Thus, ICT Policies are needed

to put a roadmap or course of

actions to be pursued and
adopted by
various governments,
organizations, entities involving
ICT. These include principles
and guidelines in the use of
ICT which cover three main
areas: telecommunication
(telephone), broadcasting
(radio and television) and
Internet.
The New ICT Technologies
More recent technological
innovations increased the reach
and speed of communications
which can be
grouped into three categories:
1. Information Technology -
includes the use of
computers, which has
become indispensable in
modern societies to process data
and save time and effort. What
are needed will be computer
hardware and peripherals,
software and for the user,
computer literacy.
2. Telecommunication
Technologies – include
telephone (with fax) and the
broadcasting of radio and
television often through
satellites. Telephone system,
radio, and TV broadcasting are
needed in this
category.
3. Networking Technologies –
the best known of networking
technology is Internet, but has
extended
to mobile phone technology,
Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VOIP) satellite
communication and
other forms of communication
are still in their infancy. In
addition to internet, this
category also
includes mobile phone, cable,
DSL, satellite and other
broadband connectivity.

Thus, ICT Policies are needed

to put a roadmap or course of
actions to be pursued and
adopted by
various governments,
organizations, entities involving
ICT. These include principles
and guidelines in the use of
ICT which cover three main
areas: telecommunication
(telephone), broadcasting
(radio and television) and
Internet.
The New ICT Technologies
More recent technological
innovations increased the reach
and speed of communications
which can be
grouped into three categories:
1. Information Technology -
includes the use of
computers, which has
become indispensable in
modern societies to process data
and save time and effort. What
are needed will be computer
hardware and peripherals,
software and for the user,
computer literacy.
2. Telecommunication
Technologies – include
telephone (with fax) and the
broadcasting of radio and
television often through
satellites. Telephone system,
radio, and TV broadcasting are
needed in this
category.
3. Networking Technologies –
the best known of networking
technology is Internet, but has
extended
to mobile phone technology,
Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VOIP) satellite
communication and
other forms of communication
are still in their infancy. In
addition to internet, this
category also
includes mobile phone, cable,
DSL, satellite and other
broadband connectivity.
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
REPUBLIC COLLEGES OF GUINOBATAN, INC.
G. Alban St., Iraya, Guinobatan, Albay
CP No.: 0946-419-3153

TOPIC : Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning 2

Subject : MC ALLIED 2 – Technology for Teaching and Learning 2
(Language Education Learning)
Instructor : Ms. Mary Ann Senora, LPT
Program : BSED III English
Schedule : 7:30-9:00, MW

TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Technology is transforming education, changing how, when and where students learn,
and empowering them at every stage of their journey.

Philosophical Questions and Issues

 What is the role of technology in education?

 How should technology be used for teaching and learning?
 When should it be used? What types of learners (learning styles, ages, ability levels,
gender, etc.) can best benefit from what types of technology?
 How does technology affect what and how we teach?
 How does technology affect our lifestyles and our whole educational system?
 Should we reconstruct education because of technology?
 What should the educational system look like in the next few years because of these
advancements in technology?
 Educational technology is a field of study that investigates the process of analyzing,
designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating the instructional environment and learning
materials in order to improve teaching and learning. It is important to keep in mind that the
purpose of educational technology (also referred to as instructional technology) is to improve
education. We must define the goals and needs of education first and then we use all our
knowledge, including technology, to design the most effective learning environment for students.

The learning materials today have greatly expanded because of the various
technological advances. Instructional materials include more conventional materials, such as
the blackboard, overhead projectors, televisions, VCRs, overhead projectors, slide projectors,
and opaque projectors, as well as newer materials, such as the computer, various software
applications, LCD projectors, camcorders, digital cameras, scanners, the Internet, satellite,
interactive TV, audio and video conferencing, artificial intelligence, and so on.

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

- The application of technology to any process of educational enterprise.

- Use of the technological advancement in terms of various equipment, materials, and
machines for educational purposes.
- It involves the increasingly complex range of audiovisual equipment, sophisticated
electronic devices like projectors, films, radios, TV, computers, etc., for individualized or
group learning.
- Application of system approach to education and training with the emphasis on the
interrelation of Men, Machine, Methods, Media and Materials (5M’s)
- The development, application and evaluation of systems, techniques, and aids to
improve the process of human learning.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Empowers educators to efficiently personalize learning with access to data, content and
the cloud.
 Prepares students for the 21st century workforce with modern technology skills and
competencies.
 Helps educators create blended learning environments that make learning relevant to
students’ lives.
 Gives educators access to real-time feedback through digital formative and summative
assessments and data.
BEST PRACTICES FOR USING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
When using technology for teaching, there are four basic principles to be kept in mind.

Alignment
- Technology should be used for a purpose – not for the sake of being flashy and not as a
distraction from other forms of pedagogy.

Accessibility
- Be sure that the technology that you intend to use is accessible to your students.

Assessment
- As with lectures and labs, provide your students with guidance when dealing with media
technologies.

Reinforcement
- Technology should be used as a reinforcement of and a supplement to your teaching

BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Providing multiple material types for all learning styles.

 Enhancing communication between faculty-student and student-student.
 Promoting constructivist and active learning.
  Enhancing collaborative teaching and learning.
 Providing synchronous and asynchronous communication.
 Promoting higher expectations via peer review and feedback.
 Providing prompt progress information.
 Enabling stronger group collaboration
 Promoting and fostering lifelong learning.

ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

As teaching and learning go together, let us explore what would be the roles of
technology for teachers and teaching and for learners and learning. According to Stotic (2015),
educational technology has three DOMAINS:

1. Technology as a tutor. Together with the teacher, technology can support the teacher
to teach another person or technology when programmed by the teacher, can be a tutor
on its own. The teacher will simply switch on or switch off radio programs, television
programs of play DVD’s or CD’s that contain educational programs. There are on-line
tutorial educational programs, too.

2. Technology as a teaching tool. Like a tutor, technology is a teaching tool, but can
never replace a teacher. This is like the handyman, which is just there to be reached.
Like any other tool, it is being used to facilitate and lighten the work of a teacher. It will
be good if the teacher can also create or develop technology tools that are needed in the
classroom.

3. Technology as a learning tool. While the teacher utilizes technology as the tool for
teaching, likewise it can be an effective tool for learning. As a learning tool, it makes
learning easy and effective. It can produce learning outcomes that call for technology-
assisted teaching. Even the teachers who are teaching can utilize similar tools for
learning. As a learning tool, it is very interesting that even the elderly use tools for
learning for life.

A. For Teachers and Teaching

There are numerous roles that technology plays in the job of teachers. As a tool,
technology has opened wider avenues in management of resources and management of
learning. Likewise, it has modernized the teaching-learning environment in schools. Here are
some examples of the myriad of roles that technology can do for teachers and teaching.

1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning.

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment.
3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching.
4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches.
5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates scientific outlook.
6. Technology supports teacher’s professional development.

B. For Learners and Learning

1. Supports learners to learn how to learn on their own. All teachers fully understand that
subject matter or content is a means to achieve the learning outcomes. There are three
categories of knowledge according to Egbert (2009): declarative, structural and
procedural knowledge.
 a. Declarative knowledge consists of the discrete pieces of information that answers the
questions what, who and where. It is often learned through memorization of facts, drills
and practice. Declarative knowledge is the fundamental knowledge necessary for
students to achieve more complex higher order thinking such as critical thinking and
creativity, inquiry and production.

b. Structural knowledge consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put together

to attain some form of meaning. An example of declarative knowledge is “pencil”. The
idea that evolved from a pencil is an understanding that: “it is something used to write.”
This is referred to as structural knowledge. It can be presented by concept maps,
categorization or classification.

c. Procedural knowledge is knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to do

something. It is based on facts but learned through the process of procedural
knowledge. Examples include how to drive a car, how to use a cell phone, or how to
speak English. Procedural knowledge is indicated by a performance task or graphical
representation of a concept.

2. Technology enhances learner’s communication skills through social interactions . This is

commonly described as the transmittal of information from one person to another as
single individual or groups of individuals. According to Shirlly (2003) and Egbert (2009),
there are three basic communication patterns.

a. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like internet chat, phone conversation or even face-
to-face conversation.
b. One-to-many outbound like a lecture or television. There is no social interaction.
c. Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz session, heads together. This kind of
interaction provides opportunities for social interaction.

3. Technology upgrades learners’ higher-order-thinking skills: critical thinking, problem

solving and creativity. Twenty-first century learning requires the development of higher-
order-thinking skills. Technology has a great role to play in the development and
enhancement of these skills.

Critical thinking is part of the cluster of higher order thinking skills. It refers to the ability to
interpret, explain, analyze, evaluate, infer and self-regulate in order to make good decisions.
With the use of technology, one will be able to evaluate the credibility of the source, ask
appropriate questions, become open-minded, defend a position on an issue and draw
conclusion with caution. All of these competencies are covered by Bloom’s Taxonomy of
Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.

Some ways to develop critical thinking:

 Ask the right questions.
 Use critical thinking tasks with appropriate level of challenge.
 Vary Questions asked
 Introduce new technologies
 Modify learner’s grouping
 Modify the critical thinking task
  Encourage curiosity

Creativity is characterized as involving the ability to think flexibly, fluently, originally and
elaborately (Guildford, 1986 & Torrance, 1947 in Egbert 2009) Flexibly means able to use
many points of view while fluently means able to generate many ideas. Originally implies
being able to generate new ideas and elaborately means able to add details. Creativity is not
merely a set of technical skills, but it also involves feelings, beliefs, knowledge and motivation.

Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn, 1963)

1. Substitute – find something else to replace to do what it does.

2. Combine – blend two things that do not usually go together.
3. Adapt – look for other ways this can be used.
4. Modify/Magnify/Minify – make a change, enlarge, decrease.
5. Put to another use – find other uses
6. Eliminate – reduce, remove
7. Reverse – turn upside-down, inside out, fort-side back

All together, the strategies will be labelled as SCAMPER.