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    04 - Data Communication

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    puterisuhana
    This document provides an overview of data communication and related concepts: - It discusses data communication between two devices over networks using protocols. The communication occurs between two endpoints using an agreed upon protocol. - It introduces the OSI model which defines a standard way to break down data communication into layers. - It covers character codes like ASCII which assigns numeric values to characters to allow computers to process text, and Unicode which extends this to support many languages globally.

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    04 - Data Communication

    Uploaded by

    puterisuhana
    20 views15 pages
    This document provides an overview of data communication and related concepts: - It discusses data communication between two devices over networks using protocols. The communication occurs between two endpoints using an agreed upon protocol. - It introduces the OSI model which defines a standard way to break down data communication into layers. - It covers character codes like ASCII which assigns numeric values to characters to allow computers to process text, and Unicode which extends this to support many languages globally.

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    This document provides an overview of data communication and related concepts: - It discusses data communication between two devices over networks using protocols. The communication occurs between two endpoints using an agreed upon protocol. - It introduces the OSI model which defines a standard way to break down data communication into layers. - It covers character codes like ASCII which assigns numeric values to characters to allow computers to process text, and Unicode which extends this to support many languages globally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views15 pages

    04 - Data Communication

    Uploaded by

    puterisuhana
    This document provides an overview of data communication and related concepts: - It discusses data communication between two devices over networks using protocols. The communication occurs between two endpoints using an agreed upon protocol. - It introduces the OSI model which defines a standard way to break down data communication into layers. - It covers character codes like ASCII which assigns numeric values to characters to allow computers to process text, and Unicode which extends this to support many languages globally.

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    You are on page 1of 15

    4.

    0 DATA COMMUNICATION

    DR NORAZRENA ABU SAMAH


    School of Education
    Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
    4.1
    DATA COMMUNICATION
    Data Communication

    • Data Communications
    between two devices
    • Networks provide
    networking services
    between two entities
    • The communications
    between two end-
    points uses Protocol

    3
    1. The user clicks on a link to indicate which document is to be
    retrieved.

    The browser must determine the address that contains the


    document. It does this by sending a query to its local name
    2.
    server.

    Once the address is known the browser establishes a


    3. connection to the specified machine, usually a Transmission
    Control Protocol (TCP) connection. In order for the
    connection to be successful, the specified machine must be
    ready to accept TCP connections.
    4.
    The browser runs a client version of HTTP, which issues a
    request specifying both the name of the document and the
    possible document formats it can handle.
    5.
    The machine that contains the requested document runs a
    server version of HTTP. It reacts to the HTTP request by
    sending an HTTP response which contains the desired
    6. document in the appropriate format.
    The TCP connection is then closed and the user may view the
    document.
    Data Communication

    Request

    HTTP HTTP
    client server
    Response

    Figure 2.1
    Data Communication

    6
    4.2
    OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT
    (OSI) MODEL
    OSI Model

    8
    4.3
    CHARACTER CODES
    ASCII

    • It is an acronym for the American Standard Code


    for Information Interchange.
    • It is a standard seven-bit code that was first
    proposed by the American National Standards
    Institute or ANSI in 1963, and finalized in 1968 as
    ANSI Standard X3.4.
    • The purpose of ASCII was to provide a standard to
    code various symbols ( visible and invisible
    symbols)
    10
    ASCII

    • Bytes can represent any


    collection of items using a
    “look-up table” approach
    • ASCII is used to represent
    characters
    ASCII

    • In the ASCII character set, each binary value


    between 0 and 127 represents a specific character.
    • Most computers extend the ASCII character set to
    use the full range of 256 characters available in a
    byte. The upper 128 characters handle special
    things like accented characters from common
    foreign languages.
    ASCII

    • Externally, it appears that human beings will use


    natural languages symbols to communicate with
    computer.
    • But internally, computer will convert everything
    into binary data.
    • Then process all information in binary world.
    • Finally, computer will convert binary information
    to human understandable languages.
    Unicode

    • A worldwide character-encoding standard


    • Its main objective is to enable a single, unique
    character set that is capable of supporting all
    characters from all scripts, as well as symbols, that
    are commonly utilized for computer processing
    throughout the globe
    • Fun fact: Unicode is capable of encoding about at
    least 1,110,000 characters!

    14
    Unicode Text Encoding Examples
    Character Code Point UTF-16 UTF-8
    a U+0061 0061 61
    ä U+00E4 00E4 C3 A0
    σ U+03C3 03C3 CF 83
    ‫א‬ U+05D0 05D0 D7 90
    ٣ U+0663 0663 D9 A3
    カ U+30AB 30AB E3 82 AB
    退 U+9000 9000 E9 80 80
    𡯁 U+21BC1 D846 DFC1 F0 A1 AF 81

    15 Unicode Overview 24-Mar-22

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