TRANS SERVICE NET SYSTEM

By

Names of Group Members

Jindal Gul (IT-19-035)

Rehman Shaikh (IT-19-052)
Sarfaraz Magsi (IT-19-059)

Supervised by
Dr. Riaz Ahmed Shaikh

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of BS Program
In
Computer
Science
at

Shah Abdul Latif University

Khairpur, Pakistan

February,2023
 ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE

TRANS SERVICE NET SYSTEM

By

Name of group members

Jindal Gul (IT-19-035)

Rehman Shaikh (IT-19-052)
Sarfaraz Magsi (IT-19-059)

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillments of the

requirements for the degree of BS Program

In
Computer Science

We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard

Supervisor: Dr. Riaz Ahmed Shaikh _______________________

FYP Coordinator: Dr. Riaz Ahmed Shaikh _______________________

Chairman/HOD: Dr. Javed Mahar _______________________

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge and give our warmest thanks to our

supervisor
Dr. Riaz Ahmed who made this work possible. His guidance and advice carried
us through all the stages of writing our project. I would also like to thank our
committee members for letting our defense be an enjoyable moment, and for
your brilliant comments and suggestions, thanks to you.

We would also like to give special thanks to our Parents and our family
as a whole for their continuous support and understanding when undertaking
our research and writing our project. Your prayer for us was what sustained us
this far.

Finally, we would like to thanks Allah, for letting us through all the
difficulties. we have experienced your guidance day by day. You are the one
who let us finish our degree. we will keep on trusting you for our future.
 DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to my parents, and

Teachers, great role models and friends, and my
brothers, and the rest of the family, for always
believing in me, inspiring me, and encouraging
me to reach higher in order to achieve my goals.
 ABBREVIATION

CS Computer science
IT Information Technology
CBIR Content based image retrieval
CPU Central processing unit
AI Artificial intelligence
PC Personal Computer
DIT Diploma of Information Technology
 CONTENTS

Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction: ___________________________________________1
1.2 Trans Service Net:______________________________________ 2
1.3 Username & Password:__________________________________ 2
Chapter 2
2.1 Literature Review: ____________________________________ 3
2.2 System Booking: _____________________________________ 3
2.3 System Work behavior:_________________________________4
Chapter 3
3.1 System Analysis: ______________________________________5
3.2 Identification of Need: __________________________________ 5
3.3 Further drawbacks of the Existing System: __________________6
Chapter 4
4.1 Feasibility Study: ______________________________________ 7
4.2 Technical Feasibility: ____________________________________ 7
4.3 Payment Master: _______________________________________ 8
4.4 Economic Feasibility: ____________________________________9
4.5 Customer Transaction: __________________________________10
4.6 Route Master: _________________________________________11
Chapter 5
5.1 Software Requirement Specification: _______________________12
5.2 Tools, Plans, Languages Used: ___________________________14
5.3 Crystal Reports: _______________________________________25
Chapter 6
6.1 DBMS: ______________________________________________33
6.2 Oracle: ______________________________________________33
6.3 SQL: ________________________________________________38
6.4 Problem Statement: ____________________________________39
6.5 Motivation: ___________________________________________39
 Page |1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

This Software project is aimed at automation of a Travel Agency. Objective of

the project is to develop customize software package for Travel Agencies. The
system also provides a comprehensive mechanism of ticket booking for any
travel agency. TRANS SERVICE NET is designed to help wide range of travel
agencies come together and provide service to the customer. TRANS SERVICE
NET comprehensive functionality helps the agencies expand their horizons in
the field of providing service to the customers.
 Page |2

The system also provides a comprehensive mechanism of ticket

booking for any travel agency. TRANS SERVICE NET is designed to help wide
range of travel agencies come together and provide service to the customer.
TRANS SERVICE NET comprehensive functionality helps the agencies expand
their horizons in the field of providing service to the customers.

Username & Password: In this area accountant open application with user
name & password applying by given them.
 Page |3

Literature Review

The Trans Service Net system is currently maintaining the Transport

Company’s process manually which is a very time-consuming process. It deals
with transport industry’s ticket booking and transport maintenance, so it
becomes a very tedious job for the transporter to look after these particulars to
complete the task at right time. The Trans Service Net system not only deals
with transporters owned vehicles but also takes into consideration about the
other types of transport vehicles available with other transporters.

System:

Local Booking:

In this field of booking the agency provides the services available with its
agency local to its area.

Non local Booking:

In this field the agency provides the services available with non-local
agency. But service to the customer it provided by non-local providers of the
same agency.

Shared Booking:

In this field the agency can book the tickets for the customers with the
services provided by other travel agencies. In this case customer handling is
taken care by the other agency.
 Page |4

System Work Behavior:

All the travel agencies register to a common service called web

service as a client after which they are liable to interact with other travel
agencies who provide services at different levels. A client has to provide the
web service with all the necessary information regarding his travel agency or a
client may hold a site himself.

A web service hold the latest information regarding all its clients
such as the different modes of transportation a travel agency hold, present
status of the transportation, rates etc.

When a particular travel agency books a ticket for a customer for

his agency within his area or other the change should be reflected on to the
web service. So that others clients get the latest information regarding the
service.

The entire project is based on the E-commerce architecture where

a transaction between the agencies has to be handled via the web service.
 Page |5

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Definition and reason for Condition Analysis

System analysis will be performed to determine if it is feasible to design

an information based on policies and plans of the organization and on user
requirements and to eliminate the weaknesses of the present system.

General requirements are: -

1. The new system should be cost effective.

2. To augment management, improve productivity and services.
3. To enhance User/System interface.
4. To improve information qualify and usability.
5. To upgrade system’s reliability, availability, flexibility and growth
potential.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEED

The Trans Service Net system is currently maintaining the Transport

Company’s process manually which is a very time consuming process. It deals
with transport industry’s ticket booking and transport maintenance, so it
becomes a very tedious job for the transporter to look after these particulars to
complete the task at right time. The Trans Service Net system not only deals
with transporters owned vehicles but also takes into consideration about the
other types of transport vehicles available with other transporters.
 Page |6

Further Drawbacks of the Existing System

The following are the drawbacks of the existing manual System.

Time Delay: In the existing system, information related to all transactions is

stored in different registers. Since all the transactions are stored in different
registers it takes lot of time to prepare different reports.

Redundancy: As the information passes through different registers, each

register is consolidated and sent to next register. So the same information is
being tabulated at each register, which involves lot of complication and
duplication in work, thus it causes redundancy.

Accuracy: Since the same data is compiled at different sections, the possibility
of tabulating data wrongly increases. Also if the data is more, validations
become difficult. This may result in loss of accuracy of data.

Information Retrieval: As the information is stored in the particular Format, it

can only be retrieved in the same format. But if it is to be retrieve in different
format, it is not possible.

Storage Media: In the existing system, data transaction being stored on too
long registers it is very difficult to refer after some time.

Reports: At the various reports are tabulated manually. They are not such

Attractive and require more time. They do not provide adequate help in
maintaining the accounts.

Enquiry: Enquiry for different level of information is much more difficult. On line
enquiry of data is not possible.
 Page |7

FEASIBILITY STUDY

TECHINICAL FEASIBILITY:

Evaluating the technical feasibility is the trickiest part of a feasibility

study. This is because, at this point in time, not too many detailed design of the
system, making it difficult to access issues like performance, costs on (on
account of the kind of technology to be deployed) etc.

A number of issues have to be considered while doing a technical analysis.

i) Understand the different technologies involved in the proposed system:

Before commencing the project, we have to be very clear about what are the
technologies that are to be required for the development of the new system.

ii) Find out whether the organization currently possesses the required
technologies:

Is the required technology available with the organization?

If so is the capacity sufficient?

For instance –

“Will the current printer be able to handle the new reports and forms required
for the new system?”

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information
systems that will meet the organizations operating requirements. Simply stated,
this test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it is developed and
installed. Are there major barriers to Implementation? Here are questions that
will help test the operational feasibility of a project:
 Page |8

 Is there sufficient support for the project from management from users? If
the current system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not
be able to see reasons for change, there may be resistance.

 Are the current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not,

Users may welcome a change that will bring about a more operational and
useful systems.

 Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the project?

Early involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and in

general and increases the likelihood of successful project.

Since the proposed system was to help reduce the hardships encountered in
the existing manual system, the new system was considered to be operational
feasible.

Payment Master:

Prepaying for your energy lets you pay small amounts often, but it's usually a
more expensive way to pay than getting a bill. If you have a smart meter, your
 Page |9

supplier can change its setting from credit to prepayment

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:

Economic feasibility attempts 2 weigh the costs of developing and

implementing a new system, against the benefits that would accrue from

having the new system in place. This feasibility study gives the top

management the economic justification for the new system.

A simple economic analysis which gives the actual comparison of

costs and benefits are much more meaningful in this case. In addition, this

proves to be a useful point of reference to compare actual costs as the project

progresses. There could be various types of intangible benefits on account of

automation. These could include increased customer satisfaction,

improvement in product quality better decision making timeliness of

information, expediting activities, improved accuracy of operations, better

documentation and record keeping, faster retrieval of information, better

employee morale.
 P a g e | 10

Customer Transaction

A transaction is a completed agreement between a company and a customer

to exchange services, or financial assets in return for money. The term is also
commonly used in corporate accounting.

Route Master

This allows you to create the route number, define route points between
locations based on vehicle type and capability to transport over
 P a g e | 11

Street Master:

Street masters is the key component to gaining confidence and skill. This
training empowers riders to boldly travel throughout the world.

In this area set the street number & name likely complete addresses.
 P a g e | 12

City Master:

In this area set the name of city postal number & city names.

The City becomes your professional base for establishing your destination that
attracts millions of peoples.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION:

The software, Trans Service Net, which is designed for administrating &
automating all the major activities that are carried out in an Travel Agency to
increase the efficiency of the Agency in order to provide better service to the
customer.
 P a g e | 13

INTRODUCTION

Purpose: The main purpose for preparing this document is to give a general
insight into the analysis and requirements of the existing system or situation
and for determining the operating characteristics of the system.

Scope: This Document plays a vital role in the development life cycle (SDLC)

As it describes the complete requirement of the system. It is meant for use by

the developers and will be the basic during testing phase. Any changes made to
the requirements in the future will have to go through formal change approval
process.

Developers Responsibilities Overview:

The developer is responsible for:

1) Developing the system, which meets the SRS and solving all the
requirements of the system.

2) Demonstrating the system and installing the system at client's location after
the acceptance testing is successful.

3) Submitting the required user manual describing the system interfaces to

work on it and also the documents of the system.

4) Conducting any user training that might be needed for using the system.

5) Maintaining the system for a period of one year after installation.

Functional Requirements:

Inputs: The major inputs for Trans Service Net can be categorized module -

wise. Basically all the information is managed by the software and in order to

access the information one has to produce one's identity by entering the user-id

and password. Every user has his/her own domain of access beyond which the
 P a g e | 14

access is dynamically refrained rather denied.

Output: The major outputs of the system are tables and reports. Tables are

created dynamically to meet the requirements on demand. Reports, as it is

obvious, carry the gist of the whole information that flows across the institution.

This application must be able to produce output at different modules for

different inputs.

Performance Requirements:

Performance is measured in terms of reports generated weekly and monthly.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Hardware:

Processor : Intel Pentium or more

Ram : 256 MB or more

Cache : 512 KB

Hard disk : 16 GB hard disk recommended for primary partition.

Software:

Operating system : All editions: Windows NT 4.0/ 2000 or later or windows

Front End Software: Visual Basic.NET

 P a g e | 15

Backend Software : Oracle 8i

TOOLS, PLATFORM/LANGUAGES USED

SELECTED SOFTWARE

ABOUT VB.Net

Overview of the .NET Framework

The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application

development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .NET
Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:

 To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment

whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but
Internet-distributed, or executed remotely.
 To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software
deployment and versioning conflicts.
 To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe
 P a g e | 16

execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-

trusted third party.
 To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the
performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.
 To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying
types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-
based applications.
 To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code
based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.

The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language
runtime and the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime
is the foundation of the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an
agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as
memory management, thread management, and remoting, while also enforcing
strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that ensure security and
robustness. In fact, the concept of code management is a fundamental
principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known as managed
code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as unmanaged code.
The class library, the other main component of the .NET Framework, is a
comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can use to
develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user
interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations
provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services.

The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the
common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of
managed code, thereby creating a software environment that can exploit both
managed and unmanaged features. The .NET Framework not only provides
several runtime hosts, but also supports the development of third-party runtime
hosts.

For example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime to provide a scalable, server-side

environment for managed code. ASP.NET works directly with the runtime to
enable Web Forms applications and XML Web services, both of which are
 P a g e | 17

discussed later in this topic.

Internet Explorer is an example of an unmanaged application that hosts the

runtime (in the form of a MIME type extension). Using Internet Explorer to host
the runtime enables you to embed managed components or Windows Forms
controls in HTML documents. Hosting the runtime in this way makes managed
mobile code (similar to Microsoft® ActiveX® controls) possible, but with
significant improvements that only managed code can offer, such as semi-
trusted execution and secure isolated file storage.

The following illustration shows the relationship of the common language

runtime and the class library to your applications and to the overall system. The
illustration also shows how managed code operates within a larger architecture.

Features of the Common Language Runtime

The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code

execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other system services.
These features are intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common
language runtime.

With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of

trust, depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the
Internet, enterprise network, or local computer). This means that a managed
component might or might not be able to perform file-access operations,
registry-access operations, or other sensitive functions, even if it is being used
in the same active application.

The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can trust that
an executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or
sing a song, but cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The
security features of the runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-deployed
software to be exceptionally feature rich.

The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type- and
 P a g e | 18

code-verification infrastructure called the common type system (CTS). The CTS
ensures that all managed code is self-describing. The various Microsoft and
third-party language compilers generate managed code that conforms to the
CTS. This means that managed code can consume other managed types and
instances, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and type safety.

In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common

software issues. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout
and manages references to objects, releasing them when they are no longer
being used. This automatic memory management resolves the two most
common application errors, memory leaks and invalid memory references.

The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example,

programmers can write applications in their development language of choice,
yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components written
in other languages by other developers. Any compiler vendor who chooses to
target the runtime can do so. Language compilers that target the .NET
Framework make the features of the .NET Framework available to existing
code written in that language, greatly easing the migration process for existing
applications.

While the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also supports
software of today and yesterday. Interoperability between managed and
unmanaged code enables developers to continue to use necessary COM
components and DLLs.

The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Although the common

language runtime provides many standard runtime services, managed code is
never interpreted. A feature called just-in-time (JIT) compiling enables all
managed code to run in the native machine language of the system on which it
is executing. Meanwhile, the memory manager removes the possibilities of
fragmented memory and increases memory locality-of-reference to further
increase performance.

Finally, the runtime can be hosted by high-performance, server-side

 P a g e | 19

applications, such as Microsoft® SQL Server™ and Internet Information

Services (IIS). This infrastructure enables you to use managed code to write
your business logic, while still enjoying the superior performance of the
industry's best enterprise servers that support runtime hosting.

.NET Framework Class Library

The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly
integrate with the common language runtime. The class library is object
oriented, providing types from which your own managed code can derive
functionality. This not only makes the .NET Framework types easy to use, but
also reduces the time associated with learning new features of the .NET
Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate seamlessly with
classes in the .NET Framework.

For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set of

interfaces that you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your
collection classes will blend seamlessly with the classes in the .NET
Framework.

As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET Framework
types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming tasks,
including tasks such as string management, data collection, database
connectivity, and file access. In addition to these common tasks, the class
library includes types that support a variety of specialized development
scenarios. For example, you can use the .NET Framework to develop the
following types of applications and services:

 Console applications.
 Scripted or hosted applications.
 Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
 ASP.NET applications.
 XML Web services.
 Windows services.
 P a g e | 20

For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable
types that vastly simplify Windows GUI development. If you write an ASP.NET
Web Form application, you can use the Web Forms classes.

Client Application Development

Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of application in

Windows-based programming. These are the types of applications that display
windows or forms on the desktop, enabling a user to perform a task. Client
applications include applications such as word processors and spreadsheets,
as well as custom business applications such as data-entry tools, reporting
tools, and so on. Client applications usually employ windows, menus, buttons,
and other GUI elements, and they likely access local resources such as the file
system and peripherals such as printers.

Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveX control (now

replaced by the managed Windows Forms control) deployed over the Internet
as a Web page. This application is much like other client applications: it is
executed natively, has access to local resources, and includes graphical
elements.

In the past, developers created such applications using C/C++ in conjunction

with the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) or with a rapid application
development (RAD) environment such as Microsoft® Visual Basic®. The .NET
Framework incorporates aspects of these existing products into a single,
consistent development environment that drastically simplifies the
development of client applications.

The Windows Forms classes contained in the .NET Framework are designed to
be used for GUI development. You can easily create command windows,
buttons, menus, toolbars, and other screen elements with the flexibility
necessary to accommodate shifting business needs.

For example, the .NET Framework provides simple properties to adjust visual
attributes associated with forms. In some cases the underlying operating
 P a g e | 21

system does not support changing these attributes directly, and in these cases
the .NET Framework automatically recreates the forms. This is one of many
ways in which the .NET Framework integrates the developer interface, making
coding simpler and more consistent.

Unlike ActiveX controls, Windows Forms controls have semi-trusted access to

a user's computer. This means that binary or natively executing code can
access some of the resources on the user's system (such as GUI elements and
limited file access) without being able to access or compromise other
resources. Because of code access security, many applications that once
needed to be installed on a user's system can now be safely deployed through
the Web. Your applications can implement the features of a local application
while being deployed like a Web page.

Server Application Development

Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through

runtime hosts. Unmanaged applications host the common language runtime,
which allows your custom managed code to control the behavior of the server.
This model provides you with all the features of the common language runtime
and class library while gaining the performance and scalability of the host
server.

The following illustration shows a basic network schema with managed code
running in different server environments. Servers such as IIS and SQL Server
can perform standard operations while your application logic executes through
the managed code.

Server-side managed code

ASP.NET is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .NET
Framework to target Web-based applications. However, ASP.NET is more than
just a runtime host; it is a complete architecture for developing Web sites and
Internet-distributed objects using managed code. Both Web Forms and XML
Web services use IIS and ASP.NET as the publishing mechanism for
 P a g e | 22

applications, and both have a collection of supporting classes in the .NET

Framework.

XML Web services, an important evolution in Web-based technology, are

distributed, server-side application components similar to common Web sites.
However, unlike Web-based applications, XML Web services components have
no UI and are not targeted for browsers such as Internet Explorer and Netscape
Navigator. Instead, XML Web services consist of reusable software
components designed to be consumed by other applications, such as
traditional client applications, Web-based applications, or even other XML Web
services. As a result, XML Web services technology is rapidly moving
application development and deployment into the highly distributed
environment of the Internet.

If you have used earlier versions of ASP technology, you will immediately notice
the improvements that ASP.NET and Web Forms offers. For example, you can
develop Web Forms pages in any language that supports the .NET Framework.
In addition, your code no longer needs to share the same file with your HTTP
text (although it can continue to do so if you prefer). Web Forms pages execute
in native machine language because, like any other managed application, they
take full advantage of the runtime. In contrast, unmanaged ASP pages are
always scripted and interpreted. ASP.NET pages are faster, more functional,
and easier to develop than unmanaged ASP pages because they interact with
the runtime like any managed application.

The .NET Framework also provides a collection of classes and tools to aid in
development and consumption of XML Web services applications. XML Web
services are built on standards such as SOAP (a remote procedure-call
protocol), XML (an extensible data format), and WSDL ( the Web Services
Description Language). The .NET Framework is built on these standards to
promote interoperability with non-Microsoft solutions.

For example, the Web Services Description Language tool included with the
.NET Framework SDK can query an XML Web service published on the Web,
parse its WSDL description, and produce C# or Visual Basic source code that
 P a g e | 23

your application can use to become a client of the XML Web service. The
source code can create classes derived from classes in the class library that
handle all the underlying communication using SOAP and XML parsing.
Although you can use the class library to consume XML Web services directly,
the Web Services Description Language tool and the other tools contained in
the SDK facilitate your development efforts with the .NET Framework.

If you develop and publish your own XML Web service, the .NET Framework
provides a set of classes that conform to all the underlying communication
standards, such as SOAP, WSDL, and XML. Using those classes enables you to
focus on the logic of your service, without concerning yourself with the
communications infrastructure required by distributed software development.

Finally, like Web Forms pages in the managed environment, your XML Web
service will run with the speed of native machine language using the scalable
communication of IIS.

Introduction to Windows Forms (Visual Basic.NET)

Windows Forms is the new platform for Microsoft Windows application

development, based on the .NET Framework. This framework provides a clear,
object-oriented, extensible set of classes that enable you to develop rich
Windows applications. Additionally, Windows Forms can act as the local user
interface in a multi-tier distributed solution. Windows Forms is a framework for
building Windows client applications that utilize the common language runtime.
Windows Forms applications can be written in any language that the common
language runtime supports.

What is a Form?

A form is a bit of screen real estate, usually rectangular, that you can use to
present information to the user and to accept input from the user. Forms can
be standard windows, multiple document interface (MDI) windows, dialog
 P a g e | 24

boxes, or display surfaces for graphical routines. The easiest way to define the
user interface for a form is to place controls on its surface. Forms are objects
that expose properties which define their appearance, methods which define
their behavior, and events which define their interaction with the user. By
setting the properties of the form and writing code to respond to its events, you
customize the object to meet the requirements of your application.

As with all objects in the .NET Framework, forms are instances of classes. The
form you create with the Windows Forms Designer is a class, and when you
display an instance of the form at run time, this class is the template used to
create the form. The framework also allows you to inherit from existing forms
to add functionality or modify existing behavior. When you add a form to your
project, you can choose whether it inherits from the Form class provided by the
framework, or from a form you have previously created.

Additionally, forms are controls, because they inherit from the Control class.

Within a Windows Forms project, the form is the primary vehicle for user
interaction. By combining different sets of controls and writing code, you can
elicit information from the user and respond to it, work with existing stores of
data, and query and write back to the file system and registry on the user's local
computer.

Although the form can be created entirely in the Code Editor, it is easier to use
the Windows Forms Designer to create and modify forms.

Some of the advantages of using Windows Forms include the following:

 Simplicity and power: Windows Forms is a programming model for

developing Windows applications that combines the simplicity of the
Visual Basic 6.0 programming model with the power and flexibility of
the common language runtime.
 Lower total cost of ownership: Windows Forms takes advantage of
the versioning and deployment features of the common language
runtime to offer reduced deployment costs and higher application
 P a g e | 25

robustness over time. This significantly lowers the maintenance

costs (TCO) for applications written in Windows Forms.
 Architecture for controls: Windows Forms offers an architecture for
controls and control containers that is based on concrete
implementation of the control and container classes. This
significantly reduces control-container interoperability issues.
 Security: Windows Forms takes full advantage of the security
features of the common language runtime. This means that Windows
Forms can be used implement everything from an untrusted control
running in the browser to a fully trusted application installed on a
user's hard disk.
 XML Web services support: Windows Forms offers full support for
quickly and easily connecting to XML Web services.
 Rich graphics: Windows Forms is one of the first ship vehicles for
GDI+, a new version of the Windows Graphical Device Interface (GDI)
that supports alpha blending, texture brushes, advanced transforms,
rich text support, and more.
 Flexible controls: Windows Forms offers a rich set of controls that
encompass all of the controls offered by Windows. These controls
also offer new features, such as "flat look" styles for buttons, radio
buttons, and check boxes.
 Data awareness: Windows Forms offers full support for the ADO data
model.
 ActiveX control support: Windows Forms offers full support for
ActiveX controls. You can easily host ActiveX controls in a Windows
Forms application. You can also host a Windows Forms control as an
ActiveX control.
 Licensing: Windows Forms takes advantage of the common language
runtime enhanced licensing model.
 Printing: Windows Forms offers a printing framework that enables
applications to provide comprehensive reports.
 Accessibility: Windows Forms controls implement the interfaces
defined by Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA), which make it
simple to build applications that support accessibility aids, such as
 P a g e | 26

screen readers.
 Design-time support: Windows Forms takes full advantage of the
meta-data and component model features offered by the common
language runtime to provide thorough design-time support for both
control users and control implementers.
 P a g e | 27

Crystal Reports

Crystal Reports for Visual Basic .NET is the standard reporting tool for Visual
Basic.NET; it brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content
— which has been the strength of Crystal Reports for years — to the .NET
platform.

With Crystal Reports for Visual Basic.NET, you can host reports on Web and
Windows platforms and publish Crystal reports as Report Web Services on a
Web server.

To present data to users, you could write code to loop through recordsets and
print them inside your Windows or Web application. However, any work beyond
basic formatting can be complicated: consolidations, multiple level totals,
charting, and conditional formatting are difficult to program.

With Crystal Reports for Visual Studio .NET, you can quickly create complex
and professional-looking reports. Instead of coding, you use the Crystal Report
Designer interface to create and format the report you need. The powerful
Report Engine processes the formatting, grouping, and charting criteria you
specify.
 P a g e | 28

Report Experts

Using the Crystal Report Experts, you can quickly create reports based on your
development needs:

 Choose from report layout options ranging from standard reports to

form letters, or build your own report from scratch.
 Display charts that users can drill down on to view detailed report data.
 Calculate summaries, subtotals, and percentages on grouped data.
 Show TopN or BottomN results of data.
 Conditionally format text and rotate text objects.
 P a g e | 29

ACTIVE X DATA OBJECTS

In Visual Basic .Net, three data access interfaces are available: Active X
Data Objects (ADO), Remote Data Objects (RDO) and Data Access Objects
(DAO). These access interfaces are used to access the data from database.

Why use ADO?

Consistently accessing data within the enterprise is a challenge for

today's business applications. ODBC provides the first step toward overcoming
this challenge by enabling applications to access relational databases.
However, as developers and system architects want to include non-relational
data sources and to work in environments such as the Internet, they encounter
the dilemma of either developing their own data-access paradigms or working
with application program interfaces (APIs) that are incompatible in the new
environments. Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects (ADO) along with OLEDB
solves this dilemma by providing a single model that works with all data
sources in a variety of environments.

ADO provides consistent, high-performance access to data, whether

you're creating a front-end database client or middle-tier business object using
an application, tool, language, or even an Internet browser. ADO is the single
data interface you need for developing 1- to n-tier client/server and Web-based,
data-driven solutions.

This paper introduces ADO and the ADO programming model for
application developers who are targeting Microsoft SQL Server™. Particular
attention is given to taking advantage of SQL Server features with ADO, such as
stored procedures and server cursors. The concepts presented in the sections
titled "The ADO Object Model" and "Using ADO with Visual Basic, VBScript,
Visual C++, and Java" are applicable to all ADO programmers.
 P a g e | 30

ADO Overview

ADO was first introduced as the data access interface in Microsoft

Internet Information Server (IIS). ADO is easy to use because it is called using a
familiar metaphor: the Automation interface, available from just about any tool
and language on the market today. Because of its popularity as an easy-to-use,
lightweight interface to all kinds of data, and the growing need for an interface
spanning many tools and languages, ADO is being enhanced to combine the
best features of, and eventually replace, RDO and DAO, the data access
interfaces in widest use today. ADO is in many ways similar to RDO and DAO.
For example, it uses similar language conventions. ADO provides simpler
semantics, which makes it easy to learn for today's developers.

ADO is designed to be the application-level interface to OLEDB,

Microsoft's newest and most powerful data access paradigm. OLEDB provides
high-performance access to any data source. Together ADO and OLEDB form
the foundation of the Universal Data Access strategy. OLEDB enables universal
access to any data. ADO makes it easy for developers to program. Because
ADO is built on top of OLEDB, it benefits from the rich universal data access
infrastructure that OLEDB provides.

OLEDB Overview

OLEDB is an open specification designed to build on the success of

ODBC by providing an open standard for accessing all kinds of data throughout
the enterprise. OLEDB is a core technology supporting universal data access.
Whereas ODBC was created to access relational databases, OLEDB is designed
for the relational and non-relational information sources, such as mail stores,
text and graphical data for the Web, directory services, and IMS and VSAM data
stored in the mainframe. OLEDB components consist of data providers, which
expose data; data consumers, which use data; and service components, which
process and transport data (for example, query processors and cursor engines).
 P a g e | 31

These components are designed to integrate smoothly to help OLEDB

component vendors quickly bring high-quality OLEDB components to market.
OLEDB includes a bridge to ODBC to enable continued support for the broad
range of ODBC relational database drivers available today.

OLEDB Providers

There are two types of OLEDB applications: consumers and providers. A

consumer can be any application that uses or consumes OLEDB interfaces. For
example, a Microsoft Visual C++® application that uses OLEDB interfaces to
connect to a database server is an OLEDB consumer. The ADO object model
that uses OLEDB interfaces is an OLEDB consumer. Any application that uses
the ADO object model uses OLEDB interfaces indirectly through the ADO
objects. An OLEDB provider implements OLEDB interfaces; therefore, an OLEDB
provider allows consumers to access data in a uniform way through a known
set of documented interfaces. In a sense, an OLEDB provider is similar to an
ODBC driver that provides a uniform mechanism for accessing relational data.
OLEDB providers not only provide a mechanism for relational data but also for
non-relational types of data. Furthermore, OLEDB providers are built on top of
Component Object Model (COM) interfaces that allow more flexibility; whereas
ODBC drivers build on top of a C API specification.

Microsoft OLEDB SDK version 1.1 shipped two OLEDB providers: the ODBC
Provider and sample text provider. The sample text provider is an example that
demonstrates the implementation detail of an OLEDB provider. The ODBC
Provider is an OLEDB provider for ODBC drivers. This provider enables
consumers to use the existing ODBC drivers without having to implement new
OLEDB providers to replace existing ODBC drivers. With OLEDB version 2.0,
providers for SQL Server, Oracle data, and Microsoft Jet databases were added
to the SDK. For more information about OLEDB and OLEDB providers, see the
OLEDB section of the Microsoft Data Access
 P a g e | 32

The ODBC Provider

The ODBC Provider maps OLEDB interfaces to ODBC APIs. With the
ODBC Provider, OLEDB consumers can connect to a database server through
the existing ODBC drivers in the following process: A consumer calls an OLEDB
interface on the ODBC Provider. The ODBC Provider invokes corresponding
ODBC APIs and sends the requests to an ODBC driver.

Because the ODBC Provider allows OLEDB consumers to use existing

ODBC drivers, there may be some performance concern about the additional
layer of the ODBC Provider on top of the existing ODBC driver manager. The
design goal of the ODBC Provider is to implement all the functionality of the
ODBC driver manager; therefore, the ODBC driver manager is not needed.
However, the ODBC Provider still requires the ODBC Driver Manager to support
connection pooling with ODBC applications.

The ADO Object Model

The ADO object model defines a collection of programmable objects that you
can use in Visual Basic, Visual C++, Microsoft Visual Basic, Scripting Edition,
Java, and any platform that supports both COM and Automation. The ADO
object model is designed to expose the most commonly used features of
OLEDB.

The ADO object model contains their objects:

 Connection
 Command
 Recordset

 The Connection Object

 P a g e | 33

The Connection object allows you to establish a communication link

with a data source. The Connection object provides a mechanism for
initializing and establishing the connection, executing queries, and using
transactions.

The underlying OLEDB provider used for connecting is not limited to the
ODBC Provider; you can also use other providers for connecting. Specify a
provider through the Provider property. If none is specified, MSDASQL (the
ODBC provider) is the default provider used for the connection.

 The Command Object

The Command object allows you to issue commands to the database.

These commands can be, but are not limited to, query strings, prepared query
strings, and associated parameters with query strings. The actual command
language and features supported are dependent on the underlying provider for
the database. The information and examples contained here focus on the
Microsoft ODBC Provider that supports a wide variety of relational databases.

 The Recordset Object

The Recordset object provides methods for manipulating result sets; it

allows you to add, update, delete, and scroll through records in the result set.
You can retrieve and update each record using the Fields collection and the
Field objects. You can make updates on the Recordset object in an immediate
or batch mode. When you create a Recordset object, a cursor is automatically
opened.

Dynamic Cursor

Allows you to view additions, changes and deletions by other users, and
allows all types of movement through the records that don’t rely on bookmarks;
Allows bookmarks if the provider supports them.

Key-set Cursor
 P a g e | 34

Behaves like a dynamic cursor, except that it prevents you from seeing
records that other users ad, and prevents access to records that other users
delete. Data changes by other users will still be visible. It always supports
bookmarks and therefore allows all types of movement through the Records.

Static Cursor

Provides a static copy of a set of records for you to use to find or

generate reports. Always allows bookmarks and therefore allows all types of
movement through the records. Additions, changes or deletions by other users
will not be visible. This is the only type of cursor allowed when you open a
client-side (ADO) records object.

Forward-only Cursor

Behaves identically to a dynamic cursor except that it allows you to

scroll only forward through records. This improves performance in situation
where you need to make only a single pass through a record.
 P a g e | 35

ABOUT ORACLE

DATABASE

A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data

and helps them transform the data into information. Such database
management systems include dBase, paradox, IMS, and Oracle. These
systems allow users to create, update and extract information from their
database.

A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the

characteristics of people, things and events. Oracle stores each data item in its
own fields. In oracle, the fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are
bundled together to form a single complete unit of data, called a record (it can
also be referred to as raw or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a
number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name.

During an Oracle Database design project, the analysis of your business

needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs
change over time, you define any additional fields or change the definition of
existing fields.

Oracle Tables

Oracle stores records relating to each other in a table. Different tables

are created for the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped
together to form a database.
 P a g e | 36

Primary Key

Every table in oracle has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely

identifies each record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary
Key, or simply the Key. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one
record from all other in a table. It allows the user and the database system to
identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the database.

Relational Database

Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be

stored in one table. Oracle makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables.
Matching an employee to the department in which they work is one example.
This is what makes oracle a relational database management system, or
RDBMS. It stores data in two or more tables and enables you to define
relationships between the tables and enables you to define relationships
between the tables.

Foreign Key

When a field is one table matches the primary key of another field is
referred to as a foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one
table whose values match those of the primary key of another table.

Referential Integrity

Not only does Oracle allow you to link multiple tables, it also maintains
consistency between them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is
correctly matched is referred to as maintaining referential integrity.

Data Abstraction

A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an

abstract view of the data. This system hides certain details of how the data is
stored and maintained. Data abstraction is divided into three levels.
 P a g e | 37

Physical level: This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes
how the data are actually stored.

Conceptual Level: At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and
what data are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among
them.

View level: This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only
part of the database.

Advantages of RDBMS

 Redundancy can be avoided

 Inconsistency can be eliminated
 Data can be Shared
 Standards can be enforced
 Security restrictions ca be applied
 Integrity can be maintained
 Conflicting requirements can be balanced
 Data independence can be achieved.

Disadvantages of DBMS

A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to

the cost of purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be
upgraded to allow for the extensive programs and the workspace required for
their execution and storage. While centralization reduces duplication, the lack
of duplication requires that the database be adequately backed up so that in
case of failure the data can be recovered.

FEATURES OF ORACLE (RDBMS)

ORACLE is the leading database management system (DBMS) because

it is the only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of today’s
most demanding information systems. From complex decision support
systems (DSS) to the most rigorous online transaction processing (OLTP)
 P a g e | 38

application, even application that require simultaneous DSS and OLTP access
to the same critical data, Oracle leads the industry in both performance and
capability

ORACLE is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS that delivers

unmatched performance, continuous operation and support for every database.

ORACLE RDBMS is high performance fault tolerant DBMS which is specially

designed for online transactions processing and for handling large database
application.

ORACLE with transactions processing option offers two features which

contribute to very high level of transaction processing throughput, which are

 The row level lock manager

 PL/SQL a procedural language extension to SQL

Enterprise wide Data Sharing

The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the ORACLE DBMS enables

all the systems in the organization to be linked into a singular, integrated
computing resource.

Portability

ORACLE is fully portable to more than 80 distinct hardware and

operating systems platforms, including UNIX, MSDOS, OS/2, Macintosh and
dozens of proprietary platforms. This portability gives complete freedom to
choose the database sever platform that meets the system requirements.

Open Systems

ORACLE offers a leading implementation of industry –standard SQL.

Oracle’s open architecture integrates ORACLE and non –ORACLE DBMS with
industries most comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party
software products Oracle’s Open architecture provides transparent access to
data from other relational database and even non-relational database.
 P a g e | 39

Distributed Data Sharing

Oracle’s networking and distributed database capabilities to access data

stored on remote server with the same ease as if the information was stored
on a single local computer. A single SQL statement can access data at
multiple sites. You can store data where system requirements such as
performance, security or availability dictate.

Unmatched Performance

The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the ORACLE

DBMS to deliver unmatched performance.

Sophisticated Concurrency Control

Real World applications demand access to critical data. With most

database Systems application becomes “contention bound” – which
performance is limited not by the CPU power or by disk I/O, but user waiting on
one another for data access. Oracle employs full, unrestricted row-level locking
and contention free queries to minimize and in many cases entirely eliminates
contention wait times.

No I/O Bottlenecks

Oracle’s fast commit groups commit and deferred write technologies

dramatically reduce disk I/O bottlenecks. While some database write whole
data block to disk at commit time, oracle commits transactions with at most
sequential log file on disk at commit time, On high throughput systems, one
sequential writes typically group commit multiple transactions. Data read by
the transaction remains as shared memory so that other transactions may
access that data without reading it again from disk. Since fast commits write
all data necessary to the recovery to the log file, modified blocks are written
back to the database independently of the transaction commit, when written
from memory to disk.

SQL * NET
 P a g e | 40

This is Oracle’s networking software, which interfaces between ORACLE

and the OS networking protocol. SQL * NET enables the integration of diverse,
OS, database, communication protocols and application to create a unified
computing information resource.

Application Development Tools

SQL * Plus

This is the primary interface to the ORACLE RDBMS. It provides a

powerful environment for querying, defining and controlling data. Based on a
full implementation of ANSI standard SQL, it also provides a rich set of
extensions in PL/SQL, another data manipulation language

SQL * MENU

It is a development tool for creating menu-based applications. It can

also tie together Oracle and non- – Oracle applications into a fully integrated
environment.

SQL * REPORTWRITER

It is an advanced report generation tool, which is a non-procedural

application development tool. It’s powerful formatting capabilities and fill-in-the
form interface allows the user to develop complex reports without resource to
extensive programming.
 P a g e | 41

Problem Statement

System analysis will be performed to determine if it is feasible to design an

information based on policies and plans of the organization and on user
requirements and to eliminate the weaknesses of the present system. General
requirements are: -

1. The new system should be cost effective.

2. To augment management, improve productivity and services.

3. To enhance User/System interface.

4. To improve information, qualify and usability.

5. To upgrade system’s reliability, availability, flexibility and growth potential.

Motivation

The Trans Service Net system is currently maintaining the Transport

Company’s process manually which is a very time-consuming process. It deals
with transport industry’s ticket booking and transport maintenance, so it
becomes a very tedious job for the transporter to look after these particulars to
complete the task at right time. The Trans Service Net system not only deals
with transporters owned vehicles but also takes into consideration about the
other types of transport vehicles available with other transporters.
 P a g e | 42

REFERENCES
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https://www.tutorialspoint.com
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