Student Handbook

Title Page
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
STUDENTS’ HANDBOOK
FOR
B.Sc. MATHEMATICS & B.Sc. STATISTICS PROGRAMS
© 2019 Published by Department of Mathematical Sciences

Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria
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Table of Contents
Contents
Title Page .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
The University Crest ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Philosophy and Cardinal Principles of the University ...................................................................................................... 5
Brief history of the Department ........................................................................................................................................ 5
B.Sc. Mathematics ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Philosophy of the Programme ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Objectives of the Programme ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Admission Requirements: ............................................................................................................................................. 7
List of Courses .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Level I Courses ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Level II Courses ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Level III Courses........................................................................................................................................................... 9
Level IV Courses .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
The Syllabi .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Level I Courses ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
Level II Courses .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Level III Courses......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Level IV Courses ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
Career for Mathematics Graduates ............................................................................................................................ 16
B.Sc. Statistics ................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Philosophy of the Programme ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Aim ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Objectives of the Programme ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Admission Requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Regulations: ................................................................................................................................................................ 19
List of Courses ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
The Syllabi .................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Examinations and Assessments .................................................................................................................................. 27
Grading system ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
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Appendices ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Appendix A1: List of Staff (Last Update: October 2019) ............................................................................................. 29
A: Teaching Staff ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
B: Non-Teaching Staff ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Appendix A2: Departmental Responsibilities (2018/2019 Session) ........................................................................... 30
Appendix A3: Departmental Committees ................................................................................................................... 30
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The University Crest
The Crescent and the Star
The Crescent: Jamiatu Bayero Kano
(Symbol & Unit Time) Bayero University Kano
The Star: Motto “Wa Fawqa Kulli Dhi Ilmin Alim”
(Guiding Light) “… But over all endowed with knowledge is one, the All-knowing”
University Color: Blue
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Philosophy and Cardinal Principles of the University
Abdullahi Bayero College was reconstituted into University College with effect from October 1st, 1975 and
into Bayero University in October 1977.
The Academic Development Committee outlined a philosophy consistent with traditions and character,
which the College acquired during its years of existence. Briefly, it is that the University is to pay due
respect to human values. It is to:
“be built on those beliefs, values and tradition that the society holds most sacred. The University should
strive to be symbol of the spirit of its community, the guardian of its moral, the formulator of its hopes, be
they spiritual or material. It should monitor the inevitable changes that come with time and, in assimilating
these essential values and nuances, the University recognizes the need to:
1. Deepen individuals’ awareness of the value of the cultural heritage;

2. Foster and reinforce the moral, ethical and spiritual values sacred to the culture;
3. Provide the knowledge, skills and technology required for the benefit of wider community;
4. Further the objectives of a united, fair and just community, society and nation”.
In pursuing its aims and objectives, the University will be constantly guided by the requirements of the
national plans, manpower needs and sheer physical and environmental factors.
Brief history of the Department

The Department of Mathematical Sciences was established in 1976 as one of the pioneer departments of the
then new Faculty of Science. It was called Department of Mathematics. The name was changed to
Mathematical Sciences in the early 1990’s due to the recommendation by an NUC special panel that more
degree programmes should be introduced, particularly B.Sc. Computer Science and B.Sc. Statistics. Due to
staffing and other logistics problems, such new programmes could not be introduced until 2002/2003 session
when the B.Sc. Computer Science degree was established.
The Department had been running two (2) undergraduate programmes; B.Sc Mathematics and B.Sc.
Computer Science and three (3) postgraduate programmes; Postgraduate Diploma in Computer Science,
M.Sc. Mathematics and Ph.D. Mathematics. In addition, the department serves other departments/faculties
in the University. With the establishment of new faculty in the University, B.Sc. Computer Science was
moved to new Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology in 2011/2012 session.
Currently, the Department is running two (2) undergraduate programmes; B.Sc. Mathematics and B.Sc.
Statistics; five (5) postgraduate programmes; postgraduate Diploma in Mathematics, M.Sc. Mathematics,
M.Sc. Applied Mathematics, M.Sc. Computational Mathematics and Ph.D. in Mathematics.
The Department had 4 teaching staff at inception but now has 33 including 6 females. At present the
Department has 197 undergraduate and 114 postgraduate students and is headed by Dr. Abbas Jaafar
Badakay.
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PART A
B.Sc. Mathematics
Philosophy of the Programme
The philosophy of this programme is based on the belief that:

1. Education is an instrument for national development;
2. Education fosters the worth and development of the individual into a sound and effective citizen for
the individuals sake, and for the general development of the society;
3. Through provision of functional education, the individual can be fully integrated into the society;
4. Mathematics provides the knowledge and skills needed in the pursuance of the technological
advancement in modern information age;
Objectives of the Programme
Considering;
▪ The relevance of Mathematics in providing a solid base upon which scientific knowledge is built;
▪ The importance of Mathematics in providing the necessary skills and training for the attainment of
societal development;
▪ Necessity to train Mathematicians with the attendant multiplier effects in the pursuance of
interdisciplinary studies/research;
And in view of the

• Importance placed by governments in the training of Mathematicians at all levels of education;
• The high demand of Mathematicians in both public and private sectors of the society;
The programme has the following objectives:
1. Give high-level manpower training in the field of Mathematics with a view to producing the needed
human resources.
2. Produce highly skilled individuals who would be self-reliant and useful members of the society
3. Further popularize the importance of Mathematics knowledge and its relevance to personal/national
progress.
4. Prepare students intellectually to pursue research and graduate studies in all areas of Mathematics.
5. Identify, recruit and or attract the finest staff manpower to carry out its vital traditional functions of
teaching, research and community service.
6. To encourage the advancement of learning and to hold out all person without distinction of race,
creed, sex or political conviction, the opportunity of acquiring higher and liberal education.
7. To provide courses of instruction and other facilities for the pursuit of learning in all its campuses,
and to make those facilities available on proper terms to such persons as are equipped to benefit
from them.
8. To encourage, promote scholarship and conduct research in all field of learning and human
endeavour.
9. To relate the activities to the social and economic needs of the people of Nigeria.
10. To undertake any other activities appropriate for a University of the highest other.
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Admission Requirements:
Candidates with the following qualifications are eligible for admission:
A: Level I
Five passes at credit level three of which must be in Mathematics, Physics and English, and the remaining
from Biology/Agricultural Science, Chemistry, and Geography. In addition to obtaining a minimum score
required in the UTME.
B: Level II
1) Diploma in Mathematics/Mathematics Education.

2) Diploma in Statistics.
3) IJMB (relevant subjects- Mathematics/Physics).
4) N.C.E. (relevant subjects Mathematics/Physics).
5) Any other equivalent qualification deemed appropriate by the Senate.
Course Numbering
Each course offered in the Department of Mathematical Sciences is prefixed by one of the letter-groups
MTH or STA indicating that it is a Mathematics or Statistics, course respectively. This is followed by a
four-digit number. The first digit indicates the level to which the course belongs; the second digit indicates
the credit value of the course; while the last two digits are for identification purposes.
Course Assessment
Each course is assessed by continues assessment and an end-of-semester examination. The continues
assessment normally accounts for 30% to 40%, while end of semester examination accounts for 60% to 70%
of the overall marks for each course.
Regulations:
The concurrent General Regulations of the University and the Regulations of the Faculty of Physical
Science apply. In addition to such regulations, the following regulations also apply for the BSc Mathematics
Programme:
i. In addition to the compulsory Mathematics courses, every Level I Mathematics student must register
Physics courses and all level I courses from one of Biology or Chemistry.
ii. Every Level I student is to take the Level I General Studies courses: GSP 1201: Use of English and
GSP 1202: Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT offered by the School of General and
Entrepreneurship Studies, while Level II students are to take the Level II GSP courses open to
science students: GSP 2204: Foundation of Nigerian Culture, Government and Economy, GSP
2205: Philosophy and Logic and GSP 2206: Peace and Conflict Resolution. In addition, all Direct
Entry students should register GSP 2201: Use of English and GSP 1202 Use of Library, Study
Skills and ICT. Level IV students are to take: EEP3201: Entrepreneurship and Innovation and
EEP 4201: Venture Creation and Growth.
iii. Unless the contrary is stated, all Mathematics courses are core courses. All GSE courses are also
core courses.
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iv. The minimum duration of the programme is four (4) academic sessions for UTME students (three
(3) for DE students) and the maximum is six (6) academic sessions for UTME students (five (5)
for DE students). Where a student fails to satisfy the minimum graduation requirement after
exhausting the maximum time, he/she will be withdrawn from the programme.
v. To qualify for the award of BSc degree in Mathematics, a UTME student must pass all core courses
and obtain at least 34, 35, 30 and 33 credits each from Level I, II, III and IV courses respectively
(and 39, 30 and 33 credits each from Level II, III and IV courses respectively for DE students). This
is in addition to the normal University Requirement of obtaining a minimum of 30 credits per level.
The Current Summary of the Minimum Requirement for Graduation is as follows:

LEVEL/COURSES MTH/STA CSC Credits GSP Credits Other Credits Total
Credits
LEVEL I 12 02 04 16 34
LEVEL II 26 03 06 - 35
LEVEL III 30 - - - 30
LEVEL IV 29 - 04 - 33
TOTAL 97 05 14 16 132
List of Courses
Level I Courses
S/N COURSE COURSE TITLE STATUS

CODE
1 MTH1301 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I CORE
2 MTH1302 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS II CORE
3 MTH1303 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS III CORE
4 STA1311 PROBABILITY I CORE
5 PHY1210 MECHANICS CORE
6 PHY1220 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM CORE
7 PHY1230 BEHAVIOUR OF MATTER CORE
8 PHY1170 PHYSICS PRACTICAL I CORE
9 PHY1180 PHYSICS PRACTICAL II CORE
10 CSC1201 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE CORE
11 GSP1201 USE OF ENGLISH CORE
12 GSP1202 STUDY SKILLS & ICT CORE
13 CHM1231 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY OPTIONAL*
14 CHM1241 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OPTIONAL*
15 CHM1251 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OPTIONAL*
16 CHM1261 PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY OPTIONAL*
17 BIO1201 GENERAL BIOLOGY I OPTIONAL*
18 BIO1202 GENERAL BIOLOGY II OPTIONAL*
19 BIO1203 GENERAL BIOLOGY III OPTIONAL*
20 BIO1204 GENERAL BIOLOGY IV OPTIONAL*
*Students are to take either the CHM option only or BIO option only.
Level II Courses

CODE
1 MTH2301 MATHEMATICAL METHODS CORE
2 MTH2302 ELEM. DIFF. EQUATIONS CORE
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3 MTH2203 LINEAR ALGEBRA I CORE
4 MTH2204 LINEAR ALGEBRA II CORE
5 MTH2306 INTRO. TO NUMER. ANALYSIS CORE
6 MTH2307 REAL ANALYSIS I CORE
7 MTH2208 VECTOR ANALYSIS CORE
8 MTH2310 INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING OPTIONAL
9 MTH2213 ELEMENTS OF SET THEORY CORE
10 MTH2214 LOGIC AND ALGEBRA CORE
11 STA2211 PROBABILITY II CORE
12 STA2212 PROBABILITY III CORE
13 CSC2320 PROGRAMMING IN C++ CORE
14 GSP2201 FUNDATION OF NIG. CULTURE, ECONOMY & GOVT. CORE
15 GSP2204 PEACE AND CONFLICTS STUDY CORE
16 GSP2205 PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC CORE
Level III Courses

CODE
1 MTH3301 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA I CORE
2 MTH3302 ABSTRACT ALGEBRA II CORE
3 MTH3303 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS I OPTIONAL
4 MTH3304 COMPLEX ANALYSIS I CORE
5 MTH3305 COMPLEX ANALYSIS II CORE
6 MTH3306 METRIC SPACE TOPOLOGY CORE
7 MTH3307 VECTOR AND TENSOR ANALYSIS CORE
8 MTH3308 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS I CORE
9 MTH3310 REAL ANALYSIS II CORE
10 MTH3311 INTRO. TO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING CORE
11 MTH3312 OPTIMIZATION METHODS OPTIONAL
12 MTH3314 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS OPTIONAL
13 MTH3315 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS II CORE
14 MTH3316 INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL OPTIONAL
GEOMETRY
Level IV Courses

CODE
1 MTH4301 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS III CORE
2 MTH4302 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IV CORE
3 MTH4303 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS CORE
4 MTH4304 GENERAL TOPOLOGY CORE
5 MTH4205 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CORE
6 MTH4306 DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS OPTIONAL
7 MTH4307 OPERATION RESEARCH I OPTIONAL
8 MTH4308 OPERATION RESEARCH II OPTIONAL
9 MTH4309 LINEAR SYSTEM THEORY OPTIONAL
10 MTH4310 STOCHASTIC PROCESS OPTIONAL
11 MTH4311 CLASSICAL THEORY OF NUMBERS OPTIONAL
12 MTH4312 GROUP THEORY OPTIONAL
13 MTH4313 LEBESGUE MEASURE & INTEGRATION CORE
14 MTH4314 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS II OPTIONAL
15 MTH4600 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
16 EEP3201 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION CORE
17 EEP4201 VENTURE CREATION AND GROWTH CORE
Note: Students must register a minimum of 6 credit units from the optional courses.
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The Syllabi
Level I Courses
MTH 1301: Elementary Mathematics I (Sets, Algebra and Trigonometry) (3 Credit Units)
Pre-requisite: None
Core-requisite: MTH 1303
Elementary set theory; subsets, union, intersection, complements; Venn diagram; Real numbers, integers,
rational and irrational numbers, real sequences and series; theory of quadratic equations, polynomials, partial
fractions; binomial theorem; circular measure; trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude,
trigonometric formulae.
MTH 1302: Elementary Mathematics II (Vectors and Geometry) (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: None.
Geometric representation of vectors in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions; components, direction cosines, addition, scalar
multiplication of vectors; linear independence; scalar and vector product of vectors. Two-dimensional co-
ordinate geometry: Straight lines, circles, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, tangents, normal. Introduction to
Complex Numbers: Algebra of the complex numbers, the Argand diagram, De Moivre's theorem, the roots
of unity, mathematical Induction.
MTH 1303: Elementary Mathematics III (Calculus I) ( 3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: None
Function of a real variable, graphs, limits and idea of continuity, the derivative as limit of rate of change.
Techniques of differentiation, extrema, curve sketching; Integration as an inverse of differentiation; Methods
of integration; definite integrals, application to areas, and volumes.
STA 1311: Probability I (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: None. Core-requisite: MTH 1301
Generation of Statistical events from set-theory and combinatorial methods and elementary principles of
probability. Types and distribution of random variables; the binomial, Poisson, hyper-geometric and normal
distributions. Exceptions and moments of random variables; probability sampling from tables of random
numbers, selected applications. Correlation and regression.
Level II Courses
MTH 2301: Mathematical Methods (Calculus II) (3 Credits Units)
Pre-requisite: MTH 1302, 1303
Real-valued functions of a real variable. Differentiation and Integration of vector functions with respect to
scalar variables. Taylor series. Real-valued functions of two or three variables. Partial derivatives; Chain
rule, extrema, Lagrange's multipliers. Increments, differentials and linear approximations, Line integrals,
Multiple integrals, Infinite Sequences and Series. Tests of convergence.
MTH 2302: Elementary Differential Equations (Calculus III) (3 Credits Units)

Pre/Core-requisite: MTH 2301
First order ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. General theory of n-th order linear
equations. Laplace transform Solutions of initial value problems by Laplace Transform Method.
Applications of Ordinary Differential Equations to physical, life and social sciences.
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MTH 2203: Linear Algebra I (2 Credits Units)
Core-requisite: MTH 2213, 2214
Matrices: Theory and Algebra; Systems of Linear Equations; Vector Spaces over the real field: Subspaces,
Linear Combination, Linear Dependence/Independence, Basis and Dimension.
MTH 2204: Linear Algebra II (2 Credits Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 2203
Core-requisite: MTH 2213, 2214,
Coordinates and Isomorphisms: Change of Basis, Rank and Row (Column) Rank of a Matrix; Inner Product
Spaces: Scalar Products and Orthogonality; Linear Transformations and matrices: Kernel and Image (Range)
of a Linear Transformation; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Diagonalization and Similar/Symmetric)
Matrices; Bilinear and Quadratic forms.
MTH 2306: Introduction to Numerical Analysis (3 Credits Units)

Error in numerical computations; Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations, Algorithms and
convergence; Iterative solutions of linear system of equations; Interpolation and approximation; Numerical
differentiation and integration.
MTH 2307: Real Analysis I (3 Credits Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 1301, 1303, 2214
Bounds of real numbers, convergence of sequence of numbers. Monotone sequences, the theorem of nested
intervals. Cauchy sequences, tests for convergence of series. Absolute and conditional convergence of series
and rearrangements. Completeness of reals and incompleteness of rationals. Continuity and differentiability
of functions. Rolles's and mean value theorems for differentiable functions.
MTH 2208: Vector Analysis (3 Credits Units)

Elementary Vector Algebra, Vector and Triple vector Products (more application solution of vector
equation, plain curves and space curves. Geometrical equation of lines and planes. Linear independence of
vectors; components of vectors, direction cosines; position vector and scaler products; senent frenent
formulae; differential definition of gradients, divergent and simple multiplication).
MTH 2310: Introduction to Mathematical Computing

Pre-requisite: CSC 1201
Core-requisite: CSC 2320
Introduction to problem solving methods and algorithm development; designing, coding, debugging and
documenting programs using a good programming language, such as (Visual) Fortran. Introduction to the
use of mathematical aided tools for solving mathematics problems. Computer packages such as Maple and
Mathematica for symbolic computing, MATLAB and SCILAB for numerical computing should be used.
STA 2211: Probability II (2 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 1301, STA 1311.
Combinatorial analysis. Probability models for study of random phenomena in finite sample spaces.
Probability distributions of discrete and continuous random variables. Expectations and moment generating
functions. Chebychev's inequality.
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STA 2212: Probability III (2 Credit Units)
Pre-requisite: MTH 1301, STA 1311. Core-requisite: STA 2211.
Bivariate, marginal and conditional distributions and moments. Convolution of two distributions, the central
limit theorem, and its uses.
MTH 2213: Elements of Set Theory (2 Credit Units)

Basic set theory; type of sets, basic set laws, mapping, relations, equivalence and other relations. Cardinals
numbers and Barnestein theorem, cartesian products, infinite sets and countability.
MTH 2214: Logic and Algebra (2 Credit Units)

Propositional logic, quantification theory, binary logic, methods of proofs. Algebraic properties of numbers;
integers, rationals, real and complex numbers. Divisibility and unique factorizations of integers.
Level III Courses

MTH 3301: Abstract Algebra I
Binary operations. Algebraic structures; semigroups, rings, integral domains fields. Groups, subgroups,
normal subgroups, homomorphisms, rings, ideals, quotient rings, integral domains, fields, fields of
quotients, Euclidean domain, and divisibility in integral domains; Ring homomorphisms.
MTH 3302: Abstract Algebra II (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 2213, 2214.
Core-requisite: MTH 3301.
The isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley's theorem, Group actions, Sylow's theorem,
maximal ideals irreducible and prime elements, PID and UFD'S, polynomial rings over fields. Irreducibility;
field extensions; degree of an extension; minimum polynomials; algebraic and transcendental extensions;
straightedge-and-ruler constructions.
MTH 3303: Numerical Analysis I (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 2203, 2204, 2302, 2306.
Numerical solution of initial value and boundary valued problems for ordinary differential equations;
Polynomial and splines approximation; Orthogonal polynomials and Chebyshev polynomials; Matrix
analysis; Eigenvalues and Eigenvector, vector and matrix norms, matrix diagonalization, orthogonal
matrices, Singular value decomposition, QR decomposition, Least square approximations; Eigenvalue
problem's power methods, inverse power methods.
MTH 3304: Complex Analysis I (3 Credit Units)

Complex number arithmetic. Functions of a complex variable. Limits and continuity of a function of
complex variable. The Cauchy-Riemann equations. Analytic functions; bilinear transformations; conformal
mappings; contour integrals. Cauchy's theorem and its main consequences. Convergence of sequences and
series of a complex variable. Power series; Taylor series.
MTH 3305: Complex Analysis II (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 2301.
Laurent expansion. Isolated singularities and residues. Residue theorem; calculus of residues and its
applications to calculations of integrals and summation of series. Maximum Modulus Principle. Argument
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principle; Rouche's theorem. The fundamental theorem of algebra. Analytic continuation. Multiple valued
functions and Riemann surfaces.
MTH 3306: Metric Space Topology (3 Credit Units)

Set, metrics and examples. Open spheres (or Balls). Open sets and neighborhoods. Closed sets. Interior,
exterior, frontier, limit points and closure of a set. Dense subsets and separable spaces. Convergence in
metric space. Homomorphisms. Continuity and compactness; connectedness.
MTH 3307: Vector and Tensor Analysis (3 Credit Units)

Vector algebra. Vector, dot and cross products. Equation of curves and surfaces. Vector differentiation and
applications. Gradients, divergence and curl. Vector integration line; surface and volume integrals. Green's
Stoke's and divergence theorems. Tensor products of vector spaces. Tensor algebra Symmetry. Cartesian
tensors.
MTH 3308: Differential Equations I (ODE) (3 Credit Units)

Series solutions of second order linear equations. Bessel, Legendre and hypergeometric equations and
functions. Gamma Beta function. Sturm-Liouvelle problems. Orthogonal polynomials and functions.
Fourier, Bessel and Fourier-Legendre Series. Fourier transformation and application to initial value
problems.
MTH 3310: Real Analysis II (3 Credit Units)

Riemann integral of functions, continuous monopositive functions. Functions of bounded variation. The
Riemann Strieltjes integral. Pointwise and uniform convergence of sequences and series of functions.
Effects on limits (sums) when the functions are continuous differentiable or Riemann integrable power
series.
MTH 3311: Introduction to Mathematical Modelling (3 Credit Units)

Core-requisite: MTH 3307, 3308.
Methodology of model building; identification and solution of problems, cause-effect diagrams, Equation
types; Algebraic, differential (ordinary and partial) difference, integral and functional equations. Application
of mathematical models to the physical, biological, social and behavioral sciences.
MTH 3312: Numerical Analysis II (3 Credits Units)

Differential and difference equations problems; Discrete and continuous methods for solving IVP-ODE'S;
Stability and truncation error analysis; Numerical solutions to partial differential equations; Finite difference
and finite elements methods; Convergence analysis and error estimates.
MTH 3313: Introduction to Differential Geometry (3 Credits Units)

Curves, curvature, torsion, the Serret-Frenet apparatus, the fundamental theorem of curves, rotation index,
the four-vertex theorem, Fenchel's theorem, total curvature, the Fray-Milnor theorem. Surfaces (simple
surfaces only). Co-ordinate patches, first and second fundamental forms of surfaces, the Weingarten map,
Gauss theorems egregium, the Gauss-Bonnet formula, the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. Calculus on Euclidean
13
space; Tangent Vectors; Directional Derivatives; curves; 1-form differential forms and mappings;
diheomorphisms.
MTH 3314: Discrete Mathematics

Graphs; Directed and un-directed graphs, subgraphs, cycles, connectivity, Application (flow Charts) and
state transition graphs; lattices and Boolean Algebra, Finite fields: Mini-polynomials. Irreducible
polynomials, polynomial roots, Application (error-correcting codes, sequences generators).
MTH 3315: Differential Equations II (PDE) (3 Credits Units)

Sturm-Liouville problem. Orthogonal polynomials and functions. Partial differential equations; first and
second order equations, classification of second order linear equations, solution of boundary and eigenvalue
problems of partial differential equations, Laplace's equations, Poisons equation. Green's function, Poisson's
formula, the wave equation and diffusion equation.
Level IV Courses
MTH 4301: Differential Equations III (3 Credit Units)
Differential equations: existence and uniqueness theorems dependence of solution on initial data and
parameters. Properties of solutions. Sturm separations and comparison theorems. Linear and non-linear
systems of equations. Integral equations: classification, volterra and fredlhom types Neumann series.
Fredholm alternative for degenerate Hilbert- Schmidt kernels. Reduction of ordinary differential equations
to integral equations. Applications of Fourier transform and Laplace transform to linear integral equations.
MTH 4301: Differential Equations III (Theory of ODE)

Differential equations: existence and uniqueness theorems dependence of solution on initial data and
parameters. Properties of solutions. Sturm comparison and Sonin-Polya theorems. Linear and non-linear
systems. Floguet’s theory and stability theory. Integral equations: classification, volterra and fredlhom types
Neumann series. Fredholm alternative for degenerate Hilbert-Schmidt kernels. Reduction of ordinary
differential equations to integral equations. Symmetric kernels, Eigen function expansion with application.
MTH 4302: Differential Equations IV (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 3309. Core-requisite: MTH 4301.
Theory and Solutions of General linear, almost-linear and quasi-linear first-order Partial Differential
Equations (PDEs) with two or more independent variables: classification, canonical forms, characteristics;
Theory and Solutions of General linear second-order PDEs with two independent variables: classification,
canonical forms, characteristics; Methods of Fourier Transformation, Laplace Transformation and Green's
functions for
the Initial Boundary Value Problems (IBVPs) of Hyperbolic, Parabolic and Elliptic equations.
MTH 4303: Functional Analysis (3 Credit Units)

Normed spaces and Banach spaces, Hilbert spaces, spaces of continuous functions, Stone-Weierstrass
approximation theorem, differential calculus for Banach spaces, differential operators, implicit function
theorem, rank theorem, differential equations, Theorem of Frobenius, elementary spectral theory.
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MTH 4304: General Topology (3 Credit Units)
Topological spaces, defining open and closed sets; neighborhoods. Coarse and finer topologies. Basis and
sub-basis. Separation axioms. Compactness, local compactness. Connectedness. Construction of new
topological spaces from given ones, Sub-spaces, product spaces quotient spaces. Continuous functions;
Point-wise and uniform convergence.
MTH 4205: Research Methodology (2 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: CSC 2320.
Definition of Research, Basic concept of Mathematical research; Misconception about research. Research
Proposal; Basic component of research to proposal; Introduction to scientific reading and writing, major
parts of project writing; Article review and Research Talk. (Presentation).
Introduction to Latex; Structure of Latex document and commands; Characters in Latex; text, sectioning,
titles footnotes and marginal notes; Environments, poetry, lists and tabular data; Cross references and simple
bibliographies; Defining new commands and changing fonts; simple diagrams in LaTeX; Mathematical
aspects; inserting figures, graphs, pictures; Power point presentation using latex.
MTH 4306: Dynamical Systems (3 Credit Units)

Deterministic Linear and Non-linear Dynamical Systems: Continuous and Discrete; Stability Analyses and
Theorems; Bifurcation Theory; Chaos.
MTH 4307: Operations Research I (3 Credit Units)

Modelling, linear programming, integer programming, non-linear programming, quadratic programming,
Kuhn-Tucker system, deterministic dynamic programming, network analysis.
MTH 4308: Operations Research II (3 Credit Units)

Probabilistic methods; theory of games, decision theory, stochastic dynamic programming finite Markov
chains, Markovian birth death process, queuing system.
MTH 4309: Linear Systems Theory (3 Credit Units)

Classical Control Methods; Modern Control Methods; Systems Representations; Stability Analyses;
Controllability and Observability, Reachability, Stabilizability and Detectability; Applications: In Science,
Engineering, Economics, etc,.
MTH 4310: Stochastic Processes (3 Credit Units)

Simple random walk models, Markov chains recurrent events, discrete branching processes, Markov process
in continuous time, homogenous birth and death processes, some non-homogenous process, multi-
dimensional processes, queuing processes.
MTH 4311: Classical Theory of Numbers (3 Credit Units)

Congruencies and residues, Diophantine problems, Fermat's theorem, congruence to composite moduli,
continued fractions and real numbers, arithmetical functions, the zeta function, partitions, and Waring's
problems.
MTH 4312: Group Theory (3 Credit Units)

Homomorphism theorems, Sylow's theorems, direct product of Groups, Introduction to finite Abelian
Groups, nilpotent and solvable groups, representation theory of groups, characters.
15
MTH 4313: Lebesgue Measure and Integration (3 Credit Units)
Outer measure, measurable sets and Lebesgue measure. Examples of a non-measurable set. Measurable
functions. The Lebesgue integral. Functions of bounded variation. Lp spaces. Holder and Minikowski
inequalities. Convergence and completeness. Bounded linear functional on Lp spaces.
MTH 4314: Optimization Methods (3 Credit Units)

Pre-requisite: MTH 2203, 2305, 2310.
Core-requisite: MTH 3303, 3307.
Simple variable optimization; Feasibility and optimality conditions for unconstrained optimization;
Convexity; Constrained optimality conditions and Lagrange multipliers;
Gradient and descent methods; search techniques; Conjugate direction methods; qausi-Newton's methods.
MTH 4600: Research Project

Project is a six credits course unit. It is offered by all final year students. Project gives students the
opportunity to study in depth a topic in Mathematics that particularly interest them. This may include
reading Mathematical works, using advenced methods tom solve a given problem, explore new topics, etc.
Career for Mathematics Graduates
A degree in Mathematics does not train students for a specific job. Rather it gives them a range of skills
which gives them the opportunity to enter a wide range of careers. It is therefore a versatile qualification.
Employers tend to be keen on Mathematics students because they are regarded as logical, numerate and
committed. All of these are highly sought-after skills in the jobs market. In short a mathematics graduate can
fit into everything from computer programming to accountancy, and biomedical research to business
management.
Majority of all jobs requiring graduates are open to students of any discipline. Of course, mathematicians are
eligible for these jobs. In addition, there are careers for which a degree in mathematics is either essential or a
strong advantage. These fall into a number of general areas:
1. Computing
Mathematicians are in high demand from software companies. If you can prove you can program,
you are likely to be in as strong a position as a computer science or IT graduate when applying for
roles with these organisations.
2. Financial work
In recent years, many mathematics graduates have taken up a career in finance.
a. Accountancy
Firms of chartered accountants - the main employers - do not normally specify degree
disciplines of entrants. They are particularly keen though to recruit mathematics graduates,
because of their numeracy skills and logical thought, because they are normally very
successful in the professional examinations. So to become an accountant, you do not need to
take a degree in accountancy. A mathematics degree allows many openings in accountancy,
should you wish to follow them after graduation, as well as all the other opportunities.
b. Actuarial work
This has long been a popular field for mathematics graduates. The work involves the
application of probability and statistics to financial affairs such as life assurance, pensions
and social security.
c. Other openings in finance
There are some opportunities in banking, particularly with the head offices of major banks, or
16
with merchant banks. Mathematicians have frequently been successful candidates for the Tax
Inspectorate.
3. Postgraduate Study: A sizeable proportion of graduates choose to continue for higher qualifications
such as MSc and PhD before entering the job market. A good honours degree is normally required for
entry to such courses. The course provides training in the fundamental processes of research and so is
particularly useful for those aiming to work in industrial research and academic environments.
4. Scientific research, design and development: Large companies and government research
establishments are actively involved in research and development. They employ mathematicians and
statisticians, usually along with other scientists in interdisciplinary research teams. The problems being
solved require a flexible approach and speedy solutions. Projects of this type require high mathematical
skill, ability to analyse complex problems in order to formulate them mathematically and to use
computers in their solution (a skill developed during mathematics degree courses), willingness to work to
deadlines, and ability to communicate findings to others.
5. Aircraft Industry: In the aircraft industry, there is work on aerodynamical design, providing theoretical
results which predict or complement those from (for example) experimental wind tunnels.
6. Pollution Control
In pollution control, mathematicians would develop ``models'' (Mathematical equations) predicting
dispersal rates of chimney effluents under different meteorological conditions.
7. Statistical work: Statistical work is carried out in many organisations - the Civil Service (economics and
agriculture in particular), research establishments, large industrial firms and market research agencies. The
work involves analyses and interpretations of data, collection of information and analysing it using
statistical methods and computer programs such as SPSS.
8. Telecommunications: In telecommunications, Mathematicians may work on improved
communications links, computer-recognition of handwriting and speech patterns, and distortion in digital
transmission.
9. Biometrists: A Biometrists work as statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry, as researchers in
medical schools and hospitals and in agricultural institutes.
10. Management services: The problems of coping with rapid changes in technology and market
conditions in large and complex organisations make it essential for managers to call on specialist
services. Management services are often mathematical, involving an area of Mathematics known as
Operational Research. It might involve designing a more efficient transportation programme for
deliveries to a supermarket chain, warehouses, or a stock control pattern for a car franchise holder.
11. Forecasting: Maths graduates can also put their skills to good use in planning and forecasting of
various sorts, such as meteorology, logistics or transport planning, as well as careers such as quantity
surveying and IT.
12. Epidemiologist: Developing and using mathematical models to reduce public health risks by
studying the pattern of spread of diseases or health risks in populations.
Finally, there are many people with Mathematics training working in NNPC, plant biology, finance,
energy, defence, computer game design etc. In short the possibilities for mathematicians are
endless.
17
PART B
B.Sc. Statistics
Philosophy of the Programme
The philosophy of the proposed programme is based on the need to:

1. Achieve the national development goals;
2. Produce graduates with high academic standard, sufficient skills for self-reliance and immediate
value to the nation and world at large.
Aim
The overall aim is to produce world-class Statisticians that will help in realization of national needs and
aspirations vis- a-vis educational, industrial and technological developments.
Objectives of the Programme
The objectives of Bachelor degree in Statistics are to:

• Instill in students a sense of enthusiasm for Statistics, an appreciation of its application in different
areas such as industrial planning, economic planning, environmental and social planning. And to
involve them in an intellectually stimulating and satisfying experience of learning and studying;
• Provide students a broad and balanced foundation in knowledge of Statistics and practical skills ;
• Develop in students the ability to apply their Statistics knowledge and skills to the solution of
theoretical and practical problems in statistics;
• Develop in students, through an education in Statistics, a range of transferable skills of values in
Statistics related and non-Statistics related employment;
• provide students with knowledge and skills- base from which they can proceed to further studies in
specialized areas of Statistics or multi-disciplinary areas involving statistics.
Admission Requirements
Level I
The entry requirements shall be at least credit level passes in five subjects including, English Language,
Mathematics, Physics and any two of the following: Chemistry, Biology/Agric. Science and Geography at
the Senior Secondary School Certificate or its equivalent. Any other qualification deemed appropriate by the
university.
Level II
Candidates with A level pass in any of the following qualifications are eligible for admission:
1) Diploma in Mathematics Education.

2) Diploma in Statistics.
3) HND in Statistics at Lower Credit level.
4) ND in Statistics at Upper Credit level.
5) IJMB relevant subjects.
6) NCE relevant subjects.
7) Any other relevant qualification deemed appropriate by the university.
18
Regulations:
The concurrent General Regulations of the University and the Regulations of the Faculty of Physical
Science apply. In addition to such regulations, the following regulations also apply for the B.Sc. Statistics
Programme:
i. In addition to the compulsory Statistics courses, every Level I Statistics student takes Mathematics
and one of Physics, Chemistry or Biology among his/her two subsidiary courses.
ii. Every Level I student is to take the Level I General Studies courses: GSP 1201: Use of English and
GSP 1202: Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT offered by the School of General and
Entrepreneurship Studies, while Level II students are to take the Level II GSE courses open to
science students: GSP 2204: Foundation of Nigerian Culture, Government and Economy, GSP
2205: Philosophy and Logic and GSP 2206: Peace and Conflict Resolution. In addition, all Direct
Entry students should register GSP 2201: Use of English and GSP 1202: Use of Library, Study
Skills and ICT. Level III students are to take: EEP3201: Entrepreneurship and Innovation,
while Level IV students are to register EEP 4201: Venture Creation and Growth.
iii. Unless the contrary is stated, all Statistics courses are core courses. All GSP courses are also core
courses.
iv. The minimum duration of the programme is four (4) academic sessions for UTME students (three
(3) for DE students) and the maximum is six (6) academic sessions for UTME students (five (5)
for DE students). Where a student fails to satisfy the minimum graduation requirement after
exhausting the maximum time, he/she will be withdrawn from the programme.
v. To qualify for the award of BSc degree in Statistics, a UTME student must pass all core courses and
obtain at least 32, 35, 32 and 39 credits each from Level I, II, III and IV courses respectively (and
35, 32 and 39 credits each from Level II, III and IV courses respectively for DE students). This is in
addition to the normal University Requirement of obtaining a minimum of 30 credits per level.
The Current Summary of the Minimum Requirement for Graduation is as follows:
LEVEL/COURSES MTH/STA CSC Credits GSP Credits Other Credits Total

Credits
LEVEL I 20 02 04 06 32
LEVEL II 24 05 06 - 35
LEVEL III 32 - - - 32
LEVEL IV 35 - 04 - 39
TOTAL 111 07 14 06 138
19
List of Courses

CODE
1 MTH1301 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I CORE
2 MTH1302 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS II CORE
3 MTH1303 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS III CORE
4 STA1311 PROBABILITY I CORE
5 STA1412 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS CORE
6 STA1221 STATISTICAL INFERENCE I CORE
7 STA1231 STATISTICAL COMPUTING CORE
8 PHY1210 MECHANICS CORE
9 PHY1220 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM CORE
10 PHY1230 BEHAVIOUR OF MATTER CORE
11 PHY1170 PHYSICS PRACTICAL I CORE
12 PHY1180 PHYSICS PRACTICAL II CORE
13 CSC1201 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE CORE
14 GSP1201 USE OF ENGLISH CORE
15 GSP1202 STUDY SKILLS & ICT CORE
Level II Courses

CODE
1 MTH2301 MATHEMATICAL METHODS CORE
2 MTH2302 ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CORE
3 MTH2203 LINEAR ALGEBRA I CORE
4 MTH2306 INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS CORE
5 MTH2307 REAL ANALYSIS I CORE
6 STA2221 STATISTICAL INFERENCE II CORE
7 STA2231 STATISTICAL COMPUTING II CORE
8 STA2241 INTRODUCTION SOCIAL & ECONOMIC STATISTICS CORE
10 STA2211 PROBABILITY II CORE
11 STA2212 PROBABILITY III CORE
12 CSC2253 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS CORE
13 CSC2320 PROGRAMMING IN C++ CORE
14 GSP2201 FUNDATION OF NIG. CULTURE, ECONOMY & GOVT. CORE
15 GSP2204 PEACE AND CONFLICTS STUDY CORE
16 GSP2205 PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC CORE
Level III Courses

CODE
1 STA3312 DISTRIBUTION THEORY I CORE
2 STA3321 STATISTICAL INFERENCE III CORE
3 STA3222 REGRESSION AND ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE CORE
4 STA3323 DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT I CORE
5 STA3324 SURVEY METHODS & SAMPLING THEORY CORE
6 STA3231 STATISTICAL COMPUTING III OPTIONAL
7 STA3232 LAB./FIELD-WORK FOR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CORE
8 STA3342 DEMOGRAPHY I CORE
9 STA3343 OPERATION RESEARCH I CORE
10 STA3351 BIOMETRIC METHODS I CORE
11 STA3699 SIWES CORE
20
Level IV Courses

CODE
1 STA4311 PROBABILITY IV CORE
2 STA4312 DISTRIBUTION THEORY OPTIONAL
3 STA4313 STATISTICAL INFERENCE IV OPTIONAL
4 STA4314 STOCHASTIC PROCESS CORE
5 STA4315 REGRESSION ANALYSIS CORE
6 STA4316 PROBABILITY V OPTIONAL
7 STA4321 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS CORE
8 STA4322 STATISTICAL BACKGROUND & DECISION THEORY CORE
10 STA4323 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT II CORE
11 STA4324 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES CORE
12 STA4341 MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS CORE
13 STA4342 NON-PARAMETRIC METHODS CORE
14 STA4344 ECONOMETRIC METHODS OPTIONAL
15 STA4351 BIOMETRIC METHODS II OPTIONAL
16 STA4352 PYSCHOMETRIC METHODS OPTIONAL
17 STA4353 BAYESIAN INFERENCE & DECISION THEORY OPTIONAL
18 STA4354 ENVIROMENTAL STATISTICS OPTIONAL
19 STA4355 EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS OPTIONAL
20 STA4356 HEALTH STATISTICS OPTIONAL
21 STA4357 MEDICAL STATISTICS OPTIONAL
22 STA4358 ENERGY STATISTICS OPTIONAL
23 STA4359 DEMOGRAPHY II OPTIONAL
24 STA4361 ACTURIAL SCIENCE OPTIONAL
25 STA4600 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
26 MTH4313 LEBESGUE MEASURE AND INTEGRATION OPTIONAL
27 EEP3201 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION CORE
28 EEP4201 VENTURE CREATION AND GROWTH CORE
29 MTH4205 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CORE
The Syllabi
STA 1412: Descriptive Statistics

Pre-requisite: None
Core-requisite: STA1311
Statistical data: types, sources and methods of collection. Presentation of data: tables chart and graphs.
Errors and Approximations. Frequency and cumulative distributions, Measures of location, partition,
dispersion, skewness and Kurtosis. Rates, ratios and index numbers. Basic probability concepts; binomial,
normal, Student’s t and chi-square distributions. Hypothesis testing and confidence intervals for one and two
means and proportions. Regression.
STA 1311: Probability I

Pre-requisite: None
Core-requisite: MTH 1301, MTH 1303
Generation of Statistical events from set-theory and combinatorial methods and elementary principles of
probability. Types and distribution of random variables; the binomial, Poisson, hyper-geometric and normal
distributions. Exceptions and moments of random variables; probability sampling from tables of random
numbers, selected applications. Correlation and regression.
21
STA 1221: Statistical Inference I
Pre-requisite: None
Core-requisite: STA1412
Population and samples. Random sampling distributions, estimation (Point and interval) and Tests of
hypotheses concerning population mean and proportion (one and two large sample cases). Regression and
correlation. Elementary time series analysis.
STA 1231: Statistical Computing I

Introduction to computer: structure, involving, type, uses and applications. Computations (using computers
and calculators), involving topics in STA1311 and 1221. Organizations of computations to access,
transform, explore, analyse data and produce results. Concepts and vocabulary of statistical computing.
STA 2211: Probability II

Pre-requisite: MTH 1301, STA 1311
Combinatorial analysis. Probability models for study of random phenomena in finite sample spaces.
Probability distributions of discrete and continuous random variables. Expectations and moment generating
functions. Chebychev's inequality.
STA 2212: Probability III

Pre-requisite: MTH 1301, STA 1311
Core-requisite: STA 2211
Bivariate, marginal and conditional distributions and moments. Convolution of two distributions, the central
limit theorem, and its uses. Sampling with and without replacement. Inclusion-exclusion theorem.
Allocation and matching problems. Probability generating function. Bernoulli trials, binomial, Poisson,
Hypergeometric negative binomial and multinomial distribution, Poisson process.
STA 2241: Introduction to Social and Economic Statistics

Pre-requisite: STA1412, 1311
Statistics systems. Nature, types, sources, methods of collection and problem of official statistics. Index
numbers, theory, construction and problems. Descriptive statistics ; Basic principles of probability; discrete
and continuous random variables (binomial, normal, t, chi-square, Poisson, other univariate distributions);
joint distributions; sampling distributions; central limit theorem; properties of estimators; linear
combinations of random variables; testing and estimation; maximum likelihood principle, basics of
hypotheses testing. Socio-economic indicators: nature, types, uses and computation. Nature, sources,
contents and problems of official statistics in selected sectors.
STA 2221: Statistical Inference II

Pre-requisite: STA1221
Sampling and sampling distribution. Point and interval estimation. Principles of hypotheses testing. Tests of
hypotheses concerning population means, proportions and variances of large and small samples, large and
small sample cases. Goodness –fit tests. Analysis of variance.
STA 2231: Statistical Computing II

Uses of computers in statistical computing. Introduction to various statistical packages. Use of statistical
packages in solving problems in statistics.
STA 2212: Probability III

Joint marginal and conditional distributions and moments. Limiting distributions. Discrete and continuous
random variables, standard distributions, moments and moment-generating functions, laws of large numbers
and the central limit theorem.
22
STA 3312: Distribution Theory
Pre-requisite: STA2211, 2212
Distribution and frequency functions. Documents, cumulants and their generating functions. Some special
univariate distribution. Laws of large numbers. Central limit theorem. Distribution: Stochastic
independence. Bivariate moment generating functions of random variable. Bivariate distribution: Stochastic
independence. Bivariate moment generating functions. Bivariate normal distributions. Distribution
associated with the normal, 𝑋 2 , t and F distribution.
STA 3321: Statistical Inference III

Criteria of estimation consistency unbiasedness, efficiency, minimum variance and sufficiency, Methods of
estimation; maximun likelihood, least squares and method of moments. Confidence intervals. Simple and
composite hypotheses. Likelihood ratio test. Inferences about means and variance.
STA 3322: Regression and Analysis of Variance I

Total, partial and multiple correlation ratio. Simple and multiple linear regression, variable selection
techniques, stepwise regression, analysis of covariance, influence measures, polynomial regression.
Orthogonal polynomials. Simple non-linear way classification.
STA 3323: Design and Analysis of Experiments I

Two-way classification. Three-way classification. Balanced and unbalanced two factor nested (hierarchical)
classifications. Multiple comparisons component or variance estimates and tests. Computing packages.
Basic principles of experimentation, Randomisation, replication and blocking. Local control. Basic designs:
completely randomised, randomised blocks, Latin squares, Balanced incomplete blocks, split plot. Missing
values. Relative efficiency. Estimation and tests of variance components. Multiple comparisons. Departures
from underlying assumptions. Applications to agriculture, biology and industry.
STA 3324: Survey Methods and Sampling Theory

Survey design, planning and programming. Methods of data collection. Design of form and questionnaires.
Data processing, analysis and interpretation. Errors and biases, Probabilities and non-probability sampling:
selection procedure. Estimation of mean, totals, ratios and proportions in simple random, systematic,
stratified cluster and two-stage sampling. Probability proportion-to-size sampling. Nigeria’s experience in
sampling survey.
STA 3231: Statistical Computing III

Use of advanced statistical computing packages. Analysis of statistical and numerical algorithms.
Introduction to Monte Carlo Methods.
STA 3232: Laboratory/Field work on Experimental Design I

Computations based on field and laboratory appraisal of some of the techniques and problems on
experimental design.
STA 3342: Demography I

Types and sources of demographic data. Methods of collection of Population censuses, sample surveys and
vital registration. Evaluation of the quality of demographic data. Measures of fertility, mortality, nuptiality
and migration. Standardization and Decomposition. Life tables: construction and application. Framework for
developing demographic information systems.
STA 3343: Operations Research I

Nature and scope of operations research. Linear programming and graphical, simplex (including big M and
two-phase) methods. Sensitivity analysis. Duality theory. Transportation and assignment problems. Network
analysis: CPM and PERT. Inventory theory and applications. Sequencing and scheduling.
23
STA 3351: Biometric Methods I
Introduction to population genetics. Statistical methods in Biology. Sampling and estimating biological
populations. Design and analysis of biological experiments. Design and analysis of clinical trials Bioassays:
types and nature. Direct and indirect assays: Parallel line assays, slope ratio assays.
STA 3699: Industrial Attachment (24 Weeks)

Students should be attached to some relevant organizations for additional 24 Weeks at the 300 Level
preferably during the long vacation for industrial experience. Students to be assessed based on seminar
presentation, their reports and assessment by supervisors.
STA 4311: Probability IV

Pre-requisite: MTH2307
Probability spaces measures and distribution. Distribution of random variables as measurable functions.
Product spaces; Products of measurable spaces, product probabilities. Independence and expectation of
random variable. Convergence of random variables: Weak convergence almost everywhere, convergence in
path mean. Central limit theorem, laws of large numbers. Characteristic function and Inversion formula.
STA 4312: Distribution Theory II

Distribution of quadratic forms. Fisher – Cochran theorem, Multivariate normal distributions. Distribution of
order Statistics from continuous populations. Characteristic and moment generating functions. Uniqueness
and inversion theorems. Limit theorems.
STA 4313: Statistical Inference IV

General linear hypothesis and analysis of linear models. Further treatment of estimation and hypothesis
testing extension of uni-parameter results to multi-parameter situation. Basic ideas of distribution-free test.
Bayesian Inference.
STA 4314: Stochastic Processes

Generating functions: tail probabilities and convolutions. Recurrent events. Random walk (unrestricted and
restricted). Gamblers ruin problem. Markov processes in discrete and continuous time. Poisson, branching,
birth and death processes. Queuing processes: M/M/I, M/M/s, M/a/I queues and their waiting time
distributions.
STA 4315: Regression and Analysis of Variance II

Multicollinearity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. Residual analysis. Transformations. Comparison of
intercepts and slopes. Simple non – linear regression. Logistic regression. Use of dummy variables.
Departures from ANOVA assumptions. Transformations. Missing values. Analysis of covariance in one-
way, two-way, three-way and nested (hierarchical) classifications. Analysis of covariance with two
concomitant variables.
STA 4321: Time Series Analysis

Estimation and isolation of components of time series. Time series relationships, cyclical behaviour,
periodicity, spectral analysis, coherence, filtering, regression. Non-stationary and stationary processes:
theoretical moments, auto – correlation and partial auto-correlation; Sample moments: auto-correlations;
partial auto-correlations; univariate Time Series model: identification and estimation - Auto-regressive
(AR), Moving Average (MA) and Auto regressive Moving (ARMA). Diagnostic checking of models, linear
prediction and forecasting analysis.
STA 4322: Statistical Background and Decision Theory

Empirical sources of knowledge-hypothesis, observation and experiment. Deductive sources of knowledge
and scientific attitude. The concept of causation. Probability, a brief historical treatment to show conflicting
definitions. Bayesian statistics and the notion in inverse probability. The place of statistical methods in
24
science. Principles of decision making. Utility functions and their properties. Role of uncertainty. Bayes
Strategies. Problems of prior and posterior distributions: value of prior information Minimax strategies.
Statistical inference. Theory of games.
STA 4323: Design and Analysis of Experiments II

Further split plot design and nested designs, unbalanced designs, incomplete block designs, 2’’ factorial
designs, Yates – Algorithm confounding and fractional replication. Diallel cross Analysis. Introduction to
response surface methodology.
STA 4324: Sampling Techniques

Ratio, regression and difference estimation procedures. Double sampling. Interpreting scheme. Multiphase
and multistage sampling, cluster sampling with unequal sizes; problem of optimal allocation with more than
one item. Further stratified sampling.
STA 4600: Research Project

Research finding into selected topics in statistics. Each student will be expected to carry out independent
research into an assigned or selected topic and produce a report. Student should be subjected to oral
examination on the project.
STA 4341: Multivariate Data Analysis

Multivariate normal and related distributions. Inference about mean vectors. Mahalanobis distance, sampling
distributions of the mean vector and covariance matrix; Hotelling’s 𝑇 2 ; simultaneous inference Multivariate
analysis of variance. Tests of independence and homogeneity. Discrimination and classification. Principal
components and factor analysis. Canonical correlation analysis. Cluster analysis.
STA 4342: Non-Parametric Methods

Order statistics and their distributions. Tests based on runs. Tests of Goodness of Fit. One sample and two
sample linear ranks tests for location and scale. Tests for independent samples. Measure of association for
bivariate samples and multiple classifications.
STA 4343: Operations Research II

Integer programme problem: formulations and solution methods. Non-linear programming: search methods
Newton-Raphson method, Frit-John optimality conditions and Lagrangian multipliers. Network analysis.
Path methods including Bellman’s equations, cyclic and network with positive paths. Dynamic
programming: routine of problems, resource allocation and equipment replacement.
STA 4344: Econometric Methods

Nature of econometric. Econometric models: nature, types and characteristics. Econometric problems related
to single equation models. Construction estimation and tests. Models involving lagged variables.
Simultaneous equation systems; structural form, reduced form, identification, estimation and test.
Application of econometric models: demand analysis, production functions, consumption and investment
function.
STA 4351: Biometric Methods II

Stability models, simultaneous selections models. Path analysis. Discriminant analysis. Parallel line and
slope ratio assays in completely randomized block and incomplete block designs. Logistic curve and logic
transformations in relation to bio-assays.
STA 4352: Psychometric Methods

The foundations of mental measurement theory: Measurement in psychology and education. The
construction of true and error scores. The classical test theory model: fixed length, variables length: Some
estimates of parameters of the classical model. Other weak type – score models: parallel measurements.
25
Types of reliability co-efficient and their estimation. Some test theory for equivalent measurements. Item,
sampling in test theory and in research design.
STA 4353: Bayesian Inference and Decision Theory

Subjective probability, Bayes Theorem, conjugate priors, non-informative priors, estimation, testing,
prediction, empirical Bayes methods, properties of Bayesian procedures, comparisons with classical
procedures, approximation techniques, Gibbs sampling, hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Principles of
decision-making. Roles of uncertainty, utility functions and their properties. Theory of games.
STA 4354: Environmental Statistics

Scope, nature and sources of environmental statistics. Assessment of environmental quality and
measurement of air and water pollution. Sampling methods in natural and applied sciences. Environmental
Impact Assessment. Requirement for environmental reporting system. Characteristics and uses of the United
Nations frame work for the development of environmental statistics. Capacity development for
environmental reporting system.
STA 4355: Educational Statistics

Scope, nature and uses of educational statistics. Sources and methods of collection of educational statistics.
Educational indicators, Design of education information systems, Education flow models and performance
evaluation, Multivariate methods in educational analysis, operations research in educational management.
STA 4356: Health Statistics

Scope and types of health statistics. Classification of disease; injuries and causes of death. Sources and
methods of collecting health statistics; census, sample surveys, vital registration and administrative statistics.
Health indicators: types, uses and problems. Health systems. Health planning and financing. Health
information systems. Operations research in the health services.
STA 4357: Medical Statistics

Scope and nature of medical statistics. Epidemiology methods: relative risks and odds ratios, adjustment of
data with and without use of multivariate models, cohort studies (life tables). Competing risks, survival
analysis. Sequential methods in clinical trials. Stochastic models epidemiology.
STA 4358: Energy Statistics

Energy sources: renewable and non-renewable, Nature, scope and uses of energy statistics. Concepts,
definitions, and units of measurements in use in energy statistics. Energy production and consumption
surveys. Data requirements and the procedure for developing an energy database. Constructing an energy
balance sheet with Nigeria as a case study. Modelling energy supply and demand.
STA 4359: Demography II

Estimating fertility, mortality and nuptiality from limited and defective data. Stationary, stable and quasi-
stable population models: theory and applications. Multiple decrement life tables. Population projections:
mathematical models, component methods and matrix analysis. Path analysis and multiple classification
analysis.
STA 4361: Actuarial Statistics

The time value of money; compound interest and discounting; present values and accumulated values of
streams of payments. Decremental rates and other indices; Annuities and sinking funds; solving equations of
value; Investment and Appraisal Techniques; Analysis of experiments data and derivation of exposed to risk
formulae. Graduation methods (and their applications to curve fitting). Construction of mortality, sickness,
multiple decrements and similar tables with applications to life insurance. National social security and
pension schemes.
26
Examinations and Assessments
All courses are examined at the end of the semester and examinations are set by the course lecturers. All
question papers are moderated internally and then externally. Examinations are conducted in conjunction
with the faculty examinations office. Students are assessed by combination of class test, assignments or its
equivalent and end of semester examinations. Semester grade point average (GPA) and cumulative grade
point averages (CGPA) appear on each student semester/session report form and also the final academic
record (transcript). Below we illustrates how the GPA and CGPA are calculated.
Grading system
The University adopts the following grading system:
Range of Marks Lettered Grade Grade

0-39 F 0
40-44 E 1
45-49 D 2
50-59 C 3
60-69 B 4
70-100 A 5
Table3.3:Grading system
To calculate a student's GPA, the score for each course is first converted to grade (see table 3.3). The credit
value for each course is then multiplied by the corresponding grade point to get the weighted grade point
(WGP) for that course.
The sum of the WGP for all the courses is then divided by the sum of the Credits for all courses to get the
GPA. Table 3.4 gives an illustrative example for Garba a 100 Level student.
STUDENT NAME Garba
WEIGTED
COURSE CREDIT SCORE GRADE
GRADE GRADE
CODE VALUE (%) POINT
POINT
MTH 1301 3 90 A 5 15
STA 1311 3 72 A 5 15
CSC 1201 2 48 D 2 4
CHM 1201 2 43 E 1 2
BIO 1201 2 51 C 3 6
GSP 1401 4 40 E 1 4
PHY 1101 1 31 F 0 0
TOTAL 17 46
GPA = 46/17=2.71
27
Assuming that in the second semester Garba obtained the results tabulated as demonstrated in the table
below
STUDENT NAME: Garba

WEIGTED
COURSE CREDIT GRADE
SCORE (%) GRADE GRADE
CODE VALUE POINT
POINT
MTH 1304 3 63 B 4 12
MTH 1302 3 78 A 5 15
CHM 1202 2 45 D 2 4
CHM 1204 2 23 F 0 0
BIO 1204 2 57 C 3 6
PHY 1202 2 64 B 4 8
TOTAL 14 45
GPA = 45/14 = 3.21 CGPA=(46+45)/(17+14)=2.94
sum of grade points for all semesters

Generally, CGPA is calculated as CGPA=
sum of credit valuess for all semesters
Academic Probation
Any student whose CGPA is below 1.00 in a given session, is said to be in academic probation. He/She will
be given one more session to make it up above 1.00 otherwise the student is to be withdrawn.
Degree classification
Degrees are classified based on the CGPA at the point of graduation, as describe in the table below:
CGPA DEGREE CLASS

4.5-5.0 First Class
3.5-4.49 Second Class Upper
2.40-3.49 Second Class Lower
1.50-2.39 Third Class
1.00 -1.49 Pass
Below
Fail
1.00
28
Appendices
Appendix A1: List of Staff (Last Update: October 2019)
A: Teaching Staff
S/N Name Rank Qualification Research Area

1. Prof. M. Y. Bello Professor BSc, MSc, PhD Algebra
2. Prof. B. M. Yakasai Professor BSc, MSc, PhD Operation Research
3. Prof. A. H. Abubakar Professor BSc, MSc, PhD Nonlinear Analysis (CHAOS)
4. Prof. Bashir Ali Professor BSc, MSc, PhD Nonlinear Operator Theory
5. Prof. S. I. Bala Professor BSc, MSc, PhD Fluid Dynamics
6. Dr. S. M. Umar Assoc. Prof. BSc, MSc, PhD Multivariate Analysis
7. Dr. M. Y. Waziri Assoc. Prof. BSc, MSc, PhD Numerical Optimization
8. Dr. A. J. Badakaya Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Differential Games
9. Dr. Nafiu Hussaini Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Mathematical Biology
10. Dr. Abdul Iguda Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD General Topology
11. Dr. H. A. Shitu Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Mathematical Biology
12. Dr. Ibrahim Idris Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Mathematical Physiology
13. Dr. S. L. Bichi Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Integral Problems in HDS
14. Dr. A. I. Kiri Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Algebra/Number Theory
15. Dr. M. S. Minjibir Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Optimization Theory
16. Dr. A. M. Lawan Senior Lecturer BSc, MSc, PhD Number Theory
17. Dr. J. H. Hassan Lecturer I BSc, MSc, PhD Differential Equations
18. Dr. M. M. Zubairu Lecturer I BSc, MSc, PhD Semigroup Theory
19. Dr. H. Mohammad Lecturer I BSc, MSc, PhD Numerical Linear Algebra
20. Shehu Bala Lecturer I BSc, MSc Design & Analysis of Experiment
21. K. I. Usman Lecturer I BSc, MSc Convex Optimization
22. Dr. I. A. Baba Lecturer II BSc, MSc, PhD Mathematical Epidemiology
23. B. B. Mika’il Lecturer II BSc, MSc Operations Research
24. S. A. Rano Lecturer II BSc, MSc Numerical Optimal Control
25. Mustapha Muhammad Lecturer II BSc, MSc Financial Mathematics
26. A. H. Usman Lecturer II BSc, MSc Mathematical Statistics
27. Jewaidu Rilwan Lecturer II BSc, MSc Differential Games
28. A. B. Abubakar Lecturer II BSc, MSc Optimization/Compressive Sensing
29. A. Y. Inuwa Asst. Lecturer BSc, MSc Operator Theory
B: Non-Teaching Staff
29
S/N Name Rank Qualification
1. Zubairu H. Danjuma Senior Programmer HND Computer Science
2. Usman M. Madaki Principal Comp. Operator B.Sc. Computer Science
3. Laraba Yakubu Senior Comp. Operator ND Computer Science
4. Ahmad S. Adamu Asst. Exec. Off. OND English/Hausa
5. Auwalu Sani Head Cleaner/Messenger WAEC Certificate
6. Sani H. Yahaya Head Cleaner/Messenger WAEC Certificate
Appendix A2: Departmental Responsibilities (2018/2019 Session)
Head of Department: Dr. Abbas Ja’afar Badakaya

Examination Officer: Shehu Bala
Asst. Examination Officer: Dr. Hassan Muhammad
Admission Officer: Khalid Ismail Usman
Departmental Secretary (Academic): Adamu Yusuf Inuwa
Financial Officer: Ibrahim Yusuf Ibrahim
Postgraduate Degree/Seminar Coordinator: Prof. Saminu Iliyasu Bala
Postgraduate Diploma Coordinator: Dr. Sirajo Lawan Bichi
Undergraduate Project Coordinator: Dr. Hassan Muhammad
Spill Over II (Mathematics) Coordinator: Prof. Saminu Iliyasu Bala
Spill Over I (Mathematics) Coordinator: Malama Sadiya A. Rano
Level IV (Mathematics) Coordinator: Dr. Muhammad Mansur Zubairu
Level III (Mathematics) Coordinator: Ibrahim Yusuf Ibrahim
Level II (Mathematics) Coordinator: Khalid Ismail Usman
Level I (Mathematics) Coordinator: Dr. Isa Abdullahi Baba
Appendix A3: Departmental Committees
1. Admission Committee (AC)

2. Appointment & Promotion Committee (A&PC)
3. Computer & Information Technology Committee (CIT)
4. Curriculum Review & Academic Standard Committee (CRAC)
5. DTLC/Finance Committee (DTLC)
6. Library Committee (LC)
7. Quality Assurance Committee (QAC)
8. Research Committee (RC)
9. Staff/Student Consultative Committee (SSC)
10. Examination/Time-Table Committee (ETC)
11. Welfare Committee (WC)
30

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Title Page

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

© 2019 Published by Department of Mathematical Sciences

The Crescent and the Star

The Crescent: Jamiatu Bayero Kano

(Symbol & Unit Time) Bayero University Kano

The Star: Motto “Wa Fawqa Kulli Dhi Ilmin Alim”

University Color: Blue

1. Deepen individuals’ awareness of the value of the cultural heritage;

Brief history of the Department

The philosophy of this programme is based on the belief that:

Objectives of the Programme

And in view of the

The programme has the following objectives:

Candidates with the following qualifications are eligible for admission:

1) Diploma in Mathematics/Mathematics Education.

The Current Summary of the Minimum Requirement for Graduation is as follows:

S/N COURSE COURSE TITLE STATUS

S/N COURSE COURSE TITLE STATUS

Level III Courses

S/N COURSE COURSE TITLE STATUS

S/N COURSE COURSE TITLE STATUS

MTH 1302: Elementary Mathematics II (Vectors and Geometry) (3 Credit Units)

MTH 1303: Elementary Mathematics III (Calculus I) ( 3 Credit Units)

STA 1311: Probability I (3 Credit Units)

MTH 2302: Elementary Differential Equations (Calculus III) (3 Credits Units)

MTH 2204: Linear Algebra II (2 Credits Units)

MTH 2306: Introduction to Numerical Analysis (3 Credits Units)

MTH 2307: Real Analysis I (3 Credits Units)

MTH 2208: Vector Analysis (3 Credits Units)

MTH 2310: Introduction to Mathematical Computing

STA 2211: Probability II (2 Credit Units)

MTH 2213: Elements of Set Theory (2 Credit Units)

MTH 2214: Logic and Algebra (2 Credit Units)

Level III Courses

MTH 3302: Abstract Algebra II (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3303: Numerical Analysis I (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3304: Complex Analysis I (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3305: Complex Analysis II (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3306: Metric Space Topology (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3307: Vector and Tensor Analysis (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3308: Differential Equations I (ODE) (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3310: Real Analysis II (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3311: Introduction to Mathematical Modelling (3 Credit Units)

MTH 3312: Numerical Analysis II (3 Credits Units)

MTH 3313: Introduction to Differential Geometry (3 Credits Units)

MTH 3314: Discrete Mathematics

MTH 3315: Differential Equations II (PDE) (3 Credits Units)

MTH 4301: Differential Equations III (Theory of ODE)

MTH 4302: Differential Equations IV (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4303: Functional Analysis (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4205: Research Methodology (2 Credit Units)

MTH 4306: Dynamical Systems (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4307: Operations Research I (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4308: Operations Research II (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4309: Linear Systems Theory (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4310: Stochastic Processes (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4311: Classical Theory of Numbers (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4312: Group Theory (3 Credit Units)

MTH 4314: Optimization Methods (3 Credit Units)