accept the subsidiary alliance for first time?
Hyderabad state
6. Who signed treaty of the Bassein with the British?
Peshwa Baji Rao II
7. Who became the Maratha leader after the Third Anglo Maratha war?
Pratapa Simha
8. Why did Peshwa Baji Rao II accept the Subsidiary alliance?
Holkar defeated the army of Baji Rao II because Peshwa Baji Rao II accepted the
subsidiary alliance
9. When did political anarchy break out in the Punjab?
Political anarchy broke out in the Punjab after the death of king Ranjith Singh
10.Who opposed the British administration in Punjab after Anglo-Sikh wars?
Chattar Singh Attariwala in Lahore and Moolraj in Multan opposed the British
administration in Punjab after Anglo-Sikh wars
III Two marks questions and answers
1. What were the conditions under subsidiary Alliance? explain (March-2022)
OR
How did the Subsidiary Alliance control Indian provinces? (March-2019)
OR
How could the British place Indian states under their control through the
Subsidiary Alliance? (June 2020)
● The Indian king had to keep the British army in his Kingdom
● The concerned state had to bear the expenses of the Army
● The king has to have a British resident in his Court
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 ● The King could not appoint any other European without the permission of the
British
2. Which are the states that came under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance?
● Hyderabad, Gwalior
● Mysore, Marathas
● Tanjavore, Awadh
● Birar, Poona
3. Which were the states that came under the doctrine of lapse policy?
Satara ,Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi,Jaipur, stateS came under the doctrine
of lapse policy.
4. How did the doctrine of lapse policy support the expansion of the British Empire
in India?
According to the doctrine of lapse policy if any Indian ruler dies without children,
their adopted children had no legal right over the empire. The princely states like
Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under the control of the
British. According to this policy landlords also lost their rights over their lands. The
British used this policy like a political weapon.
5. Explain the reasons for first Anglo Maratha war .
• The murder of Narayana Rao by his uncle Raghunath Rao
• The Maratha Federation installed Madhavrao in the post of Peshwa
• Upsetting by this Raghunath Rao seeking the help by British and wage a war
against Maratha Federation
6. What are the results of First Anglo-Maratha War?
• Salbai agreement was entered by British and Marathas
• Madhav Rao II become the Peshwa of Maratha.
• Raghunatha Rao got Pension.
• After the Madhav Rao II Peshwa post has been assured to Raghunatha Rao’s
Son
7. What are the reasons for third Anglo Maratha war?
• Maratha family tried to protect their independence and dignity
• Peshwa made an attempt to free from clutches of the British
• Peshwa made an attack on British residency in Poona.
8. What are the results of third Anglo Maratha war?
• Peshwa was defeated by British
• British abolished the Peshwa post
• Prathapa Simha become the traditional ruler of Marathas
9. Lord Dalhousie merged the state of Punjab with the British empire. How?
• British defeated the revolt of Chattar Singh attariwala in Lahore
• British also supressed the revolt of Moolraj in Multan
• Finally Punjab merged with British empire.
10. Why did Wellesley resign to his post and return to England?
• Wellesley’s battle-thirstiness increased the financial burden on the company.
• On being criticized for this policy Lord Wellesley resigned from his post and
returned to England.

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 CHAPTER -3
THE IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each

1. Who implemented the permanent Zamindar system in India?
Lord Cornwallis
2. Who implemented the administration of civil services in India?
Lord Cornwallis
3. Who is the first British governor general of India?
Lord Warren Hastings
4. Who introduced the Police system for first time in India?
Lord Cornwallis
5. Who created the post of Superintendent of Police?
The post of Superintendent of Police was created by Lord Cornwallis
6. When was the police act introduced by British?
1861
7. Which committee recommended a redesign of Indian Military system?
Peel committee
8. When did the permanent zamindari system implemented in Bengal and Bihar
provinces?
In 1793
9. Who implemented the Mahalwari system?
R.M Bird and James Thomson
10.Who introduced the Ryotwari system?
Alexander Reed
11.Name the British officer who supported the modern education in India?
Lord Warren Hastings
12.Who established the Sanskrit college in Banaras?
Jonathan Duncan
13.Which report laid the foundation for modern education in India?
Macaulay’s report
14.Which charter act changed the post of Governor General of Bengal as Governor
General of India?
1833 charter act
15.Which act became the basis for the formation of the Indian constitution?
Government of India act of 1935.
16.Which act recommends the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India?
Government of India act of 1935
17.Why did “Separate electorol college” be created in 1909 act? (March-2019)
To provide separate representation for Muslims “Separate electorol college” has been
created in 1909 act.
II Two marks questions and answers
1. Name the courts established by the Lord Cornwallis
Diwani Adalat and Fouzadaari Aadalat
2. Where were Universities established under the recommendations of the Charles
wood?
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 • Calcutta
• Madras
• Bombay
3. Illustrate the judicial system formulated through the East India Company?
A) Diwani Adalat :- It is a Civil Court which Hindus were dispensed justice as per the
Hindu scriptures and Muslims as per Sharia these courts came under administration of
European offices
B) Fouzadaari Aadalat :- It is a Criminal court under the control of Qajis. They were
functioning under the supervision of European officer. later British legal procedures
were introduced in the criminal courts
4. What were the main aspects of Pitt's India act of 1784?
● Board of controller’s institution was established
● It curtailed the political powers of Indians
● East India company becomes integral part of British empire
● The Government of England is the ultimate ruler of India
5. Explain the reforms of Minto-Marley act of 1909
● The central legislative council was extended
● The regional council was also extended
● Elections are introduced in the regional councils
● Separate electorate college was created on the basis of the Religion
III Three marks questions and answers
1. What were the effects of British land tax policies?
● These systems bring regular income to company
● The company exploited Indian farmers
● Farmers lost the ownership of land
● The British officials collect excess tax from farmers
● The money lenders became strong
● A new class of Zamindars was created.
2. Make a list of the effects of British Education in India
OR
The British education system created a new generation of Indians with
progressive attitudes. Justify.
● English education was introduced
● Indians developed democracy, rationality and nationality ideas.
● Impetus was received for the local literature and the languages
● Indian freedom struggle was influenced by English education
● Universities are established in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
● New social and religious reformation movements were emerged.
3. What were the restrictions imposed in the regulating act of 1773?
● The Bengal Presidency gain the control over other presidencies
● The governor general was authorized to direct exercise control and supervise
other presidencies
● Supreme Court of judicature was established in Calcutta
● Lord Warren Hastings became the first governor general of Bengal
● It regulates the east India company

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 ● Madras and Bombay presidencies came under the control of governor of
Bengal.
4. What are the important features of the Indian government act of 1858?
● The license of East India was cancelled
● India was brought under the direct administration of the queen
● The post of governor general was changed into Viceroy
● Lord Canning became the first viceroy of India
● A new post called “secretary of state for India” was created
• A council of India was created.
5. How does the Government of India act of 1935 become the base of Indian
Constitution?
● Most of provisions in the Indian Constitution are based on this act
● This act allows the formation of the fully responsible government by
Indians
● A federal system of Indian principalities, British Governed regions and
Dominion States was formed
● The federal court was established
● Reserve bank of India was established
● Diarchy was established at the center
6. What are the important features of the 1919 act?
● Lower house and Upper house were formed
● Diarchy was allowed at regional governments
● A high commissioner was appointed for India
● Separate electoral college was extended for Muslims Sikhs, Anglo Indians
and Europeans
● It promised to improve the local self-government
● Provincial budget was separated from Central budget
7. What is the difference between Zamindari and Ryotwari systems?

Zamindari system Ryotwari system

● Zamindars had the right to ● Farmers are responsible for
collect the land tax paying land tax
● Zamindars are the owners of ● Farmers are the owners of land
land
● Farmers are exploited by ● Farmers are exploited by
Zamindars company
● This system is introduced by This system is introduced by
Lord Cornwallis Alexander reed

8. What are the reforms undertaken in the Police system by the British?
• The Superintendent of police post was created
• Every district divided into many stations
• Every station came under the control of Kotwal
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 • Every villages are under the care of Chowkidhar.
• The police commission law was also introduced.
• The police officers were under the powers of Magistrates.
9. In permanent Zamindari system the “Indian farmers were born in debt,
lived in debt, and died in debt. How? prove
• In this system farmers lost their ownership of lands
• Zamindar collected excess taxes from farmers
• Farmers have to work under the control of the Zamindars
• Farmers are exploited and had to live a life of insecurity
• Indian farmers become poor
• Farmers barrow the loans from money lenders to pay heavy tax
Hence we say the Indian farmers were born in Debt, lived in Debt and died Debt
11.What were the main aspects of the Ryotwari system?
● The tiller of the land was recognized as the owner of the land
● The farmers and company were directly linked
● The owner had to pay the 50% of produce as tax
● The Land tax had 30 years tenure
● The British officials took punitive actions to collect land taxes
● The farmers borrow the loans from money lenders whenever crops failed

CHAPTER -4
OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKA
AND WODIYARS OF MYSORE.

I one mark questions and answers

1. Which Mysore Wodeyar death created the various political problems in Mysore
state?
Chikka Devaraja wodeyar
2. The first Anglo Mysore war ended with which treaty? (March-2019)
Treaty of Madras
3. The second Anglo-Mysore war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Mangalore
4. The third Anglo-Mysore war ended with which treaty?
Treaty of Srirangapatna
5. Name the boy adopted by Kittur Chenamma?
Shivalingappa
6. Name rani Chenamma’s patriot soldier who fought against British?
Sangoli Rayanna
7. The Amara sulya rebellion was basically which type of rebellion?
Farmer's rebellion
8. Name the person popularly known as Kalyana swami, Swami Aparampara in
Kodagu who fight against British
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 Putta Basappa
9. Whom will the British appoint as their political agent in Surapura?
Medes Taylor
10.Name the king who is usually presented as the leader of the 1857 revolution in
Karnataka by historians?
Venkatappa Nayaka of Surapura
11.Name the Zamindar who rebelled against the British in Koppal
Veerappa
12. Who started the Mysore Wodiyars Dynasty?
Yaduraya and Krishnaraya
13. Who made Srirangapattana as capital city of Mysore?
Raja Wodiyar

II Discuss in group and answer

1. 18th century in Indian history is considered as “The century of political problems”
why? (March-2019)
• The death of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1707
• French and English involved in Indian politics
• The Mughul empire was weakened
• Political struggles of Carnatic region
• Death of Chikkadevaraya Wodeyar
• The Nawab of arcot, Marathas and Nizam were fighting with each other
2. Explain the achievements of Raja Wodiyar?
• He captured the Srirangapattana from representative of Vijayanagara empire.
• He made Srirangapattana as his capital
• He revived the temples of Srirangapattana
• He offered the “Rajamudi” crown to Lord Cheluvanarayana Swamy
• He started “Navaratri” festival in Mysore
3. What were the contributions of Chikkadevaraja Wodiyar?
• He checked the invasion of Shivaji
• He captured the Magadi, Madhugiri, Koratageri
• He purchased the Bangalore from Moghul military general
• He started the ‘Athara Kacheri”
• He constructed the Chikka Devaraja and Dodda Devaraja Canal
• He patronized many poets like Sanchi Honnamma and Tirumalarya
4. How did Hyder Ali come to power?
• Hyder Ali joined the Mysore army
• Hyder Ali came into prominence during the siege of Devanahalli
• He became success in military action against Nizam of Arcot
• He won the hearts of soldiers and become famous as Nawab Hyder Ali
• He was known for his innovations in arms usage with his Swift actions
• He weakened the power of Dalawayee and sidelined the king Krishnaraja
Wadiyar and established control over the administration.

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5. What are the reasons for first Anglo-Mysore war?
• The prominence gained by the Hyder Ali in South India
• The British started devising cunning plans to defeat Hyder Ali
• The agreement between Marathas, British and Nizam of Hyderabad
• The political disturbances of Arcot
• The invasion of Arcot by Hyder Ali and Nizam of Hyderabad
• The formation of alliance between the king of Arcot and the British.
6. What are the reasons for Second Anglo-Mysore war?
• Political developments of South India
• Failure of treaty of Madras
• The cunning policies of British against Hyder Ali
• War preparations by Hyder Ali against British
• Capture of Mahe by British
7. What are the effects of second Anglo-Mysore war?
• Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war
• Tippu Sultan defeated the British in Mangalore
• Finally the Treaty of Mangalore has been signed by British and Tippu Sultan
• British and Tippu Sultan become friends
• Mangalore has been given to Tippu Sultan
8. What are the reasons for Third Anglo-Mysore war?
• Failure of Mangalore treaty
• War preparation by Tippu Sultan against the British
• The politics of Travancore
• The king of Travancore built a fort in Kochi with the help of British
• The king of Travancore captured the Ayacotta and Kanganoor forts
• The cunning policies of the British
9. What were the conditions of Srirangapatna treaty?
OR
What are the effects of third Anglo-Mysore war?
• Tippu lost half of his Kingdom
• Tippu was the responsible for the war
• He was force to pay three Crore rupees as war damage fee
• He had to pledge two of his children as a guarantee against the payment
• He also forced to release the Prisoners of the War
• The British withdrew the combined force from Srirangapatna
10.What are the reasons for Fourth Anglo-Mysore war?
• The conditions of the Srirangapatna treaty
• The cunning policies of British
• Tippu’s attempt to form an alliance with local rulers
• Tippu’s friendship with French
• Tippu sent an ambassador to France to seek the help of French
• Tippu has forced by British to sign Subsidiary Alliance.

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11.The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was strengthened the position of British in Mysore.
Discuss
• In this war British defeated and killed the Tippu Sultan
• The British, Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad shared the kingdom
• Small kingdom was handed over to Mysore Wodiyars
• The British imposed the subsidiary Alliance on Mysore state and finally become
strong in Mysore state
• British gained lot of wealth through this victory
12.What were the contributions of Dewan K Sheshadri Iyer?
• He become the Dewan of Mysore state in 1883
• He improved the financial situation of the state
• He was responsible for Many new railway lines
• He started the “Mysore civil services Examinations”
• He gave importance to girls education.
• He established the ‘Maharani’s Girls High School’
13.‘Krishnaraja Wodiyar IV is called as architect of modern Mysore’ explain
OR
Mahatma Gandhi called Krishnaraja Wodiyar IV as “Rajashri”. Why?
• He established the ‘University of Mysore’
• He established the Indian institute of Science at Bangalore in 1905
• He established Iron and steel and cement factory at Bhadravathi
• He established the sandal oil factory at Mysore
• He established chemical and fertilizers factory at Belagola
• He had the illuminary services Dewan Sir M Visvesvarayya, Sir Albion Banerjee
14.Explain the method of resisting the British power by Dondiya Wagh
• Dondiya Wagh built a private Army
• He made an attempt to attack on fort of kudulur
• He also made an attack on Shimoga and Chitradurga fort
• He also encouraged by Palyegaras to fight against the British
• The French extended their support to Dondiya Wagh
15.Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight against the British.
• Sangoli Rayanna organized an Army
• He organize the secret meetings
• He develop a sense of nationalism in army
• He looted the treasury and Taluk offices of British
• He made a attack on treasuries of British
16.Explain the contribution of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in freedom struggle
• Puttabasappa was also known as Kalyana Swamy and Swamy Aparampura
• Putta Basappa organised the Rebels
• He declared that tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn
• He captured the government office in Bellary
• He killed an amaldhar and also looted the treasury and prison of Bantwal
17.Discuss the Surapura rebellion in brief
• The Rebel started in time of 1857 revolt by Venkatappa Nayaka
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 • He was supported by representatives of Nana Saheba
• The British suspicious of Kings intentions
• The British appointed officer named Campbell to report on the various activities
of the king
• The officer submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad that the king is
involved in misadministration
• Finally Venkatappa Nayaka removed from throne by British
18.Why did Bedas of Hulagali revolt against the British?
• Implementation of Arms act by British in 1857
• Bedas kept guns as a part of custom
• Bedas of Hulagali lost their traditional right over arms by British
• Rebelled when were asked to surrender the firearms
• British army entered Hulagali
• Bedas were suppressed
• Rebells were hanged till Death
19.Explain the achievements of kittur Rani Chennamma
• She installed Shivalingarudrasarja on throne after the death of Mallasarja
• She also installed Shivalingappa on throne after the death of Shivalingarudrasarja
• She opposed the Doctrine of Lapse policy of the British
• Rani Chennamma defeated the British in First war
• Thackeray was shot dead in battle
• In the Second war Rani Chennamma defeated by British and imprisoned at
Bailahongal fort
20.Explain the revolt of Veerappa of koppal.
• It is an armed rebel
• The exploitations by Nizam of Hyderabad of Koppla Zamindars
• The exploitations of British
• Veerappa rebelled against the British and occupied the fort of Koppal
• The British got help from Nizam of Hyderabad
• The British defeated the Veerappa and captured the fort.

CHAPTER -5
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENTS

I one mark questions and answers

1. How was the 19th century considered in Indian history?
The Nineteenth Century is considered as the Reformation period
2. Name the governor general who brought in law prohibiting Sati system
Lord William Bentinck
3. Who published the journal Samvada Kaumudi?
Raja Ram Mohan Roy published the journal ‘Samvada Kaumudi’
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 4. How did Governor-General William Bentinck support Raja Rammohan Roy’s
fight against the Sati system?
He brought a law prohibiting Sati system in 1829
5. Where did Dayananda Saraswathi start the Head office of Arya Samaj?
Lahore
6. Who wrote the book “Satyartha Prakasha”?
Swami Dayananda saraswathi
7. Who wrote the book “Gulamgiri”?
Jyotiba phule
8. Who started the newspaper ‘New India’? (March-2019)
Annie Besant
9. Why was the “Shuddhi Movement” started? (March-2019)
Reconversion of people who had converted to Islam and Christianity from Hinduism
II Answer the following questions
1. What were the preaching’s of Brahmo Samaj?
• Advocating monotheism
• Opposed the meaningless rituals
• Condemned the child marriage
• It encouraged the women education
• Encouraging equality
• Opposing polygamy
2. Discuss the declaration of Dayanand Saraswati’s “Back to Vedas”
According to Swami Dayananda Saraswati Vedas were truth and Treasure of knowledge
because he gave a call “Back to Vedas”
3. What were the aims of Arya Samaja? (June-2020)
• All Hindus should believe in one formless god
• Rejected polygamy
• Rejected caste system
• Should study Vedas and ancient texts
• Equality of Men and women
• Encouragement of inter caste marriages
4. Discuss the reformation advocated by Sathyashodak Samaj
• The Samaj opened the schools for shudras and girls
• The Samaj propagated the equal right
• The Samaj opposed the caste system
• The Samaj also condemned the denial of human rights
• The Samaj opposed the gender discrimination
• It established the Hostels for girls
5. Discuss the aims of Aligarh Movement
• Propagating women’s education
• Opposed the polygamy
• Encouraging English education among Muslims society
• Spreading western scientific and cultural ideas
• Opposed the Purdha system
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 • Opposed the superstitions
6. Explain how Swami Vivekananda was a source of inspiration to the youngsters?
• He gave a call to youth ‘awake, arise, stop until reach your goal’
• He stressed the significance of the individual his presence and ability
• He condemned the caste based discrimination
• He gave importance to education
• The importance of social service
• He also gave importance to remove poverty and exploitation
7. Explain the views of Ramakrishna mission
• Spreading the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
• preaching the importance of Indian philosophy
• Encouraging to establish a casteless society
• Eradicating the exploitation and poverty,
• Eradicating illiteracy and divisions in Indian society
• Providing education
8. What were the reformation activities of Annie Besant?
• Providing education to all
• She established Central Hindu Banaras College
• She started periodicals ‘New India’ and ‘Commonwealth’ to initiate discussion on
current problems
• She started ‘Home Rule League’ movement to encourage Indian freedom struggle
• Translating The Bhagvath Geetha to English
• She opened the schools.
9. The 19th century is considered as the reformation and new awakening time in
Indian history. Why?
• Implementation of English education
• New class of educated Indians was created
• European concepts Democracy, Nationalism, equality finding root in India
• Educated Indians started analyzing their own society
• British also supported the reformation of Indian society
• Birth of new identity called “Indian” among Indian.
10.Write a note on Prathana Samaj.
• Dr Athma Ram Panduranga was the founder
• It encouraged the education
• Opposed the caste system
• It encouraged the widow re-marriage
• It rejected the child marriage
• Re habilitation of poor people
11.Write a brief note on Theosophical Society.
• It was founded by Madam Blavatsky and H.S. Olcott
• Annie Besant popularized the society
• Encouraged the universal brotherhood.

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 • Encouraged the education
• Opposed the caste system
• It rejected the child marriage.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

CHAPTER -6
THE PROBLEMS OF INDIA AND THEIR REMEDIES

I Answer the following questions in one sentence each

1. What is communalism?
It refers to the split of the whole national community on the basis of religion
2. What do you mean by Corruption?
Misuse of public authority for personal gains.
3. Which are the institutions set up to fight Corruption?
● Lokpal.
● Lokayukta.
4. Which committee is appointed to address the regional imbalances in
Karnataka?
D.M. Nanjundappa Committee.
5. Which program is implemented by the Government of Karnataka for the
development of rural women?
‘Stree Shakti’
6.What is regionalism?
The strong feeling of people in favour of the local area which they live
7.What is economic inequality?
Widening of the gap between the rich and poor peoples is refers as economic
Inequality.
8. What is profiteering?
Profiteering means the excess profit earing trend at the cost of general public.
9. What is poverty?
Poverty is a condition where the people do not able to get their basic amenities
like food, shelter, clothing, housing.
10. What is smuggling?
Importing Goods without paying any tax to government is called as smuggling

II. Three marks questions & answers.

1. How is communalism fatal to national unity?
● It disturbs the unity and integrity of nation
● It ruins life and property of society
● It divides the society on the basis of religion
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 ● It propagates hate-philosophy among religious groups
● It creates social differences in society
● It disturbs the peace of society
● It creates economic antagonism.
● It leads to social unrest.
For the above reasons Communalism is harmful to national progress
2. How can Communalism be tackled?
OR
What are your suggestions to eradicate communalism?
● Uniform legal system
● Equality among all the citizens.
● Practice of secularism
● Support integrity, equality and fraternity.
● Developing healthy national feelings
● Proper secular education
● Political determination
● Healthy media
3. Regionalism is against national development- discuss
• It leads to rivalry among the state
• It leads to interstate border disputes
• It leads to interstate river water disputes
• It develops parochialism
• Its harmful to national unity
• It disturbs peace in society
4. What are the measures undertaken for the removal of regional imbalance?
• Upholding single citizenship
● Dr D.M.Nanjundappa committee has been formed
● Through Article 371 A to J special status has been provided
● Malenadu development committee has been formed
● Hyderabad Karnataka Development committee has been created
● Projects for development of the North -East states
5. Which are the factors promoting regionalism?
• Regional historical background
• Social system
• Economic considerations
• Cultural diversities
• Geographical aspects
• Linguistic fanaticism
6. What are reasons for illiteracy?
• Poverty
• Migration
• Child labour
• Child marriage
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 • Assignment of responsibility of baby care elderly children
• Lack of interests to give education to children
7. What are the measures to spread literacy?
• Sarva siksha abhiyan
• Establishment of national literacy mission
• Launching of sakshara bharat program
• Article 21 A
• Right to education act of 2009
• Special provision to women education
8. What are the negative consequences of corruption?
• It is anti-social
• It is anti-economic
• It is politically unsound
• It is ethically wrong
• It misleads the society
9. List out the different types of corruption practices.
• Tax -evasion
• Hoarding
• Smuggling
• Misappropriation
• fraud
• Violation of rules of foreign exchange
• Professional misconduct
10.What are the measures taken to check Corruption?
• Lokpal.
• Lokayukta.
• Creating awareness among public
• Awarding harsh punishment.
• Sound bureaucracy
• Good political leadership
• Appointing honest officers
11. What are the suggestions to improve the status of women?
● Providing education to women
● Providing Reservation in political field and jobs
● Prohibiting of female feticide and female infanticide
● Prohibiting Dowry system
● Formation of women self-help groups
● Establishment of women commission
● Establishment of women and child development department

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12. “Self help groups have increased the dignity and autonomy of women”. How?
● To share meager resources
● Obtain external support
● Undertake join business
● Manage accounts and bank transactions
● Take up income generating activities
● Earn, spend and save at their willingness
● Loans and subsidies
13.What were the causes that widening gap between ‘haves’ and have nots in India?
• Increasing segment of white collor jobs
• Profiteering
• Corruption
• High salary syndrome in the private sectors
• The operation of multinational companies
• Rich and urban society is reaping more benefits of our national income
14.What were the remedies of removing economic imbalance?
• Land reforms
• Careful fiscal policies
• Healthy taxation system
• Encouraging rural industries
• Labour oriented policies
• Social security programs
• Proper economic policies
• Proper regulation on large industries
15.List out factors that causing over population in India
• Increasing birth rate
• Decreasing death rate
• Raise of long lively period
• Decrease of infant mortality
• Poverty
• Religious factors
16.List out the problems created by rapid population growth
• Unemployment
• Illiteracy
• Poverty
• Beggary
• Housing scarcity
• Health and water scarcity

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17.What are the measures to tackle over population?
• Family planning
• Family welfare activities
• The spread of literacy
• Agricultural development
• Technical training
• Creation of employment opportunity
• Implementation of effective national population policies
18.Population is deemed as human resource-Explain
• Population is essential for economic growth
• It supplies human power to all sectors
• Population is also consumer for all produced goods
• Well educated population is essential for development
• The production also carried by people of a country
• Population also generates capital
19.Make a list of poverty eradication programs
• BPL cards are issued
• Five years plans are implemented
• Jawahar Rozagar yojana has been implemented
• Rural employment guarantee programs are launched
• Pradhana Mantri Gramodhaya yojana has been started
• Proper distribution of wealth
• Proper utilization of resources
20.What are the problems created by profiteering?
• It corrupts society
• It creates economic inequality
• It enhances poverty
• It promotes unethical practices in trade
• It creates inflation
• It exploits consumers
21.Which are factors that leads to profiteering?
• Black marketing
• Hoarding
• Unhealthy market practices
• Spread of multinational companies
• Monopoly of business houses
• Black marketing
• Lack of proper price monitoring
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 22.List out the measures to check the profiteering?
• Proper governmental regulations
• Control of price index
• Expansion of cooperative marketing societies
• Proper taxation policy
• Consumer education
• Consumer protection act of 1986
23.How can we check smuggling?
• Encouraging import substitutions
• Suitable modulation of domestic market
• Suitable modulation in prices
• Proper export-import policy
• Strict coastal vigilance services
• Inter-state trade agreements
24.“Profiteering brings loss both for producer and consumer” How do you justify
this statement?
producers
• It creates duplicate goods
• It brings less profit to producers
Consumers
• It creates economic inequalities
• It enhances poverty
• It leads to inflation
• It erodes large chunk of the income of the consumers

CHAPTER -7
INDIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

I. One mark questions & answers

1. Which part & article of the constitution explain international peace
and coexistence?
4th part & article 51
2. Mention the big country which borders India.
China.
3. Which book mentions the Silk trade between China and India?
Kautilya’s Arthashastra.
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 4. Which region is the main bone of contention between India & China?
Arunachal Pradesh.
5. Which countries have the highest population in the world?
China & India.
6. Which is the latest development that strengthened the relationship
between India and China?
Formation of BRICS group of countries
7. List out the steel plants established in India by the support of Russia.
Bhilai Steel plant and Bokaro steel plants.
8. Which are the two biggest Democratic countries of the world?
India and the USA.
9. Which are the two political Parties of the USA?
Democratic and Republican parties.
10. Which historical agreement is signed between India & Pakistan?
Tashkent Agreement in 1966.
11. Who mediated the Tashkent agreement?
Russia.
12. Which region is the main bone of contention between India & Pakistan?
Jammu Kashmir
13. What is the effect of the Indo-Pak war of 1971?
Creation of Bangladesh.
14. Who aided India in the Goa liberation Movement?
Russia.
II Two marks questions & answers
1. Why did countries need to have good relationships with other countries?
The countries need to have good relationships with other countries because
● To maintain peace and good relations
● For economic gain
● For universal brotherhood
● For sharing culture and traditions
2. What are the reasons for tension between India and Pakistan?
The reasons for tension between India and Pakistan are
● Kashmir issue
● Water and border disputes
● Spreading terrorism by Pakistan
● China – Pakistan relationship
● Military dictatorship and political instability in Pakistan
3. The relationship between India and China has recently been spoiled? What is the
reason for this?
● Border disputes
● China-Pakistan relationship
● China’s claims over Arunachal Pradesh
● Maoist’s terrorism in form of Naxalism in India
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 ● China has annexed Tibet against Indian will
4. India and the USA are two democratic countries. Explain the mutual
Co-operation that exists between both countries?
● USA helped economically in five year plans of India
● 1962 China's aggression, the support of USA strengthened India
● Both nations had good relations in foreign trade, Science and technology,
space and education
● Both nations are bounded by the principals of world peace and support for
UNO
5. Explain India’s relationship with Russia
● India maintains a good relationship with Russia
● In 1962 Russia condemned China's aggression on India
● During the liberation of Goa in 1961 Russia supported India
● In 1966 Tashkent agreement was signed by India and Pakistan with the
mediation of Russia
● Russia assisted India in establishment of Bhilai and Bokaro steel plant
6. Describe the relationship between India and China from Sindhu River
Civilization till recent times
● Goes back to Mesopotamia and Indus valley Civilization
● Acceptance of Buddhism in China
● Business relationship between rulers
● Discussion of China’s silk in Kautilya’s Arthashastra
● Panchsheel principles
● Tibetian crisis
● War in 1962
● Border disputes
● Arunachal Pradesh dispute
● BRICS nations
7. What are the measures taken to improve the strained relationship between
India & Pakistan?
● Tashkent Agreement.
● Shimla Agreement.
● Lahore Bus Yatra.
● Agra Conference.
8 In spite of the border dispute between India and China, how have they
strengthened their relationship?
● India and China have established good trade relationship after 1980
● ‘BRICS’ a group of countries was established in 2015

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 SOCIOLOGY
CHAPTER-8
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

I Fill in the blanks with suitable answers

1. ‘Truly the whole Mankind is one’ is declared by Pampa
2. “Untouchability is a stigma on the Hindu society” is declared by Mahatma Gandhi
3. The practice of untouchability is prohibited by 17 article
4. The untouchability crimes were implemented in 1955.
II answer the following questions
1. What are the legal measures undertaken to eradicate Untouchability explain
● Section 17 of the constitution prohibits the practice of untouchability
● The untouchability crime act was implemented in 1955
● Citizen rights protection act was passed in 1976
● Universal right to vote and participate in election has been provided
● Special reservation in education, political, economic and employment
opportunities
● The act of 1989 permits special responsibilities to the state governments with
regarding eradication of untouchability
2. What Is Social Stratification?
The practice of classifying people as Superior-Inferior and Upper-Lower based on
Gender, Caste, Profession, Class and Race.
3. How has social stratification been created?
Social stratification has been created on the basis of gender, language, height, weight,
colour of the skin.
4. What is prejudices?
Prejudices is the opinion a person forms about another person or community even
Before he gets to know them
5. Name the personalities who tries to wipe out the stigma of untouchability.
• Jyotiba Phule
• Swami Vivekananda
• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
• Mahatma Gandhi.
6. What are the effects of prejudices?
• Impatience
• Contempt
• Disrespect
• Hatred
• Social inequality
• Social conflict
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 7. How untouchability a social evil?
• It is inhuman practice
• It deprived the social, cultural and religious opportunities
• It deprived the educational rights
• It deprived the political facilities and opportunities
• Classifies peoples as upper and lower class
• Humiliates the people.

CHAPTER-9
Work and Economic life

I Fill in the blanks with suitable answers

1. Division of labour leads to Specialization
2. Landless labourers are called as unorganized Labourers
3. Labourers of medical institutions are called organized worker
II Answer the following questions
1. What is division of labour?
The work being done by people depending on their interests, abilities, age,
experience, skill and gender is called Division of labour
2. What is ‘paid work’?
The Labour which provides wages, salary or any other material benefit is called
Labour with payment
3. What is Labour without payment?
The Labour which not provides wages, salary or any other material benefit but gives
mental satisfaction is called Labour without payment
4. What is specialization?
Specialization means achieving sufficient expertise, training and skill in any particular
Field
5. What is the organized labour sector?
The sector which is enrolled as per law of government, and provided fixed wages
facilities within the framework of law is called organized labour sector
6. What is the unorganized labour sector?
The sector which is not enrolled as per law of government, not provided fixed wages
facilities and not within the framework of law is called unorganized labour sector
7. What is unemployment?
Unemployment means inability to get work in spite of proper age, ability and interest
III Answer the following questions
1. Define discrimination in labour?
● Gender discrimination
● Caste discrimination
● Region discrimination
● Religion discrimination
● Discrimination in wages
● Gender discrimination
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 2. What is the Division of Labour? Which factors influence the division of labour?
The work being done by people depending on their skill, abilities, age etc. is called
Division of Labour.
Factors influence the division of labour
● Age
● Skill
● Ability
● Interest
● Gender
● Expertise
3.What are the causes for unemployment?
• Over population
• Mechanization
• Division of labour
• Social inequality
• Insufficient capital
• Illiteracy
8. What are the effects of unemployment?
• Poverty
• Ill-health
• Crimes
• Corruption
• Family disintegration
• Deception
• Prostitution
9. What are the remedies for unemployment?
• Population control
• Agricultural control
• Industrial development
• Educational reforms
• Five years plans
• Employment guarantee program
5 Write the difference between organized workers and unorganized workers
Organized workers Unorganized workers
• They have fixed wages • They don’t have fixed wages
• They have Leave facilities • They don’t have Leave facilities
• They are bounded by Rules • They don’t are bounded by Rules
• They have medical facilities • They don’t have medical facilities
• They need Education • They don’t need Education
qualification qualification.
• Example- police , Teacher • Example- Farmer, Street wenders

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 8 What are the problems faced by unorganized sector workers?
● Lack of allowances
● Lack of job security
● Lack of legal framework
● Child labour
● Physical and mental exploitation
● Lack of specific wages

Geography

CHAPTER -I0
INDIA-GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. What is India's total geographical area?
32.87.263 sq km.
2. Which Latitude is passed in the middle part of India?
Tropic of Cancer / 23½° North latitude.
4. Which longitude is considered as India's central meridian?
82 ½ ° East Longitude.
5. Which country lies in the south of India?
Sri Lanka
6. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India
The mainland of India extends from 80.4’ to 370.6’ North latitude and from 680.7’ to
970.25’ east longitude
7. Which is the southernmost point of main land of India?
The Southernmost point of India is Indira Point which located at 60 45’ north latitude
8. Which is the southern tip of main land of India?
Kanyakumari
9. In which island is Indira point located?
Great Nicobar island
10.The name “India” derived from which river?
River Indus,
11.What is the other name of outer Himalayas?
Siwalik range is the other name of outer Himalayas
12.What do you mean by Doons?
The narrow strips plains or valleys of Siwalik ranges are known as Doons
13.Which is the highest mountain peak of India?
Mount Godwin Austin or K2 is the highest mountain peak of India
14.Which is the recently formed land mass of India?
Shiwaliks are the recently formed land mass of India
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 15.Which is the highest peak of South India?
Anamudi
16.Name the birth place of river Ganga?
Gangotri glacier is the birth place of river Ganga
17.What is “Trans Himalayas”?
The ranga of fold mountains lying to the north of the greater Himalayas is called as
Trans himalayas
18.Where do the Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats?
Nilgiri Hills
19.Which type of soil is deposited in the Northern great plain?
Alluvial soil
20.Write another name of the Himalayan Foothills?
Siwalik Ranges
21.Give an example of doons.
Dehradun
22.What is the other name of western Ghats in Karnataka?
Sahyadri is the other name of western ghats in Karnataka
23.What are the names of the west coast in different states of India?
Malabar (Kerala), Canara (Karnataka) .The Konkan (Goa, Maharashtra)
24. What are the names of Eastern coast in different states of India?
Coramandal (Tamil Nadu), Northern Circar (Orissa, Bengal).
25.In which part of Asian continent is India located?
South east
26.In which hemisphere of the earth is India located
Northern hemisphere
II ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Which are the main physiographic divisions of India?
● The greater Himalayas
● The northern great plain
● The peninsular plateau
● The coastal plains
2. The northern Great plains are called as deposited plain. Why?
The northern plains are called as deposited plains because they formed by the
deposition of alluvial soil which brought down by the rivers which rise in the
Himalayas.
3. Which is the largest and most ancient physiographic division of India?
Peninsular plateau
4. What is the economic importance of the Peninsular plateau?
The Peninsular plateau has a great economic importance, they are
● It has rich deposits of minerals
● It is the birthplace of many south Indian rivers
● It has thick forests and biodiversity
● It is suitable for generation of Hydro-electricity

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 5. What are the advantages of Himalayas?
● They act as natural frontiers
● They prevent cold winds from central Asia
● They obstruct rain bearing winds and causes heavy rain
● They have thick forests
6. Write about Shiwalik range.
The Shiwalik ranges are
• These are the most recently formed landmass
• They have lesser height
• They also called as ‘foothills of Himalayas’
• They have the narrow strips of plains Doons
7. Explain the extend of peninsular plateau.
The peninsular plateau stretches from the south of the Sutlej-Ganga plains upto the
Indian ocean in the south. And western ghats in the west to eastern ghats in east
8. Distinguish the difference between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats

Western Ghats Eastern Ghats

• They are Continuous • They are not Continuous
• They Near to Arabian Sea • They Near to Bay of Bengal
• They are the birth place of • They are the breakdown by
Southern India River Valleys
• They have Hill stations • They don’t have Hill stations

9. Distinguish the difference between the Western Coast and the Eastern Coast
Western Coast Eastern Coast
• They are near to Arabian Sea • They Near to Bay of Bengal
• They have Back Waters • They have Lagoons
• Extended from Rann of kutch • Extended from River
to Kanyakumari Subarnarekha to Kanyakumari
• It is broader • It is not broader

CHAPTER -11
INDIA -SEASONS

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Which type of climate is found in India?
Tropical Monsoon Climate
2. During the Summer Season the temperature is high in India. Why?
During this season the Sun’s rays fall vertically over the Northern Hemisphere. Hence
the temperature is high in India.

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 3. The highest temperature recorded in North India during the summer season.
Why?
Long day and distance away from the sea.
4. Which is the hottest place in India?
Ganganagar
5. What is the reason for rainfall at some places in India during April-May?
Due to Local temperature and winds.
7. What is the name of rainfall that falls in April-May (convectional rain) in
Kerala?
Mango showers
7. What is the name of rainfall that falls in April-May in Bengal?
Kalabaisakhi
8. What is the name of rainfall that falls in the month of April-May in Karnataka?
Coffee blossom
9. Which season brings the highest rainfall in India?
Southwest monsoon season or rainy season
10. Which season brings the highest rainfall in Tamil Nadu?
The north east monsoon season or Retreating monsoon season.
11. The south west monsoon starts to retreat in early October. Why?
In early October due to decrease of temperature, low pressure area is gradually
replaced by high pressure over the land mass. A low pressure area is developed over
the Bay of Bengal.
12. Which is the lowest rainfall season in India?
Winter season
13. Which is the lowest rainfall place in India?
'Ruyli' in Jaisalmer of Rajasthan.
14. Which is the highest rainfall place in India?
Meghalaya's ‘Mawsynram’
15. Which country's agriculture is gambling with monsoon Rain?
India
16. What do you mean by monsoon winds?
The wind which change their direction according to season are known as Monsoon
winds
1. Which season is generally called the rainy season?
South-west monsoon season is generally called the rainy season
2. Name the desert found in India
Thar desert
II Answer the following questions
1. Which are the factors that influence the climate of India?
OR
Why does the climate of India vary from one region to another? (March-2019)
● Latitude, height from the sea level,
● Distance from the sea,
● Direction of winds,
● Mountain ranges,
● Ocean currents
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 These are the factors that influence the climate of India
2. Which are the important seasons of Indian climate?
● Summer season
● South-west monsoon season
● Retreating monsoon season
● Winter season
3. Explain the process of the south-west monsoons
● Because of high temperature low pressure area developed in central India
● On other hand there is high pressure over Indian Ocean
● Hence moisture laden winds blow from south-west towards India
● They bring rainfall to different parts of India
4. Explain the weather condition in summer season
● In this season Sun rays fall perpendicular in the northern hemisphere
● Hence India recorded highest temperature
● The days are quite long
● Convectional rain occurs locally in some parts of country
5. Mention the areas with low rainfall in India
● Kutch regions
● Thar desert and adjoining areas like western Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat
● Jammu and Kashmir
● Interior Karnataka
● Ruyly in Rajasthan
6. Mention the highest rainfall areas in India.
● The western areas of Western Ghats
● Assam and other eastern states
● North eastern India, Mawsynram
● west Bengal.
7. What are the features of winter season in India?
• India gets oblique rays of the Sun
• Temperature and humidity are low
• It starts from December and continues till February end
• Cool in north and warm in South
8. Write the difference between two branches of Monsoon winds.
Arabian sea branch Bay of Bengal branch
• Blow over Arabian sea • Blow over Bay of Bengal Sea
• Brings rains to western Ghats • Brings rains to northern India
• Rain decreases towards eastern • Rain decreases towards north-
slopes east

9. List out convectional rains in different states of India.

Andhis-Uttar Pradesh
Kalabaisakhis-West Bengal
Mango Showers- Kerela
Coffee blossom- Karnataka
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 10.“Indian agriculture gambling with the monsoon winds” Discuss.
• The south-west Monsoon controls the agriculture of India
• The failure of agriculture leads to drought
• The heavy rain also leads to floods
• The rain is uncertain and unevenly distributed.
Hence we say ‘Indian agriculture gambling with the monsoon winds’.

CHAPTER-12
SOILS OF INDIA

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. How did soil form?
Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks under different types of climate.
2. Why black soil called as black cotton soil?
Black soil is best suitable for cotton cultivation hence it is called as black cotton soil
3. Name the crops grown in laterite soil?
Coffee and Tea
4. What is a Deccan trap?
The area of black soil is called as Deccan trap
5. What is alluvial soil?
The soil that is composed of alluvium is called alluvial soil.
6. What kind of soil found in northern plains?
Alluvial soil
7. What are the other names of black soil?
Regur soil and black cotton soil
8. How can black soil be formed?
Black soil can be formed by the weathering of the igneous rock
9. Where do we find laterite soil?
Laterite soil is found normally in the areas receiving more than 200 cms of rainfall
10.‘Laterite soil also looks red in colour’. Why?
Because of heavy rainfall the minerals of the soil get washed off leaving behind ferric
oxide and aluminum in the surface soil. Hence this soil also looks red in colour
11.Laterite soil is less fertile and lack of nitrogen and minerals. Why?
The minerals dissolved in the rain water percolate to deeper layer of the soil and
insoluble oxides of iron and aluminum are found in the top layer
12.Desert soil is not suitable for agriculture. Why?
In the desert soil water percolates easily without retentive and moisture get reduced
13.Where did desert soil can be formed?
Desert soil are formed in the regions of less rainfall and high temperature
14.What is soil erosion?
Soil erosion refers to the removal of top soil by natural agents.
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15.What were the features of black soil?
• It is formed by the weathering of the igneous rock
• It contains more of clay particles
• It is fertile
• It is capable of retaining water
• This soil is more of lime and
• Magnesium carbonates
16.Which crop can be grown better in the black soil?
• Cotton
• Jowar
• Wheat
• Onion
• Oil seeds
• Lemon
17.Which crop can be grown better in the red soil?
• Ragi
• Tobacco
• Oil seeds
• Paddy
• Sugarcane
• Cotton
18.Black soil is suitable for dry farming. Why? (March-2019)
• It contains more of clay particles
• It is fertile
• It is capable of retaining water
19.Which are the major types of soils found in India?
• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red soil
• Laterite soil
• Desert soil
• Mountain soil
20.Explain the distribution of Black soil in India
Black soils are largely distributed in Deccan Basalt Trap region including
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Northern part of Karnataka, Gujarat
and Tamil Nadu
21.What is soil erosion and soil conservation?
Transportation of surface soil by various natural forces (winds, waves) is called soil
erosion
Prevention of soil from erosion and protecting of fertility of the soil is known as soil
Conservation
22.Mention the main causes of soil erosion?
● Deforestation
● Overgrazing
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 ● Over irrigation
● Manufacturing of bricks, tiles and pots
● Unscientific methods of cultivation
● landslides
23. What are the effects of soil erosion?
● It leads to accumulation of silt in the river beds and causing floods
● With accumulation of silt in river, it changes the river course
● Due to accumulation of silt, the storage capacity of reservoirs got reduced
● Due to the loss of fertility the agriculture production got reduced
24.List out the methods of soil conservation
● Contour ploughing
● Encouragement of afforestation
● Control of livestock grazing
● Construction of check dams
● Planned use of water
● Construction of bunds around agriculture land
25.Write the different crops cultivated in alluvial soil
• Paddy
• Wheat
• Sugarcane
• Cotton

CHAPTER-13
INDIA FOREST RESOURCES

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. What do you mean by forest?
A large area of land covered with trees and undergrowth naturally is called forest or
natural vegetation
2. How much of area is under forests in India?
India has approximately 6.9 lakh km2 or 21.2% of total geographical area of forfest
3. Name the area where Desert vegetation is found in India
The Desert vegetation founds in Punjab, Haryana, Rajastan and Deccan plateau
4. What do you mean by forest conservation?
Protecting the forest from disease, human being, animals is known as forest
conservation.
5. Which type of forest is found in the Himalayas?
Alpine type of Forests
6. Which forests are most commonly found in the river delta of eastern coast?
(March- 2019)
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 Mangrove Forests
7. In which state is the Nagarjuna Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary located?
Andhra Pradesh state.
8. Which type of forest shed their lives during spring and early summer?
Deciduous monsoon forests.
9. Which state has the largest area under forests? (March-2019)
Madhya Pradesh
10.Which state has the lowest area under forests?
Haryana state
11. Wildlife sanctuaries are set up in India. Why?
Wildlife sanctuaries have been set up to protect animals in their natural habitat
12.Which types of forests are found in high rainfall areas?
Evergreen forest
13.Which types of forest are wildly distributed in India?
Deciduous monsoon forest
14.Monsoon forest are called as deciduous forests. Why?
The trees in this forest shed their leaves during dry winters. Because monsoon forest
is called as deciduous forests
15.Why evergreen forest called as evergreen forest?
The trees are always green in this forest, since this forest are called as evergreen
forest
16.Name the grass grown in tropical grassland.
Babool, Seesum and Sabhai
17.How is mangrove forest are formed?
Mangrove forests are formed due to tides
18.Mangrove forest of Ganga basin are known as ‘Sundarbans’. Why?
The ‘Sundari’ trees are plenty in mangrove forest of Ganga basin, hence Mangrove
forests of Ganga basin are known as ‘Sundarbans’
19. Where did mangrove forest are found?
Mangrove forest are found along the deltas and coastal regions and estuaries of rivers
that are subjected tides
20.What is the main features of desert forest?
The plants are deep-rooted and consists mainly of thorny shrubs
21.Which is first Biosphere reserve of India?
Panna and Seshachalam Nilgiri was the first Biosphere reserve of India.
22.Which is first national park of India?
Jim Corbett National park (Uttaranchal) is the first National park of India
23.Where do we find pointed leaves tree?
We found pointed leaves trees in Alpine forests of Himalayas.
II. Answer the following questions
1. Which are the ecological factors influencing the growth of forest?
• Temperature
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 • Rain
• Land forms
• Soil
2. Indian forests are gradually decreasing -Give reasons
• Expansion of agriculture
• Animal grazing
• Construction of roads and railways
• Irrigation projects
• Forest fire
• Mining in forest areas
3. Mention the methods of conservation of forest?
● Control of forest fire
● Control of deforestation
● Motivating publics to plant saplings
● Guarding against illegal cutting of trees
● Avoiding grazing of domestic animals in forest
● Control of forest insects and diseases
4. Name the National Parks of Karnataka
● Bandipur national park
● Nagara Hole national park
● Bannerghatta national park
5. How many types of natural vegetation are found in India? Which are they?
Six types of natural vegetation found in India. They are
a. Evergreen forest
b. Deciduous monsoon forest
c. Tropical Grasslands
d. Mangrove forest
e. Desert vegetation
f. Alpine forest of Himalayas
6. Explain the characteristics of deciduous forest of India
● They are found in monsoon type of climate
● They require 75-250 cms of annual rainfall
● Sal, Sandalwood trees found in these forest
● The trees shed their leaves during the dry winters
7. Explain the features of the Evergreen Forests.
● These forests are found in areas of heavy annual rainfall exceeding 250cm.
● These forests found in regions of not more than 900 mts above the sea level.
● We found this forest in western Ghats, North Eastern states and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands
● The trees and plants do not shed their leaves during the year hence they are
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 evergreen.
8. Where did Mangrove Forests are located?
● These forests are found along the deltas and coastal regions and estuaries of
rivers
● They are mainly found in the deltas Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna
9. What are the causes for the destruction of forests?
● The expansion of agricultural land
● Construction of roads and railway
● Irrigation projects
● Industrialization
10.What is forest conservation? Why is forest conservation essential?
Forest conservation is to protect the forests from human, animal and natural disasters
● To maintain environmental balance
● Receiving of rain
● To protect the habitat of wild animals
● To prevent soil erosion
11.Differentiate the tropical evergreen and Deciduous forest

Tropical evergreen forest Tropical Deciduous forest

• Found in heavy rainfall • Found in moderate rainfall
and temperature region region
• They are dense • Shed their leaves in Spring
and early summer season

12. Differentiate the Mountain and Mangrove forest

Mountain forest Mangrove forest

• Found in slopes of • Found in river Delta
mountains • Example : Sundarbans
• Example : Himalayan
forest

CHAPTER-13
INDIA WATER RESOURCES

I. Answer the following questions

1. What do you mean by Inundation canals?
The canals directly constructed to rivers to drawn water are called flood canals
2. Name the first multi-purpose river valley of India?
Damodar valley project is the first multi-purpose river valley of India

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3. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’?
Damodar river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’
4. Damodar river called as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’-Why?
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bengal. Hence it
is called as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’
5. Which is the highest dam of India?
Bhakra dam is the highest dam of India
6. Which is the reservoir constructed to across the Bhakra dam?
Gobind Sagar is the reservoir of Bhakra dam
7. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’?
Kosi river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’
8. Kosi river is called known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’-Give reasons
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bihar. because it
is called as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’
9. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Orissa’?
Mahanadi river is known as ‘Sorrow of Orissa’
10. Why does Mahanadi river is called as ‘Sorrow of Orissa?
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Orissa. because
it is called as ‘Sorrow of Orissa’
11.Which is the largest dam in India?
Hirakud dam is the largest dam of India
12. Where was Tungabhadra dam constructed?
Tungabhadra dam was constructed at Mallapur village near Hospet in Bellary District
13. What was the name of the reservoir of Tungabhadra dam?
Pampa sagara
14. Which are the two dams constructed in Upper Krishna project?
Alamatti dam(Lal-bahadur-shastri sagara) and Narayanapura dam(Basava sagara)
15. Where did Nagarjuna Sagar dam constructed?
Nagarjuna Sagar dam was constructed at Nandikonda village of Andhra Pradesh
16. Across which river the Hirakud project is built?
Mahanadi
17.What Is Irrigation?
The artificial supply of water for the purpose of agriculture is called irrigation.
18. What Are flood Canals?
The canals where water is drawn directly from the river without building a dam was
called as flood canals
19. What are perennial canals?
The canals directly constructed to reservoirs to drawn water for agriculture are called
perennial canals.
20.Which is the highest dam in India?
Bhakra Dam
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 21. Name an international project and a joint venture of India and Nepal?
Kosi project
22. Where is Kosi Project Dam located?
Hanuman nagar of Nepal
23.Where did ‘Basavasagara’ reservoir constructed?
‘Basvasagara’ reservoir constructed at Narayanapura
24.Across which river the Nagarjuna sagar Project built?
Krishna River
25. What is the result of construction of the Damodar river project? (March-2019)
Damodar is no longer ‘Sorrow of Bengal’.
26.Which are the four dams built in the Damodar river valley project?
Tilaiya, Konar, Maithon and Panchet Hill
I Answer the following questions
1. What is irrigation? Mention its main types in India?
The supply of water to agriculture from canals, wells and tanks artificially or manually
is known as irrigation. The main types of irrigation in India are
• Well irrigation
• Canal irrigation
• Tank irrigation
2. Why is irrigation important in India?
● India is a agriculture country
● Indian agriculture depends Monsoon rain
● Monsoon is uncertain, seasonal and unevenly distributed
● The certain crops require regular supply of water
3. What are multi-purpose river valley projects? Mention their objectives?
The project which had many purposes along with providing water to agriculture is
known as multi-purpose river valley projects
The objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects are
● Irrigation
● Fishery
● Domestic water supply
● Hydro-electric power generation
● Industrial water supply
● Recreation
4. Explain the importance of well irrigation.
● It is the most important type of irrigation in India.
● Nearly 60.7% of the total irrigated area is from well irrigation.
● Well irrigation is possible even in areas of low rainfall, it is cheap and easy to
dig Wells and they do not require superior technology.
● It is easy even for small farmers to dig wells.
5. List out the hydroelectric power projects of Karnataka.
• Shivanasamudra
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 • Tungabhadra
• Jog
• Bhadra
• Alamatti
• Kali
6. In India ‘National Power Grid’ was established. Why?
To supply power from surplus state to deficit state ‘National power Grid’ was
established
7. What is ‘Rain Water Harvesting’?
Collection of rain water is called as ‘Rain Water Harvesting’
8. Rain water harvesting is compulsory today. Why?
• Increased population
• Water scarcity
• Irregular monsoon rain
• Reduce the dependency on public water supply.

ECONOMICS

CHAPTER-15
ECONOMY AND GOVERNMENT

I Answer the following questions

1. Name the term which introduced by government to enable economic
development in 20th century government
‘Welfare states’ is the term to introduced by government to enable economic
development in 20th century government
2. What is economic stability?
The economy moves towards progress without extreme fluctuations is known as
economic stability
3. What is ‘Social justice’
The income and wealth of a country distributed as equally as possible without any
discrimination is called as ‘Social Justice’
4.Which country implemented the ‘Economic planning’ for the first time in the
world?
Soviet Russia
5.What is ‘Planning’?
The conscious and wise process through which the government, with certain specific
objectives, utilizes the countries resources in a profitable manner in order to secure
maximum satisfaction of its people is called “planning”.
6.Who is the “father of Economic Planning in India”?
Bharat Ratna Sir M Vishveshwaraiah
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7. Sir M Vishveshwaraiah is called as “father of Economic Planning in India”. Why?
Sir M Vishveshwaraiah stressed the need for planning to achieve economic
development in India, Because he is regarded as “father of Economic Planning in
India”
8.Who wrote the book “Planned economy for India?
Sir M Vishveshwaraiah
9.Name the personality who conceived the ‘Modern Planning’ in India.
Sir M Vishveshwaraiah
10.When was ‘National Planning Commission was formed?
1950
11.Who is the chairman of National Planning Commission?
Prime Minister
12.When did ‘National Development Council’ was formed?
1952
13.Which is organization that approves the five-year plans?
National development council
14.Who are the members in National Development Council?
Chief ministers of all states are the members of ‘National Development Council’
15.What are the primary objectives of Indian five-year plans?
Eradication of poverty and improving standard of living
16.In the 11th five years plan main priority was given to ‘Inclusive Growth’. Why?
In order to include everyone in the process of growth the 11th five years plan main
priority was given to ‘Inclusive Growth’
17.What do you mean by “Green Revolution”?
The quick progress in agriculture is known as ‘Green revolution’
18.Who conducted experiments in high yielding Wheat grain in Mexico?
German scientist Dr. Norman Borlaug
19.Name the countries who used the high yielding wheat grains?
Mexico and Taiwan
20.Who is the “father of Green Revolution in India”?
Dr.M.S. Swamynathan
21.Dr.M.S.Swamynathan is called as “Father of Green Revolution”.Why?
Dr.M.S.Swamynathan is the key person in using pre-harvest technology in Indian
agriculture. Hence he is called the “father of Green Revolution”
22.What is ‘Pre-Harvest technology?
Using of improved technology in high yielding seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers
and pesticides in agriculture is called as ‘Pre=Harvest technology’
23.What is ‘Post-Harvest Technology’?
Using of improved technology in procure, process, and marketing of agriculture is
called as Post-Harvest Technology.
24.What is ‘The Second Green Revolution’ Or ‘Perpetual Green Revolution’?
Using of natural friendly techniques in agriculture is called as perpetual green
revolution
25.What is organic farming of zero investment farming?
Using of natural friendly techniques in agriculture is called as organic farming or Zero
investment farming
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26.Who is the present chairman of NITI Aayog?
Dr. Rajeev Kumar
27.When did ‘NITI-Aayog’ form?
1st January 2015
28.How has the role of governments increased in welfare states?
The role of governments increased in welfare states to provide facilities like
• Food
• Shelter
• Education
• Health
• Hygiene
• Transport and communication
29.List out the objectives of Indian five-year plans to eradicate Poverty and
Improving standard of living.
• Increasing the production
• Increasing employment opportunity
• Reducing economic disparities
• Ensuring economic stability
• Modernizing the economy
30.List out the achievements of five years plans?
• Growth in national income
• Self-sufficiency in production of food grains
• Increasing employment opportunities
• Progress in science
• Expansion of industries and service sectors
• Development in agriculture
31.List out the demerits of five-year plans
• Poverty not eradicated
• Lack of employment opportunity
• Gap between Rich and poor was widening
• Equality not achieved
• Social justice not achieved
32.What are the remedies for the problems faced by agriculture sector?
• Using of high yielding seeds
• Using of chemical fertilizers
• Subsidizing to avail modern equipment
• Fair price to agricultural products
• Construction of granaries
• Construction of cold-storage warehouses
33.What are the factors that led to green revolution?
Pre-Harvest Technology
• High yielding deeds
• Irrigation
• Chemical fertilizer
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 • Pesticides
Post-Harvest Technology
• Modern equipment
• Cold storage warehouses
• Granaries
• Fair price system
34.What are the activities of NITI Aayog?
• Policy and program frame work
• Co-operative federalism
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Thinktank and knowledge and innovation hub
35.What are the objectives of NITI Aayog?
• To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities, sectors and
strategies with the active involvement of states
• To faster co-operative federalism encouraging strong state make a strong
nation

BUSINESS STUDIES

CHAPTER-16
BANK TRANSACTIONS

I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS

1. The word Bank has been derived from the French word Banque
2. The Bankers bank is Reserve bank of India
3. An example for nationalized bank is Canara bank
4. The National savings certificates are issued by Post offices
5. The type of account where any numbers of transactions can be made with the bank is
Current account
6. The deposits for a fixed term can be deposited in Term deposit account
7. Ramu wants save money for future he wants to open recurring deposit account
II ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What is a bank?
Bank is a institute which collects the deposits and lending the loan to consumers
2. What are the characteristics of a bank?
● Dealing with money
● Individual / firm company
● Acceptance of deposits
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 ● Lending loans
● Payments and withdrawals
● Name identity
● Agency and utility services
3. What are the functions of a bank?
● Accepting deposits from public
● Collecting money by cheques, drafts, bills
● Lending money
● Transferring money from one place to another place
● Discounting of bills
● Hiring safe deposit lockers
● Conducting foreign exchange service
4. Explain the relations between bank and customers
General relationship
● Primary relationship
● Subsidiary relationship
● Agent and principal relationship
Special relationship
● Obligations to honor cheques
● Obligations to maintain secrecy of accounts
5. What are the advantages of opening bank accounts? (March-2019)
● It facilitates a safe custody of money
● It helps in making payments
● It helps in collection of money
● The account holders get advances and loans
● It helps in smooth financial transactions
● It provides safe deposit lockers
6. What are the services of post offices?
● Post office savings bank
● Issuing National savings certificate
● Monthly recurring deposits
● Postal life insurance
● Pension payment
● Money transfers
● Postal Banking
7. How many types of banks?
There are six types of banks
● Reserve bank of India
● Commercial banks
● Land development banks
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 ● Indigenous bank
● Co-operative banks
● Industrial development banks
8. Name the different types of bank accounts. explain any one of them
● Savings bank account
● Current account
● Recurring deposit account
● Term deposit account
Savings bank Account: This account is opened by salaried persons, students,
pensioners. This account encourages savings of people. There is no restriction on the
number and amount of deposits. The money can withdraw by cheque or withdrawal
slips.
9. What are the services offered by banks?
• Credit cards
• Personal loans
• Safe deposit lockers
• Debit cards
• Signature guarantee
• Net banking
• Mobile banking
• Home and vehicle loans
10. What were the procedures to open a bank account?
• Selection of type of account
• Approaching the bank to opening a account
• Fill of the Bank account form
• Fulfilling reference
• Submitting account opening form
• Verification of application
• Initial deposit.
11.List out the bank operations activities
• Encouraging savings
• Mobilizing deposits and lending loans
• Cheques, drafts facilities to account holder
• Cash can be withdrawn through cheques or withdrawn slips or ATM
• Providing standing instruction for effective periodical payments
• Transfer of accounts from one branch to another branch

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Venugopal. G.G.J.C. Channaptna Town. Mob-9980533699.

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