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Lecture #2 STR

This document summarizes key concepts from Lecture #2 on strength of materials: 1) Mohr's circle is a graphical method developed by Christian Otto Mohr to analyze two dimensional complex stress and strain. It represents the states of stress at a point on a plane using a circle. 2) Mohr's circle relates normal and shear stresses on planes through a point. The horizontal axis represents normal stresses and the vertical axis represents shear stresses. 3) Using Mohr's circle, one can determine the principal stresses and maximum shear stress, which occur when the shear stress is zero. The principal planes are perpendicular and the principal stresses act on these planes.

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51 views

Lecture #2 STR

This document summarizes key concepts from Lecture #2 on strength of materials: 1) Mohr's circle is a graphical method developed by Christian Otto Mohr to analyze two dimensional complex stress and strain. It represents the states of stress at a point on a plane using a circle. 2) Mohr's circle relates normal and shear stresses on planes through a point. The horizontal axis represents normal stresses and the vertical axis represents shear stresses. 3) Using Mohr's circle, one can determine the principal stresses and maximum shear stress, which occur when the shear stress is zero. The principal planes are perpendicular and the principal stresses act on these planes.

Uploaded by

Harry Piyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strength of Materials

Lecture #2
Horris K. Nangulama (MSc., BSc. Civil Eng.)
Department of Mining Engineering, Malawi University of Business and Applied
Sciences
[email protected]; 0885271934; at 201 Engineering Bldg
Two dimensional complex stress and strain
GRAPHICAL METHOD
• this method was developed by a Germany civil engineer called
Christian Otto Mohr.
• In 1882, he famously developed the graphical method for analysing
stress known as Mohr's circle and used it to propose an early theory
of strength based on shear stress.
• To come up with the circle, the following calculations were made:
• Average normal stress (𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒈 )
• Radius of the circle (R)
MOHR’S CIRCLE
• We use the Cartesian plain (the familiar x-y axes plane)
• The y-axis represents the shear stress
• The x-axis represents the normal stress

Sign convention
i. Tensile stresses are positive
ii. Compressive stresses are negative
iii. Shear stresses clockwise are positive
iv. Shear stresses anticlockwise are negative
MOHR’S CIRCLE
• Substituting (𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒈 ) into R,
• Then the equation becomes:
(𝝈𝒙 -𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒈 )𝟐 + 𝛕𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝑹𝟐
• therefore it can be concluded that the equation above is the
equation of a circle with center (𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒈 , 0) and radius R.
• A circle must be drawn with both x and y axis having the same scale.
• All normal stresses are placed along x axis
• Shear stress is placed in y axis.
• Principal stresses are maximum and minimum normal stresses along
x-axis where shear stress is zero.
• The maximum shear stress is the radius of the circle.
PRINCIPAL PLANES
• Since normal stresses in 2-dimensions have an angular difference of
90 degrees,
• It is also true that principal stresses occur at an angle of 90 degrees
difference.
• In Mohr's circle, all angles are doubled because all normal stresses σ𝑥
and σ𝑦 are placed in one axis, x-axis.
• Hence the lines of stress action, planes differ by 180 degrees.
• All angles are measured from σ𝑥 plane in counter-clockwise direction.
• Hence the angles at which principal stresses occur from σ𝑥 plane give
rise to principal planes.
Example
• Find the principal stresses and the maximum shear stress in the figure
below:
SOLUTION
Finding principal planes from example above
Practice
Consider a thin sheet pulled in its own plane
so that the stress components with respect to
the x-y axes are as given in figure below.
Determine the stress components with
respect to ab axes which are inclined at 45° to
the x-y axes. Locate the principal stresses, and
locate the axes of maximum shear and the
corresponding component stresses.
End of Lecture #2

Thank You!

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