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CALENG3 Quiz 2 Notes

APPLICATION OF 1ST ORDER LINEAR EQUATIONS

CONTENTS
I. GROWTH AND DECOMPOSITION
II.
III. MIXING
IV. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

GROWTH AND DECOMPOSITION c = constant

Theory: The decomposition/growth of a collection is
directly proportional to the amount at time t Differential Equation:
dT
= k (T − To )
x = amount of substance dt
t = time Usual Solution
k = constant T = T0 + cekt
c = starting amount

General Tips
Differential Equation:
a. If the object is hotter, T should drop at larger t
dx value.
= kx
dt b. Refresh on Log rules since they also important here
Usual Solution:
x = cekt MIXING
Theory:
General Tips:
a. If you set k to 0, x = c, hence c is the intital amount
b. Remember log rules

Theory: The rate of heating/cooling of the object depends

on the temperature difference of the room and the object

Wherein:
q is the flow of fluids
C is the concentration of the fluid
If we assumed that the contents inside the bucket is well
T = temperature of the object mixed, we can assert that Cout is C
T0 = temperature of the room
t = time C = concentration in the container
k = constant x = amount of solute (e.g sand, salt etc)

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 Society of Young Engineers Towards Achieving Excellence
Tutorials | Reviewers
CALENG3 Quiz 2 Notes

V = volume at time t
Vo = initial volume of the container General Solution To RL Circuit:
E − tR

Differential Equation:
I (t ) =  1 − e L

R 
dx
qinCin = qout Cout + General Solution to RC Cirrcuit:
dt −t
E RC
Wherein I (t ) = e
R
V = V0 + (qin − qout )t
 −t

x Q(t ) = CE 1 − e RC 
C = Cout =  
V
General Tips: General Tips:
a. Solve using 1st order linear equation method a. The equation is 1st Order ODE
b. Although general solutions are written here, still
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT try to solve it using the linear ODE

Theory: An electric circiut connected in this manner: c. A 1st Order ODE is in the right form only if
dx/dy has a coefficient of 1. Divide the entire
equation by the Coefficient of the differential if
it has one
d. If you are dealing with capacitance, it is always
useful to Subtitute I(t) to dQ(t)/dt to make it
solvable.

Thess notes are made by:

Will have the following Differential Equation: Isaiah Jassen L. Tupal
dI (t ) Q(t ) BSMS-CPE
RI (t ) + L + = E (t )
dt C
dQ(t ) Sources:
I (t ) =
dt •
Wherein:
E(t) = EMF (battery or powersupply)
Q(t) = Charge
I(t) = Current
R = Resistance
L = Inductance
C=Capacitance
But but this equation is of a higher order so for this topic,
the focus will be on RL and RC circuits. Remove R or C
terms depending on the configuration of the circuit

2
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