Saginaw Valley State University

2022 Math Olympics — Level II

1. For n ≥ 2, let kn be the product 5 · 10 · 17 · 26 · · · · · (n2 + 1), and let

1 1 1
    
Sn = 1 − 4 1 − 4 ··· 1 − 4 .
2 3 n

What is Sn /kn ?

1 1 1 1 n2 n4 + 1 1
 
(a) 1 + (b) (c) ·
2 (n!)2 n kn n4 + 1 2n + 2 n!

1 1 1
(d) (e) None of the above
kn n ((n − 1)!)4
4

2. Consider the following equation:

 x
3
3x − 6x = 12x − .
2

Which of the following is NOT a solution?

3πi 6πi 27πi

(a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
ln 2 ln 2 ln 2

(e) All are solutions

3. Consider the equation p(x) : ax2 + bx + c = 0 whose coefficients a, b and c are all non-zero,
and each of them satisfies an equation that results from removing the term containing that
coefficent from the equation p(x); for example, the coefficient b is a solution of the equation
ax2 + c = 0. What is the sum of all solutions of p(x)?

(a) Always 1 (b) Always −1 (c) Always 2 (d) 1 or −1 (e) 1 or 2

4. Find the sum of the first five terms of the series

2 4 8
 
, , ,... .
3 9 27

64 550 32 422
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) None of the above
81 243 81 243

5. Suppose f is a function such that f(n + 1) = f(n) + 3f(n − 1), for all integers n. If f(4) = 151 and
f(1) = 1, what is f(−1)?

(a) 12 (b) 4 (c) − 11

3 (d) 13
3 (e) None of the above
2022 SVSU Math Olympics Level II — page 2 of 7

6. Rationalize the denominator:

1
25/6 + 21/2+ 21/3 + 1

1 1/2 1 1/2
2 + 21/3 − 21/6 2 − 1 22/3 − 21/3 + 1




(a) (b)
6 3

1 7/6
2 − 25/6 + 1 (d) 21/2 − 1 22/3 − 21/3 + 1




(c)
2

(e) None of the above

7. What is the value of the following series?

2022
X 2022! · (−1)k 2k
k=0
k! · (2022 − k)!

1 − (−2)2023
(a) (b) −1 (c) 1
3

(d) 32022 (e) None of the above

8. Which of the following is equal to

p p p4 2
4
27 + 3 + 3 + 1 ?

4 p p4 p4 p
(a) √ √
4 (b) 4 3 + 4 (c) 2 27 + 2 3 + 6 3 + 6
3−2 3+1

16
(d) √ √
4 (e) None of the above
3+2 3+1

9. Which of the following expressions are equivalent to

1 2 1 1
   
1 1
(3x + 2) 2 3
(2x + 3)− 3 (2) − (2x + 3) 3 2
(3x + 2)− 2 (3)
1 2
h i
(3x + 2) 2

√ √
3
−5 2 3x + 2 − 3 2x + 3
(a) 4 (b) q q (c) 0
6 (2x + 3) 3 (3x + 2)2 3
6 (3x + 2)3 (2x + 3)2

6x + 19
(d) − 2 3 (e) None of the above
6 (2x + 3) 3 (3x + 2) 2
2022 SVSU Math Olympics Level II — page 3 of 7

10. A person walks along a beach, starting at point A, at a rate

of 3 mi/h and at point B, goes into the water and swims at a Island
rate of 2 mi/h diagonally out to an island that is a distance
√
of 3 mi from point C, directly across from the island on √
3 miles
the shore, as shown in the picture. The total distance from
point A to point C is 3 mi. There are two different choices A B C
for the distance, in miles, from point A to point B that will 3 miles
result in a total time for walking and swimming of one hour
and 40 minutes; what is the sum of those numbers?

14 16
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 5 (e) None of the above

olution]
2022 SVSU Math Olympics Level II — page 4 of 7

11. Which of the following is the solution set to the inequality

1 2
+ ≤ 5?
|x − 3| x − 3

h   i h  h 
18
(a) (−∞, 3) ∪ 5 ,∞ (b) −∞, 16
5 ∪ 18
5 ,∞ (c) (−∞, 3] ∪ 18
5 ,∞

h i
16 18
(d) 5 , 5 (e) None of the above

12. A game comes with a set of three fair six-sided dice. In one particular set, while two of the
dice are regular, labeled with numbers 1 through 6, due to a manufacturing error, on the third
die the side that is supposed to be labeled with 1 got labeled with 6 (so there are exactly two
sides labeled 6 on the die).
Suppose two of the dice are chosen at random and rolled once. What is the probability that
both land with a side labeled 6 facing up?

5 1 1 1
(a) 108 (b) 24 (c) 18 (d) 6 (e) None of the above

13. Evaluate (1 + i)2022 .

(a) 1 (b) −21011 i (c) 21011 i

(d) 1011 − 2022i (e) None of the above

 
π
14. Which of the following is equal to sin 8 ?

s √ s √ p √ p √
2− 2 2+ 2 2− 2 2+ 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) None of the above
2 2 2 2

15. Which of the following is a one-to-one function on the given do-

main?

(a) cos(x), − π2 ≤ x ≤ π
2

(b) sin(x), − π2 ≤ x ≤ π
2 (c) x3 − x, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1

(d) |x + 2|, −4 ≤ x ≤ 2 (e) None of the above

2022 SVSU Math Olympics Level II — page 5 of 7

16. The matrix C is the product of two given matrices:

 
! b 2 −3
1 3 2  
C= ·
1 2 5 
5 a 1 
2 3 1

If c2,1 = −5 and c2,3 = 1, what are a and b?

(a) a = 3 and b = 2 (b) a = 2 and b = −2 (c) a = 5 and b = 1

(d) a = 3 and b = 1 (e) None of the above

17. The function F, which takes functions as inputs and returns functions, is defined by

F(f)(x) = f(20x) + 22

If f is a linear function such that f(5) = 16 and F(f)(5) = 323, find the formula for F(f)(x).

(a) F(f)(x) = 2x + 8 (b) F(f)(x) = 20x2 − 40x + 23

(c) F(f)(x) = 80x − 89 (d) F(f)(x) = 60x + 23

(e) None of the above

18. The functions p and q are defined by the following table, in which some values are missing,
which is indicated by a question mark. The table also contains some values of the function
r, which is defined by the equation r(x) = q(p(x)). Again some values have been replaced by
question marks.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
p(x) 4 ? ? 2 1 0
q(x) ? 2 ? 0 5 1
r(x) ? 1 0 4 ? 3

What is the sum of all the missing values in the table?

(a) 22 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 17

(e) Impossible to determine with given information.

2022 SVSU Math Olympics Level II — page 6 of 7

19. The set N0 = {0, 1, 2, . . .} of all whole numbers has an associative operation of addition, de-
noted by +. It also contains a special object, 0, with the property that for any whole number
n, n + 0 = 0 + n = n. We say that the set N is a monoid with operation + and identity object 0.
Another example of a monoid is the set B = {0, 1} with the operation ∨ (pronounced ‘or’)
defined by the equations 0 ∨ 0 = 0, 0 ∨ 1 = 1 ∨ 0 = 1 and 1 ∨ 1 = 1. The identity object in this
monoid is also 0.
A function f from N0 to B is a monoid morphism if it satisfies the following two properties:

− For any two numbers m and n from the set N0 , the equation f(m + n) = f(m) ∨ f(n) is true
(we say that f preserves the monoid operations).

− f(0) = 0 (we say that f preserves the identity objects).

Is the function f defined by

(
0 if n is even
f(n) =
1 if n is odd

a monoid morphism between the two examples of monoids described above?

(a) f is a monoid morphism.

(b) f preserves the monoid operation but not the identity objects.

(c) f preserves the identity objects but not the monoid operation.

(d) f preserves neither the identity objects nor the monoid operation.

(e) f is not a function from N0 to B.

20. Each side of the cube depicted on the right is numbered with a positive
integer in such a way that the products of the numbers on each pair of 10
14 15
opposite sides are all the same. Find the lowest possible sum of all the
numbers on the sides of the cube.

(a) 78 (b) 80 (c) 89 (d) 107 (e) None of the above

s r q p
21. Find the largest integer smaller than 22 + 22 + 22 + 22.

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 9 (e) 22

22. How many pairs of integers (x, y) are solutions of the equation

3x2 y − 10xy − 8y − 17 = 0?

(a) none (b) one (c) two (d) four (e) None of the above
2022 SVSU Math Olympics Level II — page 7 of 7

23. A diagram consists of a set of nodes and a set of arrows be-

α
tween nodes. Two diagrams are shown on the right, first with
1
the set of nodes A = {1, 2}, the second with the set of nodes
β

B = α, β, γ, δ, , ω . In the first diagram, you can get from 1 to
2 by following arrows, but not from 2 to 1. In the second dia-
δ γ
gram, you can for example get from α to every node except α by 2
ω 
following arrows. Two other extremes in the second diagram are
, from which you can only get to itself, and ω from which you
cannot get anywhere by following arrows.
A function f from the set A to the set B is called a diagram mapping if for every two nodes a
and b from the set A such that you can get from a to b by following arrows, you can also get
from f(a) to f(b) by following arrows.
How many diagram mappings are there from the first diagram to the second diagram?

(a) 6 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) 20 (e) 21

24. Assuming that ‘wigglers’ are those who wiggle, ‘wobblers’ are those that wobble, and ‘wag-
glers’ are those who waggle, which of the following sets of premises will necessarily lead to
the conclusion that “Wilbur is not a weeble”?

(a) All weebles wobble. (b) Some weebles wobble. (c) All weebles wobble.
No wobblers wiggle. No wobblers wiggle. No wobblers wiggle.
Some wigglers waggle. Some wagglers wiggle. All wigglers waggle.
Wilbur waggles. Wilbur waggles. Wilbur waggles.

(d) All weebles wobble. (e) None of the above

No wobblers wiggle.
All wagglers wiggle.
Wilbur waggles.

x−y xy
25. Suppose that x and y satisfy x+y = 9 and x+y = −60. The value of (x + y) + (x − y) + xy is

(a) −50 (b) −150 (c) −14310 (d) 210 (e) 14160