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= √625
Kinematics: Two-Dimensional Motion 𝑽𝑹 = 𝟐𝟓 𝐦/𝐬.

From 1D to 2D Solving for distance applies the same,

As you can recall from the previous topic, we can present vectors
within a Cartesian plane. As previously discussed as well, rectilinear 𝑅 = √𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2
motion is, simply put, motion along a straight line. So, projecting it = √402 + 302
within a Cartesian plane will only move either along the x-axis or the = √1600 + 900
y-axis. = √2500
In this lesson, we shall be dealing with motion when projected along 𝑹 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐦.
two dimensions: x and y. As seen in the left image, there is a third Unfortunately, 2D motion requires an angle of displacement,
arrow alongside the x and y axes. That arrow is called the resultant. It especially for resultant values. For this, we use 𝑆𝑂𝐻 − 𝐶𝐴𝐻 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴:
represents the motion in both
dimensions. Simply put, it 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑆𝑂𝐻, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 =
simplifies the direction taken ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
by the object throughout its 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐶𝐴𝐻, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 =
movement. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Suppose we have a car 𝑇𝑂𝐴, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
moving at 20 m/s, traveling at 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
40 m east, then travels at 30 However, take note that sine pertains to the angle moving from the y-
m, moving at 15 m/s upon axis down to the x-axis. Cosine pertains to the angle moving from the
turning north. How fast and x-axis up towards y, and tangent pertains to the incline’s slope (i.e.,
how far did the car travel? the resultant formed from the x and y values). So, solving for the angle,
Solving this kind of problem 15
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
requires the following equation: 25
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0.6
𝜃 = cos −1 (0.6)
𝑉𝑅2 = 𝑉𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑦2 , 𝜽 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑°
which is reminiscent of the Pythagorean Theorem, 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ,
where, Projectile Motion
Suppose we have a 65-kg man wearing an advanced prototype of a
𝑎 = 𝑉𝑥
3D Maneuver Gear (3DMG). He aimed his left and right reels at the
𝑏 = 𝑉𝑦
peaks of two abandoned stone towers 375 meters above the ground,
𝑐 = 𝑉𝑅 . with the man standing at a building about 50 meters above the ground.
Solving for the resultant velocity, The towers were 250 m away from the building. As the gear pulled him
towards the two (2) towers at a rate of 56 m/s vertically, which changes
𝑉𝑅 = √𝑉𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑦2 after 4 seconds, as seen in the figure. What is the man’s vertical height
as soon as he hit the 4-second mark?
= √202 + 152
07 Handout 2 *Property of STI
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 SH1690
This setup is an example of Projectile Motion.
Range The maximum horizontal displacement an
(𝒙𝑴𝑨𝑿 ) object can attain

Flight Time The total amount of time an object takes to

(𝑻) travel from the initial point to its destination

Always keep in mind these following notes:

1. 𝑥 gets maximum value if 𝜃 = 45°
2. When adding two elevation angles, keep in mind that if the sum is
equal to 45°, then 𝑥 gets maximum distance.
3. 𝑥 is constant. To solve for it in projectile motion, use 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡,
where 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.
The vertical component of projectile motion is a free-fall. Thus, the
formulas for projectile motion are as follows, as seen below.
Projectile motion is a free-falling motion where an object, usually First are the formulas for horizontal launch. Take note that 𝑔 (↓) =
referred to as a projectile, flies over the air at a certain angle. The 9.8 m/s 2 . Take note as well of the following values.
object’s path is known as its trajectory. As it flies in the air, the velocity
it gains has both horizontal and vertical components. This, along with
the angle the ballistic is being thrown at, creates a parabolic trajectory. Horizontal Motion
𝑎𝑥 =0
There are six (6) important variables in projectile motion. Take note
that the variable for velocity (𝑣̅ ) can be written without the bar (i.e., 𝑣) 𝑣̅𝑥 = 𝑣̅0𝑥
for convenience.
𝑥 = 𝑣̅0𝑥 𝑡
Launch The velocity of the object at the start of its
̅𝟎 )
Velocity (𝒗 trajectory. Vertical Motion
𝑎𝑦 =𝑔
Impact Velocity The velocity of the object as it comes closer to
̅𝒇 )
(𝒗 its destination. 𝑣̅𝑦 = 𝑣̅0𝑦 + 𝑔𝑡

1
Angle of The angle of an object’s initial velocity 𝑦 = 𝑣̅0𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
Elevation (𝜽) concerning (wrt) the range

Maximum The highest altitude the object reaches along From these values, we get the following derived equations for a
Height (𝒚𝑴𝑨𝑿 ) its trajectory horizontal launch,
2𝑦
𝑡=√ 𝑣𝑦 = √2𝑔𝑦
𝑔

07 Handout 2 *Property of STI

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 SH1690

𝑔 1 since such values of y are above the peak of the trajectory. Thus, if
𝑣0 = 𝑥 √ 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑡 2 𝑦 = 0,
2𝑦 2
2𝑣̅0𝑦
𝑡 = 0, and 𝑡 = .
𝑔
2𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑣0 √ .
𝑔 Going back to the scenario, we get the following given values,
𝑦0 = 50 m 𝑥 = 250 m
m m
𝑎 = 10 2 𝑣0𝑦 = 56
s s
Given here are the formulas for projectile motion in a full launch. Take 𝑦𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 375 m
note that 𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, and 𝑔 (↓) = 9.8 m/s 2 . Solving for the vertical height,
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑡
Vertical Horizontal
𝑦 = 𝑣̅𝑦 𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑣̅0𝑥 𝑡 𝑣0𝑦
𝑣̅0𝑦 = ( ) (𝑡)
𝑣̅02 sin 2𝜃 2
𝑣̅𝑦 = 𝑥𝑀𝐴𝑋 = m
2 𝑔 56
𝑣̅0𝑦 = ( s ) (4 s)
𝑦𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 2
𝑔
Flight Time 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝐦.
2𝑣̅0𝑦
𝑡𝑥 = References:
𝑔 Bauer, W., & Westfall, G. D. (2016). General physics 1 (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Education.
𝑣̅0𝑦 Bautista, D.C. (2013). Science impact: Integrated science (3rd ed.). Antipolo City: Academe Publishing
𝑡𝑦 = House, Inc.
𝑔 Belleza, R.V., Gadong, E.S.A., …, Sharma, M. Ph.D. (2016). General physics 1. Quezon City, Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.
𝑣̅0𝑦 𝑣̅02𝑦 2𝑦 CHED (2016). Displacement, time, average velocity, instantaneous velocity. Retrieved 2017, February 13
𝑡= ±√ − from Teach Together: CHED K-12 Curriculum Sharing Site:
𝑔 𝑔2 𝑔 http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/teaching_guides/view/82
Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L., & Young, H. D. (2011). Sears and Zemansky’s university physics (with modern
physics) (13th ed.). Addison-Wesley.
Khan Academy (n.d.). Two-dimensional motion. Retrieved 2017, March 3 from Khan Academy:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/two-dimensional-motion
Note that flight time value will be undefined (∞) if, Nave, C. R. (2016). Mechanics: Motion. Retrieved from the Georgia State University’s HyperPhysics:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html#mechcon
2 Santiago, K. S., & Silverio, A. A. (2016). Exploring life through science: senior high school physical science.
2𝑦 𝑣̅0𝑦 Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
> 2, Somara, S. (2016). Vectors and 2D motion: Crash course physics #4. Retrieved from YouTube:
𝑔 𝑔 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3BhzYI6zXU

or if,
𝑣̅02𝑦
𝑦> ,
2𝑔

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